Anaerobic Digestion and Bioplastics: a Strong Alliance for Optimal Food Waste Capture Rates, Higher Biogas Yields and Quality Compost Production
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1 Anaerobic Digestion and Bioplastics: a Strong Alliance for Optimal Food Waste Capture Rates, Higher Biogas Yields and Quality Compost Production AD Europe February 2014 Dublin, Ireland Christian Garaffa Novamont S.p.A.
2 Outline 1. Mater-Bi biopolymers and compostable bags 2. The collection of municipal food waste 3. The treatment phase in AD and composting
3 Outline 1. Mater-Bi biopolymers and compostable bags 2. The collection of municipal food waste 3. The treatment phase in AD and composting
4 Mater-Bi Compostable Resins Mater-Bi biopolymers & compostable bags
5 Mater-Bi Compostable Resins Mater-Bi biopolymers & compostable bags
6 Mater-Bi Compostable Resins Mater-Bi biopolymers & compostable bags
7 Food waste collection with Mater-Bi compostable bags 1992 First Mater-Bi collection in Fürstenfeldbruck (D) 1993 First Mater-Bi collection in Bellusco (I) Mid 90s Northern Italy, Norway End 90s San Francisco, Catalonia (Spain), Austria 2000s 2007 U.K., Belgium, Switzerland, Canada, U.S. Catia Bastioli of Novamont awarded European Inventor of the Year by EPO Mater-Bi biopolymers & compostable bags
8 Optimizing Organic Waste Management AREA 1 COLLECTION FOOD WASTE AREA 2 TREATMENT ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AREA 3 RENEWABLE ENERGY CHP GRID High Yields Low Emissions Low Residues High Yields Low Emissions AREA 4 QUALITY COMPOST GREEN WASTE Stable products Low Contaminants COMPOSTING Mature Compost Low Emissions Low Residues Mater-Bi biopolymers & compostable bags
9 Outline 1. Mater-Bi biopolymers and compostable bags 2. The collection of municipal food waste 3. The treatment phase in AD and composting
10 Performance Key Factors: Participation and capture rates Quality (low contaminants) The collection of municipal food waste
11 City of Milan 4. North West June North East December South West November South East June Inhab inhab./km 2 Residential Food Waste Collection roll out over a period of 18 months Average Capture Rate: 1,70 kg/inhab*week = 90 kg/ihnab.*y Largest residential food waste collection scheme on the planet The collection of municipal food waste
12 Kg/inhab*week City of Milan: Capture Rates 20/11/12 24/06/13 09/12/13 2,50 2,00 1,50 1,70 kg/inhab.*y 1,00 0,50 0, Weeks South-West, November 2012 South-East, June 2013 North East, December 2013 Average Capture Rate The collection of municipal food waste
13 Kg/inhab*year Benchmarking Biowaste Captures kg/inhab.*y kg/inhab.*y Barcelona Vienna Munich London Hamburg Berlin Milan Biobin kg/inhab.*y Green waste kg/inhab.*y Biobin Milan 2013 Biobin Milan 2014 The collection of municipal food waste
14 City of Milan: Diversion 13,7% Efficiency of food waste diversion in the City of Milan (% on total potential) 19,2% 67,1% Residential food waste Small businesses Organics in residual Per capita average food waste production in Lombardy: 104,3 kg/inhab.*y Per capita average food waste captured in Milan: 90 kg/inhab.*y Estimated diversion of organics from residual waste: 86,3% The collection of municipal food waste
15 Quality Monitoring The collection of municipal food waste
16 Food waste in compostable bags The collection of municipal food waste
17 Food Waste Analyses The collection of municipal food waste
18 The collection of municipal food waste
19 Compostable bags The collection of municipal food waste
20 Food Scraps The collection of municipal food waste
21 Contaminants: Metals The collection of municipal food waste
22 Contaminants: Diapers The collection of municipal food waste
23 Contaminants: Plastics The collection of municipal food waste
24 Weighing Fractions The collection of municipal food waste
25 Contaminants (% in weight) City of Milan: quality 10,0% 9,0% 8,0% 7,0% 6,0% 5,0% 4,0% 4,27 % 3,0% 2,0% 1,0% 0,0% City center Outskirts Social housing Total average 2 months after roll out 8 months after roll out 14 months after roll out Total average Average Contamination The collection of municipal food waste
26 Outline 1. Mater-Bi biopolymers and compostable bags 2. The collection of municipal food waste 3. The treatment phase in AD and composting
27 3 case studies: technology and pretreatment Technology Supplier Vs. Pretreatment Size Reduction Screening Pressing Wet X X X Dry plug flow X X Dry batch X Pretreatment typically generates residues (not entering fermentation process) usually greater than 10% by weight of incoming feedstock With low input contamination, these materials are largely biogenic and are potentially suitable for composting Compstable plastics behave like this biogenic materials Bioplastics: is it all about digestibility or rather about proper pre-processing and post-treatment? The treatment phase in AD and composting
28 Bioplastics: possible routes BIOWASTE PRE-TREATMENT COMPOSTABLE PLASTICS SORTED OUT YES Rejects SUITABLE FOR COMPOSTING NO ROUTE 3 EfW / DISPOSAL NO ROUTE 1 YES ROUTE 2 Digestate BIOGAS ANAEROBIC DIGESTION COMPOSTING COMPOST The treatment phase in AD and composting
29 Wet AD: compostable bags skipping digestion and going to composting Technology Enbasys + Feedstock FW 75% - GW 25% + Case Study #1 Bioman Spa, Maniago - Italy Capacity t/y
30 Food Waste Delivery Case Study #1 #1 Biomant Spa - Maniago - Italy
31 Bag opening (shredding) Case Study #1 #1 Biomant Spa - Maniago - Italy
32 Delivery to drum screen Case Study #1 #1 Biomant Spa - Maniago - Italy
33 > 80 mm < 80 mm Case Study #1 #1 Biomant Spa - Maniago - Italy
34 Pressing of fraction < 80 mm Case Study #1 #1 Biomant Spa - Maniago - Italy
35 Pressed dry fraction < 80 mm Case Study #1 #1 Biomant Spa - Maniago - Italy
36 Pressed dry fraction < 80 mm Case Study #1 #1 Biomant Spa - Maniago - Italy
37 Pressed liquid fraction Case Study #1 #1 Biomant Spa - Maniago - Italy
38 Pressed liquid fraction to digesters Case Study Case #1 #1 Study Biomant #1 SESA Spa - spa Maniago - Este - Italy
39 Case Study #1 Bioman Spa - Maniago - Italy
40 Digestate solid liquid separation Case Study #1 Bioman Spa - Maniago - Italy
41 Mixing > 80 mm + pressed < 80 mm + overs from compost refining Case Study #1 Bioman Spa - Maniago - Italy
42 Tunnel composting Case Study #1 Bioman Spa - Maniago - Italy
43 Finished compost Refining overs Non compostable plastics (3 to 5%) Case Study #1 Bioman Spa - Maniago - Italy
44 BAG SPLITTING SCREENING (80 mm) Finer Fraction PRESSING (10 mm) ANAEROBIC DIGESTION DEWATERING Process Water WATER TREATMENT FOOD WASTE IN COMPOSTABLE BAGS Liquid Fraction Whole Digestate Clean Water Sludge SIZE REDUCTION Oversize Fraction Solid Fraction BIOGAS Solid Digestate GREEN WASTE Oversize Fraction Residues EfW ACTIVE COMPOSTING (21 DAYS) MATURATION (30 DAYS) STORAGE REFINING QUALITY COMPOST Case Study #1 Bioman Spa - Maniago - Italy
45 Dry plug flow AD, compostable bags going partly through digestion and partly to composting Technology Strabag + Feedstock Commingled GW and FW + Case Study #2 Syndicat Minett-Kompost - Luxembourg Capacity t/y
46 SIZE REDUCTION SCREENING (80 mm) PRE-AERATION (2-3 DAYS) SIZE REDUCTION ANAEROBIC DIGESTION DEWATERING Process Water MIXED FOOD AND GREEN WASTE Whole Digestate Solid Digestate BIOGAS WATER TREATMENT Oversize Fraction Oversize Fraction Residues EfW COMPOSTING (3 WEEKS) REFINING (10 mm) QUALITY COMPOST Case Study #2 Syndicat Minett-Kompost - Luxembourg
47 Delivered feedstock: GW+FW Case Study #2 Syndicat Minett-Kompost - Luxembourg
48 Food waste in Mater-Bi bags Case Study #2 Syndicat Minett-Kompost - Luxembourg
49 Shredding Screening Case Study #2 Syndicat Minett-Kompost - Luxembourg
50 < 80 mm Case Study #2 Syndicat Minett-Kompost - Luxembourg
51 > 80 mm Case Study #2 Syndicat Minett-Kompost - Luxembourg
52 BIOGAS PRE-TREATED WASTE EXTRACTION SYSTEM Calibrator DEWATERING RESIDUE PLUG FLOW REACTOR Press Water Case Study #2 Syndicat Minett-Kompost - Luxembourg
53 Digester feeding Case Study #2 Syndicat Minett-Kompost - Luxembourg
54 Mixers Case Study #2 Syndicat Minett-Kompost - Luxembourg
55 Tunnel composting Case Study #2 Syndicat Minett-Kompost - Luxembourg
56 Dry batch AD, compostable bags going entirely into digestion and subsequent composting. Technology Smartferm + Feedstock FW (70%), GW (30%) + Compostable food service ware + Case Study #3 Zero Waste Energy and MRWMD, Monterey - California Capacity t/y
57 Unloading on green mulch Case Study #3 Zero Waste Energy and MRWMD - Monterey - California
58 Manual bag opening Case Study #3 Zero Waste Energy and MRWMD - Monterey - California
59 Compostable food service ware Case Study #3 Zero Waste Energy and MRWMD - Monterey - California
60 Mixing with green waste Case Study #3 Zero Waste Energy and MRWMD - Monterey - California
61 Mixing with green waste Case Study #3 Zero Waste Energy and MRWMD - Monterey - California
62 Loading storage Case Study #3 Zero Waste Energy and MRWMD - Monterey - California
63 Stored feedstock Case Study #3 Zero Waste Energy and MRWMD - Monterey - California
64 Composting of Fresh digestate Case Study #3 Zero Waste Energy and MRWMD - Monterey - California
65 Maturation Case Study #3 Zero Waste Energy and MRWMD - Monterey - California
66 Screened compost Case Study #3 Zero Waste Energy and MRWMD - Monterey - California
67 Screened compost Case Study #3 Zero Waste Energy and MRWMD - Monterey - California
68 BAG OPENING MIXING 70/30 STORAGE 40 C (3-4 DAYS) ANAEROBIC DIGESTION FOOD WASTE AND COMPOSTABLE FOOD SERVICE WARE IN COMPOSTABLE BAGS BIOGAS SHREDDING Whole Digestate Residues GREEN WASTE Oversize Fraction DISPOSAL ACTIVE COMPOSTING (14 DAYS) MATURATION (45 DAYS) REFINING MATURE QUALITY COMPOST Case Study #3 Zero Waste Energy and MRWMD - Monterey - California
69 Conclusions Certified biodegradable and compostable bioplastics are a key factor for efficient participation and capture rates in municipal food waste collection schemes Combining AD and composting gives the best results as to: - renewable energy and quality compost production - reduction of emissions and solid residues Bioplastics behave as many other biogenic non digestible materials do Suitability of bioplastics in AD, depends not only on anaerobic biodegradation features but also on proper set up of pre- and posttreatment at the facility This synergy is shown in various real scale case studies in Europe and North America
70 Thank You Contact us for more information and interesting videos Christian Garaffa
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