INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE ARAL SEA BASIN

Transcription

1 INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE ARAL SEA BASIN Prof. Victor A. Dukhovny, Dr. Pulat Umarov SIC ICWC

2 Geography Aral Sea K a z a k h s t a n Syr Darya U z b e k i s t a n "8 Alma-Ata "8 Bishkek K y r g y z Republic Amu Darya "8 Tashkent T u r k m e n i s t a n "8 "8 Ashgabad Dushanbe T a d j i k i s t a n C h i n a I r a n A f g h a n i s t a n I n d i a

3 Land Resources in the Aral Sea Basin Country Area of the country, mln. ha Cultivable area, mln. ha Cultivated area, mln. ha Actually irrigated area, mln. ha azakhs tan* 34,4 23,9 1,66 0,77 yrgyz Republic* 12,5 1,26 0,59 0,42 adjikistan 14,3 1,57 0,77 0,72 urkmenistan 48,8 7,01 1,81 1,73 zbekistan 44,9 25,4 5,21 4,23 he Aral Sea asin 154,9 59,14 10,04 7,85 * Only provinces in the Aral Sea basin are included

4 Scheme of Climate Zones in the Aral Sea Basin Fig. 2. Scheme of Climatic Zones in the Aral Sea Basin N- I Aral Sea K a z a k h s t a n N- II Syr Darya "8 Alm a -A ta C- I Sary-K amysh C- II U z b e k i s t a n Tuya- m uyun Amu Darya Ai d a r Ku l Ch ar dara "8 Tash ken t Tok to gul "8 Bishkek K y r g y z R e p u b l i c Issyk Kul S- I Ka ira k k u m S- II T u r k m e n i s t a n "8 As hg ab ad "8 Dushanbe T a d j i k i s t a n C h i n a Legend Zeyit Boundaries of clim atic zones: I r a n A f g h a n i s t a n Pakistan I n d i a N - North C - Central S - South I - N orthern part II - Southern part

5 Surface Water Resources in the Aral Sea Basin (Mean Annual Runoff, km 3 / year) Co untry Syrdarya River Basin Amudarya River Basin Total Aral Sea Basin Kazakhstan ,2 Kyrgyz Republic ,2 Tadjikistan ,5 Turkmenistan ,2 Uzbekistan ,6 Afghanistan and Iran ,3 Total Aral Sea Basin

6 Groundwater Reserves and Use in the Countries within the Aral Sea Basin ( km 3 / year) State Kazakhstan Estimated Regional Groundwater Reserves 1,85 Reserves Confirmed for Extraction 1,22 Total Actual Extraction 0,42 Domestic water supply 0,29 Including different users and purposes Industry Irrigation 0,12 0 Vertical Drainage wells 0 Other 0,01 Kyrgyzstan 0,86 0,67 0,41 0,04 0,06 0, Tajikistan 6,65 2,20 0,99 0,34 0,09 0,55 0 0,01 Turkmenistan 3,36 1,22 0,46 0,21 0,04 0,15 0,06 0,12 Uzbekistan 18,45 7,80 7,75 3,37 0,72 2,16 1,35 0,16 Total Aral Sea Basin 31,17 13,11 10,03 4,25 1,03 3,17 1,41 0,3

7 Central Asia heritage: positives and negatives The region has inherited followings from the Soviet period: Positives: Huge water infrastructure; Strict governing and planning of water resources management from top till down and allowed maintaining of the whole complex system in the same way; High level of technical skills, close cooperation of water specialists of various republics; Establishing of BWOs; Negatives: Neglecting of the public opinion and participation; Lack of the attention to ecological requirements; Administrative-commanding systems, absence of the transparency and access to information; Incapacity to accept the market mechanism, absence of payable of water use;

8 Chronology of the Interstate Events 1986 Decree of Soviet State No 1088 on Improvement of social and ecological situation in the Aral Sea Basin 1987 Creation of BWO Syrdarya and BWO Amudarya September, 1991 Creation of the ICWC February, 1992 Agreement about collaboration in the field of joint water resources management of the Interstate Councils of the Aral Sea Basin March, 1993 Decision of State Heads about organization of the International Fund for saving the Aral Sea (IFAS) and Interstate Councils of the Aral Sea

9 hronology of the Interstate Events (cont.) January, 1994 Decision of State Heads on The program of concrete actions for improvement of ecological and socio-economic situation in the Aral Sea Basin June, 1994 Donors conference in Paris for support community September, 1995 Nukus Declaration April, 1997 Decision of State Heads about Joint International Fund for the Aral Sea April, 1999 Decision of State Heads about Adoption of Status of the IFAS Institutions

10 Interstate Water Resources Management Structure in the Aral Sea Basin State Founders of the IFAS azakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan IFAS Branches Interstate Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS) Executive Committee of the IFAS Ministries of Agriculture and Water Resources Interstate Commission for Water Coordination ICWC Secretariat ICWC Branches Scientific Information Center (SIC ICWC) BWO Amudarya BWO Syrdarya

11 Functional Interrelations between Water Resources Management Organizations on Regional level State Founders of the IFAS azakhstan Kyrgyz tan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan ICWC BWO Amudarya BWO Syrdarya SIC ICWC Secretariat Managing Functions Information Financing Control Functions

12 WATER MANAGEMENT AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL Disadvantages Measures 1. Sectoral approach leaded by agriculture 2. Administrative principle of water management. 3. Weak public participation at the local level. 4. Absence PIP on national and provincial levels. 5. Indefinite of financial policy on government participation. 6. Weak attention to Water Saving. 1. Creation of inter-sectoral public and non-govermental national and provincial bodies. 2. Basin and system approach to water management on hydrographic basis. 3. Transfer to WUA. 4. Organizing of WUA corporations on national and systems levels. 5. Strict regulation of full covering expenses by private and public sectors. 6. Organization on Water Saving competition. Public awareness about water importance.

13 ACTION Plan and Vision for future Short-term action Program Organization extensive water saving and agricultural services at the local level Establishment the Basin Water User s Counsels in the River Basin River Authorities (BWOs) Network of Independent consortiums Development of the common information system on water use and management Implementation of the SCADA systems for the management of the infrastructure at the interstate and intersystem levels In case of successful implementation of the above measures, water use will not exceed 90 km3 per annum by 2010.

14 ACTION Plan and Vision for future (cont.) Medium-term Action Program ( ) Development of a system of mutual benefit and regional cooperation in agricultural production Create a technical base to develop a local (drip, microsprinkler,, etc.,) irrigation systems Develop the management systems for water allocation in the upper catchments Wide use of waste and saline drainage water for irrigation In case of successful implementation of the above measures, water diversion will not exceed km3 per annum.

15 ACTION Plan and Vision for future (cont.) Long-term Action Program ( ) Automation of water operation, water supply and drainage flow management Development the system of strict distribution of drainage water Management and use of drainage water by cascade management for growing salt-resistant crops and forestation of unproductive lands Developing full irrigation facilities over the whole of the irrigated area Developing methods for the control of changing soil conditions and assessing the consequences of these changes In case of successful implementation of the above measures water diversion will not exceed 75 km3 per annum.

16 The main principles of future progress in the water sectors and irrigated agriculture Improve cooperation of governmental and non-governmental organizations on the management of transboundary river basins Develop common political approaches and measures for preventing transboundary water pollution Develop and implement (interstate) regional investment projects, attract funds from international and bilateral donors for a well balanced use of wate in the Aral Sea Basin Gradually reduce surface water diversion and increase the water demand of the environment of transboundary rivers and the Aral Sea zone as natural consumers (water users) Develop and implement measures for creation of a sustainable ecological profile around the Aral Sea Develop a plan for a common agricultural market in Central Asia. This plan should include the regulation of custom procedures, import tax, etc.

17 CONCLUSION Using a new philosophy, water is sacred, the society can survive, by rehabilitating its ancient traditions and using international experiences in efficient water management and use Under the conditions of market-oriented economy, great attention should be paid to low-cost activities and reducing organizational losses through the introduction of the appropriate economic, information, legal and organizational mechanism for water conservation Public awareness should become a basis for society to influence and change the attitudes of water users and government bodies