Singapore Energy efficiency report

Transcription

1 Singapore Energy efficiency report Objective: 3% reduction in energy intensity by 23 compared with Overview - (%/year) Primary intensity (EU=1)¹ % ++ CO 2 intensity (EU=1) % ++ CO 2 emissions per capita (in tco 2 /cap) % - Power generation - (%/year) Efficiency of thermal power plants (in %) % ++ Rate of electricity T&D losses (in %) % -- CO 2 emissions per kwh generated (in gco2/kwh) % ++ Industry - (%/year) Energy intensity (EU=1) % - Share of industrial CHP in industrial consumption (in %) - - Unit consumption of steel (in toe/t) Among the best performing countries + Above the EU average 1 Below the EU average 1 Among the worst performing countries Latest update: May The European Union, as the best performing region, is used as the benchmark.

2 1. Overview 1.1. Policies: 3% reduction in energy intensity by 23 compared with In Singapore launched its Sustainable Development Blueprint, which sets the target of achieving a 3 percent reduction in energy intensity by 23 compared with its level. Energy efficiency efforts are coordinated by the Energy Efficiency Programme Office (E 2 PO), a multi-agency committee created in and led by the National Environment Agency and the Energy Market Authority. In the Building and Construction Authority introduced a Green Mark Scheme to promote the adoption of green building design and energy efficient technologies. This rating system includes energy efficiency, water efficiency, indoor environmental quality and environmental protection criteria. In addition, financial support is available for new and retrofitted buildings that achieve high Green Mark rates. Mandatory energy labels were introduced for household air conditioners and refrigerators in and for dryers in. Since, air conditioners and refrigerators also have to achieve minimum energy performance standards Energy consumption trends: large increase in industry s share Singapore s total energy consumption per capita is high. It reached 6.6 toe in, which is 23 percent higher than in South Korea and 78 percent higher than in Japan. Total energy consumption has increased by an average of more than percent/year since. The industry sector (including non-energy uses) is the main energy-consuming sector. Its share in total energy consumption increased significantly, from 24 percent in to nearly percent in. At the same time, the share of the power sector decreased from 37 percent to 26 percent. Figure 1: Energy consumption trends by sector 4 3 Other Industry Power generation 3 2 Mtoe Singapore Country reports 2

3 The country s electricity consumption reached 8,1 kwh in, which is 17 percent lower than in South Korea but 7 percent higher than in Japan. Since total electricity consumption has increased by 3.6 percent/year; the growth has slowed down compared with the 9s (7. percent/year). Electricity consumption growth is mainly driven by the residential and services sector, which now accounts for 63 percent of the electricity demand. Industrial electricity consumption decreased from 47 percent in to one third of the total in. Figure 2: Electricity consumption trends by sector TWh Industry Others 1.3. Energy efficiency trends: improvements in the power generation sector Singapore s total energy intensity (total energy consumption per unit of GDP), measured at purchasing power parity, was roughly the same in as in. The power sector and the other sectors contributed to a decrease in energy intensity, but this effect was offset by the negative impact of the industrial sector. Figure 3: Energy intensity trends 2.% 2.% 1.% %/year 1.%.%.%.% 1.% 1.% 2.% Total Industry Power generation other Singapore Country reports 3

4 2. Power generation: strong improvements in efficiency The efficiency of the electricity sector improved significantly between and, rising from 3 percent to nearly 4 percent. This improvement was achieved through a switch to natural gas in the generation mix and since through the spread of gas combined cycle power plants. In, electricity was generated almost exclusively from oil-fired plants. In natural gas accounted for 81 percent of electricity production, and combined cycle power plants accounted for percent of the capacity. Figure 4: Efficiency of power generation and thermal power plants Figure : Thermal electricity capacity, by technology 4 4 % 3 GW Steam Gas turbines Combined cycles Total power generation Thermal power plants 4 2 The rate of T&D losses in Singapore s grid reached 7 percent of the distributed volume in, which is lower than the world average (9 percent). Figure 6: Electric T&D losses % Singapore Country reports 4

5 3. Industry 3.1. Policies: mandatory energy management requirements for large energy users The Energy Conservation Act, which was adopted in 212, requires large energy users (ie companies that consume more than 1 GWh/year) in the industry and transport sectors to comply with minimum energy management standards. Starting from April 213, these companies are required to register with the National Environment Agency and to comply with certain obligations, such as appointing energy managers, reporting on energy use and submitting energy efficiency improvement plans. These requirements affect some 17 companies which operate on around 2 large energy consuming premises. In addition, a variety of incentives have been implemented to drive energy efficiency improvements in the industrial sector; they include financial and fiscal support, audits and voluntary programs Energy consumption trends: large increase since Industrial energy consumption has increased more than fourfold since due to the large development of the electronics industry and, to a lesser extent, the chemicals industry. Figure 7: Trends in industrial energy consumption Mtoe Electricity consumption increased by more than 4 percent/year between and, but its share in the energy consumption of the industrial sector decreased from 36 percent in to 16 percent in. The share of oil has been stable since, at around 7 percent. In recent years the share of gas consumption has been rising rapidly, bringing it to 11 percent in. Energy-intensive industries (steel and chemical) accounted for less than 2 percent of industrial electricity consumption in. Singapore Country reports

6 Figure 8: Energy consumption of industry, by source 1% 9% 8% Biomass 7% Heat 6% Electricity % Gas 4% Oil 3% Coal/Lignite 2% 1% % Figure 9: Electricity consumption of industry, by branch 1% 9% 8% 7% 6% % 4% Other Paper Non metallic minerals Chemical 3% 2% Steel 1% % 3.3. Energy intensity trends Industrial energy intensity (consumption per unit of industrial value added) increased by almost 2. percent/year between and. Figure 1: Trends in industrial energy intensity 4.% 4.% 3.% 3.% %/year 2.% 2.% 1.% 1.%.%.% *Including construction and mining Total* Singapore Country reports 6