HANDBOOK ON HOW TO USE THE

Transcription

1 HANDBOOK ON HOW TO USE THE Co-funded by SET4food is a project developed by:

2 This publication is developed in the framework of the Sustainable Energy Technologies for Food Utilization (SET4Food) project, implemented by COOPI COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE, Politecnico di Milano and Fondazione Politecnico di Milano, and co-funded by the European Commission's Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection department (ECHO). Specific grant agreement: ECHO/ERC/BUD/2014/ This publication is promoted under the flag of: UNESCO Chair in Energy for Sustainable Development Department of Energy - Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano (MI), Italy. Authors: Jacopo Barbieri, Emanuela Colombo, Fabio Riva (*) Cover: Fabrizio Leonforte (**) Caterina Fiorani (*) Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano (**) Department of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering, Politecnico di Milano Except where otherwise noted, content on this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. DISCLAIMER The authors are responsible for the choice and presentation of views contained in this handbook and for opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. This document covers humanitarian aid activities implemented with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein should not be taken, in any way, to reflect the official opinion of the European Union, and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents... 3 Introduction... 4 About this Handbook... 4 Trademark Acknowledgments... 4 Instruction Manual Notice... 4 Systems Requirements... 5 Access to the DSS... 5 How to create a new account... 5 Enter DSS... 6 Preliminary Level... 7 Explanation of particularly critical questions... 7 Cooking level... 9 Explanation of particularly critical questions... 9 Final Ranking Saving data Restart tool Food Preservation level Explanation of particularly critical questions Final Ranking Saving data Restart tool Water Treatment level Explanation of particularly critical questions Final Ranking Saving data Restart tool Water Pumping level Explanation of particularly critical questions Final Ranking Saving data Restart tool Power Generation level Explanation of particularly critical questions Final Ranking Saving data Restart tool Troubleshooting How to clear cache and cookies

4 INTRODUCTION This Handbook includes information that are mandatory to read before any use of the SET4food DSS. The information given includes details on: system requirements; use of the Handbook; access to the online software; deep insight for some critical questions; generation of final ranking; cleaning up of the tool. ABOUT THIS HANDBOOK This handbook explains how to properly use the SET4food DSS and the proposed energy technologies. Please be sure to read these first notes before proceeding to the other chapters: Software specifications and contents of this Handbook may be changed without notice. The software screens and displays printed in this Handbook may differ slightly from the actual software. The content of this Instruction Manual has been reviewed thoroughly. However, if any error or omission is noticed, please contact us. Disclaimer The SET4food DSS is only a supportive system. Outputs of the systems have NOT the claim to provide the users with the definitive solution concerning the most appropriate technologies for food utilization for each specific contexts. Users must complete the output with theirs personal knowledge, deep analyses of the context and consultation of the SET4food Guidelines or, in some cases, an expert. Trademark Acknowledgments Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Google Chrome is a registered trademark of Google in the United States and/or other countries. Adobe Reader is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Software Ireland Ltd. Other names and products not mentioned above may be registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective companies. Instruction Manual Notice This handbook describes the use of the SET4food DSS. Since the main action of the DSS user consists in answering specific questions, this handbook mainly provides an explanation of only the less intuitive questions and their meaning. In this handbook, Windows 7 Professional/Home Edition is referred to as Windows 7, Windows Vista Professional/Home Edition is referred to as Windows Vista, Windows XP Professional/Home Edition is referred to as Windows XP, Windows Millennium Edition is referred to as Windows Me, Windows 2000 Professional is referred to as Windows 2000, and Windows 98 Second Edition is referred to as Windows 98SE, Macintosh Operating System is referred to as Mac OS. In this handbook, screens used in the examples are from Windows 7 and Google Chrome. 4

5 In this handbook, NASA Langley Research Center database is referred to NASA Database. SYSTEMS REQUIREMENTS OS Requirements Software installed ACCESS TO THE DSS The DSS should work with any Operative System Internet connection Adobe Reader, generic Web browser SET4food DSS is an online software. The tool is hosted on the official website of the SET4food project ( in the tools section of the main menu. Direct link: The DSS is free but requires user registration. If the user is not registered, he/she has to create a personal account. How to create a new account Go to the SET4food DSS section as indicated above (direct link: Scroll the cursor down and click on the link Create an account: 5

6 Fill all fields with the requested information and select a personal Username and Password: Enter DSS Once registered, insert username and password in the DSS section and then Log in button. If the user is already logged, he/she can start using the tool by clicking on the button Enter DSS Tool. 6

7 PRELIMINARY LEVEL The preliminary level of the DSS allows the user to access to all macro-areas of the DSS. In the first screen, the user should see: a list of questions the buttons corresponding to the five macro-areas. On the basis of the answer of the user, the software will turn-on the macro-areas that the user wants to consider. The GREY buttons are not accessible macro-areas (not useful according to the answers given by users). The BLUE buttons are accessible macro-areas. EXPLANATION OF PARTICULARLY CRITICAL QUESTIONS Since the main action of the DSS user consists in responding to specific questions, it is here reminded that this handbook mainly provides an explanation of only those less intuitive WATER PUMPING 2) Is there any social problem related to the supply of water? (e.g. episodes of Gender Base Violence or mistreatment of children) In humanitarian contexts, people have to spend a lot of time each day for collecting water from the source, which is often far from the camp. An affirmative answer means that this task is often committed by women who are threatened by violence, or by children. 7

8 3) Is this system characterized by high polluting emissions? An affirmative answer means that the system used for pumping water is a combustion engine located near people s houses without an appropriate system for exhausting the flue gases. People inhale constantly the combustion flue gases and they are consequently exposed to their health effects. FOOD PRESERVATION 1) Do people have the possibility to store and preserve food? A negative answer means that people do not actually use any system for either preserving or storing food. POWER GENERATION 2) Is the electricity provided by the actual system too much expensive for people? This question refers to the cost of electricity paid by people in the camp. The answer is based on the perception of the assessed people, which should reflect their purchasing power. 8

9 COOKING LEVEL Cooking Level is always active. Click the button cooking for entering the level EXPLANATION OF PARTICULARLY CRITICAL QUESTIONS Each time you answer a question, you have to click the button next to get access to the following question. 1. Are these fuels/resources available (e.g. collected or bought in the market)? This question aims at eliminating all the technologies that use not available or not affordable fuels or resources in the local context. Some explanations concerning some of the resources listed in the first question are worth to be provided: Kerosene, LPG and Alcohols (Ethanol) mean bottles or tanks of the corresponding fuels. Electricity: the answer is YES if people has access to electricity in their houses (almost 500W W of electrical power must be available). Sun: the answer is YES if the minimum irradiation per square meter per year is 1500 kwh. Check the value of irradiation in the selected location by consulting the NASA Database through the following procedure. Consulting NASA Database Go to the RETScreen Data portal developed by NASA (direct link: Insert your Latitude and Longitude coordinates in the corresponding fields and then click Submit. A table with different climatic parameters and the corresponding values are reported for each month of the year. Focus on the third column (third parameter) named Daily solar radiation horizontal. Look for the value in the last row (Annual). Multiply it per 365 and verify the value is higher than

10 4. Are there artisans in the camp able to work with clay? An affirmative answer means that people in the camp are able to create clay objects: they should have specific skills in modelling mud, moulding, drying and firing the clay. Technical details are given in Fired clay stoves sheet in section 6.1 of SET4food Guidelines available on the website, in the Tools section (direct link: How much does it cost? This question refers to the cost of the fuel most often consumed for cooking by people in the camp. Also in this case, the answer (very low/no cost, low, middle, high) is based on the perception of the assessed people, based on their purchasing power. 7.4 Is there the possibility to make biogas? An affirmative answer means that the conversion of animal and human excreta, food and market organic wastes, crops and garden wastes into methane is possible. This process requires the construction of specific structures named Digesters, which can be pre-fabricated or made with local materials (plastic, concrete bricks, wood, etc.). Technical details are given in the Biogas Production sheet in section 6.3 of SET4food Guidelines. 7.6 How much does the following fuel cost? This question concerns the prices of the common fuels that can be used for cooking as an alternative to the most common fuel selected in question 7.5. A possible range of cost is proposed, the user can change the values according to the local real prices of the fuels. 7.7 Referring to the local context, do you think that the costs reported in the blue table are: A table on the right on a blue background is visible, which represents an estimation of the daily cost of the alternative fuels (if they were used as a substitute for the most common fuel selected in question 7.5.). Based on the values reported in the table and the purchasing power of people, the user has to indicate if the costs related to a possible use of these alternatives are VERY LOW/NO COST, LOW, MIDDLE or HIGH. FINAL RANKING After question 12, two ordered rankings are generated. They order technologies from the most appropriate to the least one. The first ranking refers to appropriate technologies for cooking. The second raking refers to solar cookers, which can be used as additional devices. 10

11 Each technology has a specific score, which is included in a range between 0 and 1. The consultation of SET4food Guidelines, Technical sheets in particular, is highly recommended because they provide you with a deep description of the technologies listed in the ranking. In the case of the cooking module, the cost of technologies is one of the discriminating factors, which depends on the local market and the purchasing power of people. SAVING DATA The results of operation, questions and answers are automatically saved in the system and can be downloaded. Scroll the page under the ranking. Click on --> View/Save PDF. A PDF file, which includes all the information collected during the operation of the cooking module, will appear in a new webpage of the browser. The user must save it on his/her computer. For opening the file he/she must have Adobe Acrobat Reader installed: the software can be free downloaded from the URL: RESTART TOOL For starting a new module of the DSS, click on --> Restart Tool below the ranking. 11

12 FOOD PRESERVATION LEVEL Food Preservation Level module is activated in two ways in the Preliminary Level: by selecting NO to the first question; by selecting YES to the first question and NO to at least one of the other two questions in the Preliminary Level. EXPLANATION OF PARTICULARLY CRITICAL QUESTIONS Each time you answer a question, you have to click the button next get access to the following question. 2. What is the maximum temperature reached in the site [ C] The maximum temperature reached on the site of interest can be set according to the data recorded in the NASA database. Consulting NASA Database Go to the RETScreen Data portal developed by NASA (direct link: Insert your Latitude and Longitude coordinates in the corresponding fields and then click Submit. A table with different climatic parameters is reported. Focus on the parameter named Cooling design temperature. 3. What is the relative humidity value [%] when the maximum temperature is reached? 12

13 Below the question a drop-down menu is visible where the user can choose the corrected range of humidity corresponding to the selected location. For answering the question, the user has to know the maximum temperature reached in the site. This information is available on NASA database. According to this, the user has to select the correct range in the drop-down menu previously mentioned. Consulting NASA Database Go to the RETScreen Data portal developed by NASA (direct link: Insert your Latitude and Longitude coordinates in the corresponding fields and then click Submit. A table with different climatic parameters and the corresponding values are reported for each month of the year. Focus on the first column (first parameter) named air temperature. Look for the maximum air temperature value in the year and choose the corresponding relative humidity (third column) 4. What is the yearly solar irradiation of the site [kwh/m 2 y]? Below the question the user should see: view solar irradiation map link; drop-down menu with the possibility to choose the value corresponding to the selected location; The user should: click on view solar irradiation map link: a map of the world will appear; 13

14 locate the location in the map; each irradiation-area has a different grey colour and is surrounded by a dotted line with a number, which corresponds to avarage annual solar irradiation of the area. Check the irradiation area which marks the camp and record this value of irradiation; open the drop-down menu and select the corresponding value on the map; Example: if the camp is located in Africa on the Red Sea, the referring irradiation-area is the one marked with the darkest grey colour and with an avarage annual solar irradiation of 2.09 TWh/km 2. 14

15 6. Which is the availability of the following materials according to the purchase power of the people in the camp? This question refers to the cost and the availability of the material necessary to realize the technologies. The answer (high, high-medium, medium-low, not available) is based on the perception of the assessed people, based on the purchasing power. It should be noticed that the answer not available means that material is effectively not available on the market or people are not able to purchase it. 7. How much does the following fuel cost? This question concerns the prices of the common fuels available in the camp. A possible range of cost is proposed, the user has to change the values according to the real and locally available prices of the fuels. If a fuel is not available, he/she must set a value of How important is that technology is easy-to-transport? This question refers to the importance to move technological systems along the camp, or to move them from outside to inside in order to avoid possible thefts. FINAL RANKING After question number 10, an ordered ranking is generated. Technologies are ordered from the most appropriate to the least one. Each technology has a specific score in the range between 0 and 1. 15

16 NOTE: It should be noticed that a combination between a refrigeration-based technology and other ones is always recommended. The consultation of SET4food Guidelines, Technical sheets in particular, is highly recommended because they provide you with a deep description of the technologies listed in the ranking. In the case of preservation module, the cost of technologies is one of the discriminating factors, which depends on the local market and the purchasing power of people. SAVING DATA The results of operation, questions and answers are automatically saved by the system by clicking on --> View/Save PDF link below the ranking. RESTART TOOL For starting a new module of the DSS, click on --> Restart Tool below the ranking. 16

17 WATER TREATMENT LEVEL Water Treatment Level is activated if the user selects NO to the first two questions referred to Water Treatment in the Preliminary Level. EXPLANATION OF PARTICULARLY CRITICAL QUESTIONS Each time you answer a question, you have to click the button next to get access to the following question. 1. What is/are the suspected type(s) of contamination? Three types of contaminants can be selected. If the presence of one or more contaminants is unknown, the user has to select YES ( their presence will be confirmed through further surveys). Since Chemical Contamination requires a specific and detailed analysis of water, the DSS suggest to contact an expert. 2. Are clay vases commercially available or can be built locally? Clay vases can be purchased or locally made. They are similar to clay stoves (see SET4food Guideline) but their walls are less thick. 3. Is there the possibility to build concrete structures? The question is combined with an explanatory image. They are simple empty container (the red part in the figure), which will be filled with water and sands layers. Technical details are given in the Bio-sand filtration sheet in section 6.13 of SET4food Guidelines. 17

18 5. Are clean fine sand, coarse sand and gravel available and affordable? This question concerns the availability of the following materials, which are necessary for creating the biolayer in Bio-filters: Sand: is a natural granular material composed of very small rock and mineral particles. Coarse sand: the diameter of the particle is 1 2 mm 1 mm. Gravel: composed of unconsolidated rock fragments that have a particle size ranging of 2 10 mm. 6. Do people have the access to electricity and is it reliable, or will it be provided in the immediate future? An affirmative question means that people has already access to almost 6-10 W of electricity for about 5 hours, or it will be provided in the immediate future. 7. Are advance commercial treatment devices (e.g. membrane filters, commercial ceramic filters) available and affordable? This question refers to commercial devices that can be bought in specialist stores. Technical details concerning membrane filters are given in the Membrane filter sheet in section 6.13 of SET4food Guidelines. 8. Are chemical water treatments (e.g. chlorine or other water disinfectant) available, affordable and with a reliable supply chain? 18

19 The above mentioned treatment method is usually a portable water purification device (point-of-use), which is usually sold in the form of tablets to be dissolved into water (e.g. Aquatabs). FINAL RANKING After question 9, an ordered ranking is generated. In the ranking, technologies are ordered and coupled based on the type of contaminants selected in the first questions. If chemical contaminants are present, the last sentence below the ranking warns the user must contact an expert for further investigation. The consultation of SET4food Guidelines, Technical sheets in particular, is highly recommended because they provide you with a deep description of the technologies listed in the ranking. Inside, some treatments against chemical contamination are suggested, although it is highly recommended to contact an expert. SAVING DATA The results of operation, questions and answers are automatically saved by the system by clicking on --> View/Save PDF link below the ranking. RESTART TOOL For starting a new module of the DSS, click on --> Restart Tool below the ranking. 19

20 WATER PUMPING LEVEL The Water Pumping Level is activated if the user selects YES at least to one of the three questions referred to Water Pumping in the Preliminary Level. EXPLANATION OF PARTICULARLY CRITICAL QUESTIONS Each time you answer a question, you have to click the button next to get access to the following question. 1. Which is the main source of water inside the camp or in the immediate surroundings? This question aims at identifying which kind of water source can be exploited in the camp. Rainwater: select this option: only if the settlement is located in a rainy area AND if there are neither surface water sources nor wells in the camp or in its immediate surroundings. Ground Water: select this option if there are ground springs, wells or boreholes in the camp or in its immediate surroundings. Surface Water: select this option if there are rivers, streams, reservoirs and lakes near the camp. Remember that surface water is almost always contaminated and it must be properly treated. 3. Is there the possibility to create a fall of water of almost 1 m from the source? This question appears only if the user has selected Surface Water and has affirmatively answered question 2 (Is the camp more elevated than the source of water?). The user has to select YES if a fall of water from the river/stream/reservoirs or lake can be created and it is possible to canalise it along a pipe. 3. There is the possibility to connect downhill the source of water with the camp with a PENSTOCK or a CHANNEL? This question appears only if the user has selected Surface Water and negatively answered question 2 (Is the camp more elevated than the source of water?). 20

21 The user has to select YES if it is possible to canalise water from the source to a storage in the camp as in figure below. 4. Which is the average annual value of the wind speed [m/s]? Check the value of wind speed at 10 meters in the selected locality by consulting the NASA Database through the following procedure. Then, the user shouls report the correct range suggested in the drop-down menu below the question. Consulting NASA Database Go to the RETScreen Data portal developed by NASA (direct link: Insert your Latitude and Longitude coordinates in the corresponding fields and then click Submit. A table with different climatic parameters and the corresponding values are reported for each month of the year. Focus on the fifth column (fifth parameter) named Wind speed. Look for the value in the last row (Annual). Verify if the value is lower than 2.5, between 2.5 and 4 m/s, more than 4 m/s. 21

22 5. Insert the mean daily solar irradiation Below the question the user should see: view solar irradiation map link; drop-down menu with the possibility to choose the value corresponding to the location; other two questions. User should: click on view solar irradiation map link: a map of the world will appear; locate the location in the map; each irradiation-area has a different grey colour and is surrounded by a dotted line with a number which corresponds to the avarage annual solar irradiation of the area. Check the irradiation area which marks the camp and record this value of irradiation; open the drop-down menu and select the corresponding value on the map; Example: if the camp is located in Africa on the Red Sea, the referring irradiation-area is the one marked with the darkest grey colour and with an avarage annual solar irradiation of 2.09 TWh/km 2. 22

23 Once the user has selected the irradiation value, he/she has to answer the other two questions related to the possibility, in terms of space and security, to install solar PV panels in the camp. 9. Please, insert the daily amount of water used by each people (if unknown write 15) In this question, amount of water refers to the total quantity of water used by each person for all his activities (drinking, cooking, hygiene, washing, etc.). If the amount of water is unknown, 15 Litre/day is a minimum standard that international agencies recommend to be provided in emergency conditions. 10. a. Please, insert the well depth between the ground water source and the surface. This question appears only if the userhas selected Ground Water in the first question of the module. The user has to insert an estimation of the depth of the well. 10. b. Please, insert the distance between the surface of the water source and the camp. This question appears only if the user has selected Surface Water in the first question of the module, and stated that the camp is more elevated than the surface water source. An estimation of the distance between the source of water and the camp is needed. 10. Please, insert the height of the tank, if present. Water storage is necessary for better managing the water supply. It enables the peak hours and unfavourable weather conditions to be coped with, which are critical especially for solar and wind pumping. Details are given in SET4food Guidelines. If there are no water storages in the camp and they are not even expected to be built, write 0. On the contrary, write its real height (or supposed height if it will be considered in the immediate future), called Discharge Head. 23

24 FINAL RANKING After question 10, a possible set-up of appropriate technologies for pumping water is reported. Note that the output of water pumping Level is not a ranking, but a possible set-up of technologies. According to the answers of the user and the features of the location, the DSS is able to suggest the most appropriate technologies among all the options reported. In the following three cases, the DSS cannot suggest a possible set-up of technologies, but only a specific way for collecting water and supplying it inside the camp: If the user has selected Rainwater in question 1, a centralized water tank coupled with an appropriate system for treating water is suggested. If the Surface Water source is more elevated than the camp and a piping system is built, the suggested solution consists of a channel, which connects the source and a centralized tank in the camp. Otherwise, if penstocks or channels are not feasible, people have to supply water manually from the source to the camp. Also in this case, installing an appropriate system for treating water is suggested. If the user has selected No source, the only way for supplying water in the camp is tankering by external providers. Generally this solution is very expensive, but in emergency conditions and non-permanent contexts, it is the only reliable way for providing people with water. Apart from these cases, the main output consists of an appropriate technological set-up for pumping water. In some cases, the most effective solution is marked as suggestion. The consultation of SET4food Guidelines, Technical sheets in particular, is highly recommended because they provide you with a deep description of the technologies listed in the output. Moreover, contact an expert for deeper analyses, such as prefeasibility analyses and for designing the system. 24

25 SAVING DATA The results of the operation, questions and answers are automatically saved by the system by clicking on --> View/Save PDF link below the ranking. RESTART TOOL For starting a new module of the DSS, click on --> Restart Tool below the ranking. 25

26 POWER GENERATION LEVEL The Power Generation module is activated in two ways in the Preliminary Level: by selecting NO to the first question; by selecting YES to the first question and YES to at least one of the other four questions. EXPLANATION OF PARTICULARLY CRITICAL QUESTIONS Each time you answer a question, you have to click the button next to get access to the following question. 1. Which of these fuels is available? This question aims at identifying which kind of fuel is available in local markets for supplying combustion engines for producing electricity. If none of fuels proposed is available, select None 2. Write an approximate cost of fuel Below the question the user should see: the list of the fuels selected in the previous question; a drop-down menu where it is possible to choose an approximated cost of the corresponding fuel in the local market. For each listed fuel, open the drop-down menu and select the value of cost, which better approximates the real price of the corresponding fuel available in the local market. 5. Is it possible to install an anemometer? 26

27 An affirmative answer means that is it possible to install an instrument for collecting wind data (see the figure below) on the roof of a building almost 10 m high for 12 months at least. If thefts frequently occur or risks of damages are high, select NO. These question means that if a data collection campaign is not available, wind generators are not suggested. 6. Which is the annual value of the wind speed [m/s]? Check the value of wind speed at 10 meters in the selected location by consulting the NASA Database through the following procedure. Then, select the correct range suggested in the drop-down menu below the question. Consulting NASA Database Go to the RETScreen Data portal developed by NASA (direct link: Insert your Latitude and Longitude coordinates in the corresponding fields and then click Submit. A table with different climatic parameters and the corresponding values are reported for each month of the year. Focus on the fifth column (fifth parameter) named Wind speed. Look for the value in the last row (Annual). Verify the value is lower than 2 m/s, between 2 m/s and 5 m/s, higher than 5 m/s. 27

28 7. Indicate the irradiation correspondent to the area of the camp Below the question the user should see: The user should: view solar irradiation map link; drop-down menu where it is possible to choose the corrected value corresponding to the selected location; click on view solar irradiation map link: a map of the world will appear; locate the camp in the map; every irradiation-area has a different grey colour and is surrounded by a dotted line with a number that corresponds to the avarage annual solar irradiation of the area. Check the irradiation area which marks the camp and record the value of irradiation; open the drop-down menu and select the corresponding value found before on the map; Example: if the camp is located in Africa on the Red Sea, the referring irradiation-area is the one marked with the darkest grey colour and with an avarage annual solar irradiation of 2.09 TWh/km 2. 28

29 11. Is the river of great dimensions? An affirmative answer means that the river is 10 m large at least. 12. Could you please do the 'leaf-test' (explained below)? An affirmative answer means that the user can put a leaf (or similar) on the free surface of the stream/river and measure the time (in seconds) it takes to travel a straight path (ex: ten meters). Then calculate the speed dividing the distance (in meter) by the time (in seconds). 13. According to the leaf-test the speed is: 29

30 Below the question the user should see a drop-down menu where he/she has the possibility to choose the correct range of speeds of the river based on the results of the leaf test. 14. Has the river a drop? Which height? This question appears if the user selected NO to question 11 (Is the river of great dimensions?) or NO at question 12 (Could you please do the 'leaf-test' (explained below)?). Below the question the user should see a drop-down menu where it is possible to select if the river has a fall and its height. 15. Could you please quantify the percentage of energy demand during the night on a daily basis? [%] On a daily basis, specify the percentage of energy demand once the sun is set. e.g. if half of energy consumptions occurs during the night, write Is it possible a strength cooperation inside the camp in sharing energy among local people? This question is devoted to evaluate if minimal conditions required in order to deploy a microgrid are present. The realization of a microgrid requires a complex technical design of the system (for this task a specialist is required), nevertheless on-site logistic and social condition has also to be evaluated in order to check the feasibility of a community energy infrastructure. FINAL RANKING After question 16, an ordered ranking is generated. In the ranking, technologies are ordered based on their Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). An economic assessment of the cost to build and operate a powergenerating asset over its lifetime divided by the total power output of the asset over that lifetime. 30

31 The consultation of SET4food Guidelines, Technical sheets in particular, is highly recommended because they provide you with a deep description of the technologies listed in the output. Moreover, contact an expert for deeper analyses, such as prefeasibility analyses and for designing the system. SAVING DATA The results of the operation, questions and answers are automatically saved by the system by clicking on --> View/Save PDF link below the ranking. RESTART TOOL For starting a new module of the DSS, click on --> Restart Tool below the ranking. 31

32 TROUBLESHOOTING If the user could not complete the DSS, nor restart the tool nor view the PDF file due to a possible message of error, it is necessary to clear the cache of the browser. Possible Error messages HOW TO CLEAR CACHE AND COOKIES The instructions for clearing cache and cookies can be found by clicking on the name of the browser used: Google Chrome Mozilla Firefox Windows Internet Explorer Opera Apple Safari 32