Water Quality Assessment for Direct Potable Reuse

Transcription

1 Water Quality Assessmet for Direct Potable Reuse R.Rhodes Trussell Chairma & Fouder, Trussell Techologies, Ic. Aual NWRI Clarke Prize Coferece November 4, 2016 NWRI Clarke Prize Coferece

2 Let s take a closer look from the perspective of our most importat categories of water quality Pathoges & Chemicals

3 We Believe the Most Importat Issue i Potable Reuse is Waterbore Disease Thaks to Joh Sow The Miracle of Water Treatmet 35 Cases per 1,000,000 Persos

4 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04 Desity Pathoges/L Desity, Pathoges/L Gettig Perspective o Risk of Gastroitestial Disease CA Max. (Viruses & Giardia) CA Max. (Cryptosporidium) 1.E+03 1.E+02 1.E+01 1.E+00 1.E-01 1.E-02 1.E-03 1.E-04 1.E-05 1.E-06 1.E-07 Viruses Giardia Goal-V Goal-G CA Goal Giardia CA Goal viruses CA Goal Cryptosporidium Crypto V-SWTR G-SWTR C-LT2 DDW-Max DDW-Max Goal-C 6 plat survey by Rose et al Fractio equal or less tha Fractio Equal to or Less Tha

5 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04 Desity Pathoges/L Desity, Pathoges/L Gettig Perspective o Risk of Gastroitestial Disease CA Max. (Viruses & Giardia) CA Max. (Cryptosporidium) 1.E+03 1.E+02 1.E+01 1.E+00 1.E-01 1.E-02 1.E-03 1.E-04 1.E-05 1.E-06 1.E-07 Rage of values Implicated by SWTR & LT2 Viruses Giardia Goal-V Goal-G CA Goal Giardia CA Goal viruses CA Goal Cryptosporidium Crypto V-SWTR G-SWTR C-LT2 DDW-Max DDW-Max Goal-C 6 plat survey by Rose et al Fractio equal or less tha Fractio Equal to or Less Tha

6 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04 Desity Pathoges/L Desity, Pathoges/L Gettig Perspective o Risk of Gastroitestial Disease CA Max. (Viruses & Giardia) CA Max. (Cryptosporidium) 1.E+03 1.E+02 1.E+01 1.E+00 1.E-01 1.E-02 1.E-03 1.E-04 1.E-05 1.E-06 1.E-07 Rage of values Implicated by SWTR & LT2 Viruses Giardia Goal-V Goal-G CA Goal Giardia CA Goal viruses CA Goal Cryptosporidium Crypto V-SWTR G-SWTR C-LT2 DDW-Max DDW-Max Goal-C 6 plat survey by Rose et al Fractio equal or less tha Fractio Equal to or Less Tha

7 1.E+06 1.E+05 1.E+04 Desity Pathoges/L Desity, Pathoges/L Gettig Perspective o Risk of Gastroitestial Disease CA Max. (Viruses & Giardia) CA Max. (Cryptosporidium) 1.E+03 1.E+02 1.E+01 1.E+00 1.E-01 1.E-02 1.E-03 1.E-04 1.E-05 1.E-06 1.E-07 Rage of values Implicated by SWTR & LT2 Viruses Giardia Goal-V Goal-G CA Goal Giardia CA Goal Cryptosporidium CA Goal viruses 10-Log Giardia 12-Log Giardia 10-Log Crypto Crypto V-SWTR G-SWTR C-LT2 DDW-Max DDW-Max Goal-C 6 plat survey by Rose et al Fractio equal or less tha Fractio Equal to or Less Tha

8 Assessig the cotrol of pathoges

9 Pathoge Cotrol i Direct Potable Reuse Source Cotrol Secodary/Terti ary Treatmet Ozoe BAC Membrae Filtratio Reverse Osmosis Ultraviolet Light/Advaced Oxidatio Free Chlorie

10 Source Cotrol Pathoge Cotrol i Direct Potable Reuse Secodary/Terti ary Treatmet Ozoe BAC Membrae Filtratio Reverse Osmosis Ultraviolet Light/Advaced Oxidatio Free Chlorie CCPs

11 Source Cotrol Assessig Pathoge Cotrol i Direct Potable Reuse Secodary/Terti ary Treatmet Ozoe BAC Membrae Filtratio Reverse Osmosis Ultraviolet Light/Advaced Oxidatio Free Chlorie CCPs Surrogate LRV Surrogate LRV Surrogate LRV Surrogate LRV Surrogate LRV Surrogate LRV Viruses Turb 1.9 to 2.2 Ct > EC/TOC 1 to 2 UVT>95% EED 6 Ct 6 Giardia Turb 0.8 to 2.2 Ct > 6 PDT 4 EC/TOC 1 to 2 UVT>95% EED 6 Ct 6 Cryptosporidium Turb 1 to 1.5 Ct 1 to 2 PDT 4 EC/TOC 1 to 2 UVT>95% EED 6

12 Source Cotrol Assessig Pathoge Cotrol i Direct Potable Reuse Secodary/Terti ary Treatmet Ozoe BAC Membrae Filtratio Reverse Osmosis Ultraviolet Light/Advaced Oxidatio Free Chlorie CCPs Surrogate LRV Surrogate LRV Surrogate LRV Surrogate LRV Surrogate LRV Surrogate LRV Total LRV DDW Miimum Viruses Turb 1.9 to 2.2 Ct > EC/TOC 1 to 2 UVT>95% EED 6 Ct 6 20 to Giardia Turb 0.8 to 2.2 Ct > 6 PDT 4 EC/TOC 1 to 2 UVT>95% EED 6 Ct 6 23 to Cryptosporidium Turb 1 to 1.5 Ct 1 to 2 PDT 4 EC/TOC 1 to 2 UVT>95% EED 6 13 to

13 Source Cotrol Assessig Pathoge Cotrol i Direct Potable Reuse Secodary/Terti ary Treatmet Ozoe BAC Membrae Filtratio Reverse Osmosis Ultraviolet Light/Advaced Oxidatio Free Chlorie CCPs Surrogate LRV Surrogate LRV Surrogate LRV Surrogate LRV Surrogate LRV Surrogate LRV Total LRV DDW Miimum Viruses SS 1.9 to 2.2 Ct > EC/TOC 1 to 2 UVT>95% EED 6 Ct 6 20 to Giardia SS 0.8 to 2.2 Ct > 6 PDT 4 EC/TOC 1 to 2 UVT>95% EED 6 Ct 6 23 to Cryptosporidium SS 1 to 1.5 Ct 1 to 2 PDT 4 EC/TOC 1 to 2 UVT>95% EED 6 13 to Process trai as a example we kow how to do this

14 Chemicals

15 Chemicals 1.Toxic chemicals (e.g. 129 priority pollutats) 2.Trace Orgaics: CECs Pharmaceuticals, persoal Care Products, etc. 3.Dissolved orgaic matter TOC, NOM, EfOM 4.Trasformatio products (esp. DBPs)

16 Chemicals 1.Toxic chemicals (e.g. 129 priority pollutats) 2.Trace Orgaics: CECs Pharmaceuticals, persoal Care Products, etc. 3.Dissolved orgaic matter TOC, NOM, EfOM 4.Trasformatio products (esp. DBPs)

17 The Sigificace of Time of Exposure: Chemicals vs Pathoges At the levels foud i used water: Pathoges ofte cause effects followig just oe exposure But chemicals oly have effects after prologed Exposure Life-time exposure Oe time exposure

18 The Sigificace of Time of Exposure: Acute chemicals vs Pathoges Eve the acute effects from chemicals foud i used water occur over a differet time-scale of exposure Exposure, 30-d+ Oe time exposure

19 Source Cotrol Cotrol of Chemicals i Direct Potable Reuse Secodary/Tertiar y Treatmet Ozoe BAC Membrae Filtratio Reverse Osmosis Ultraviolet Light/Advaced Oxidatio Free Chlorie

20 Source Cotrol Cotrol of Chemicals i Direct Potable Reuse Secodary/Tertiar y Treatmet Ozoe BAC Membrae Filtratio Reverse Osmosis Ultraviolet Light/Advaced Oxidatio Free Chlorie Regulatio & Moitorig Physical Removal Oxidatio Physical Removal Size exclusio Size Exclusio Oxidatio Oxidatio Biodegradatio Chemical Iactivatio Biodegradatio Photolysis Chemical Iactivatio Adsorptio Adsorptio There are a lot of tools i play

21 Cotrol of Chemicals i Direct Potable Reuse Source Cotrol Secodary/Tertiar y Treatmet Ozoe BAC Membrae Filtratio Reverse Osmosis Ultraviolet Light/Advaced Oxidatio Free Chlorie Regulatio & Moitorig Physical Removal Oxidatio Physical Removal Size exclusio Size Exclusio Oxidatio Oxidatio Biodegradatio Chemical Iactivatio Biodegradatio Photolysis Chemical Iactivatio Adsorptio Adsorptio But RO is far ad away the most importat where chemical cotamiats are cocered

22 Removal Prelimiary results lookig at rejectio of ucharged compouds of various molecular weights 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Boro Silica 128 amu 1,4-dioxae 88 amu NDMA 74 amu OCWD Sugar 342 amu 0% Ethaol 46 amu Molecular Weight

23 Removal Prelimiary results lookig at rejectio of ucharged compouds of various molecular weights 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Boro Silica 128 amu 1,4-dioxae 88 amu NDMA 74 amu OCWD Sugar 342 amu 0% Ethaol 46 amu Molecular Weight

24 Five year record of TOC i FPW at GWRS 1 Expert Pael report, Aug. 2016

25 SOP for TOC Spikes at GWRS TOC Excursios GWRS SOP for TOC Spikes Appedix D: TOC Decisio Chart 23 T O C S t a t i s t i c a l A a l y s i s

26 Water Regulated Forms of Potable I CA Future Forms of Potable Reuse Beig Discussed Groudwater Augmetatio Surface Spreadig (Ch3, Article 5.1) 2dry Treatme t Subsurface Ijectio (Ch 3, Article 5.2) 2dry Treatme t Surface Water Augmetatio (Ch 3, Article 5.3 & Ch 17, Article 9 both i draft) 2dry Treatme t Tertiary Treatme t Advace d Treatme t Advaced Treatme t Surface Spreadig Ijectio well Groudwater Aquifer Groudwater Aquifer Reservoir Extractio well Extractio well Reservoir Augmetatio (soo) Source water Augmetatio Small reservoir Aqueduct 2dry Treatme t 2dry Treatme t 2dry Treatme t Advace d Treatme t Advace d Treatme t Direct Distributio Small Reservoir New, Advaced Potable Water Treatmet Source water Aqueduct AWT water as a approved drikig water supply Potable Water Treatmet Plat Chloriatio Chloriatio Potable Water Treatmet Plat Potable Water Treatmet Plat Water Cosume rs Water Cosum ers Water Cosume rs Water Cosume rs Cosume rs Water Cosume rs Closer

27 Water Quality Assessmet See From a Bird s Eye

28 Direct Potable Reuse [with extra reliability built i] Used water collectio with Ehaced Source Cotrol WRP AWT Clearwell Features i system to prevet failure (Multiple Barriers provide Redudacy ad Robustess) - Ehaced source cotrol - Extra removal capacity - Use of barriers with diverse treatmet methods - Use of cotiuous moitorig at each critical cotrol poit Commuity drikig water Supply

29 Direct Potable Reuse [with extra reliability ad provisios to overcome failure] Ehaced Cotiuous Moitorig Traditio al Water Source per SDWA Remote water storage Aqueduct s Local water storage Used water collectio with Ehaced Source Cotrol WRP AWT Clearwell DWTP Ocea Disposal Diversios Clearwell Additioal features i system to respod to failure (Resiliecy) - Stad-by capacity - Redudat capacity i traditioal drikig water system - Redudat capacity i traditioal wastewater disposal - Ehaced moitorig to detect failure - Ability to divert off-spec water Commuity drikig water Supply

30 Direct Potable Reuse [with extra reliability ad provisios to overcome failure] Ehaced Cotiuous Moitorig Traditio al Water Source per SDWA Remote water storage Aqueduct s Local water storage Used water collectio with Ehaced Source Cotrol WRP AWT Clearwell DWTP Ocea Disposal Diversios Clearwell Additioal features i system to respod to failure (Resiliecy) - Stad-by capacity - Redudat capacity i traditioal drikig water system - Redudat capacity i traditioal wastewater disposal - Ehaced moitorig to detect failure Commuity drikig water Supply

31 Direct Potable Reuse [with extra reliability ad provisios to overcome failure] Ehaced Cotiuous Moitorig Traditio al Water Source per SDWA Remote water storage Aqueduct s Local water storage Used water collectio with Ehaced Source Cotrol WRP AWT Clearwell DWTP Ocea Disposal Diversios Clearwell Additioal features i system to respod to failure (Resiliecy) - Stad-by capacity - Redudat capacity i traditioal drikig water system - Redudat capacity i traditioal wastewater disposal - Ehaced moitorig to detect failure - Ability to divert off-spec water Commuity drikig water Supply

32 Direct Potable Reuse [with extra reliability ad provisios to overcome failure] Ehaced Cotiuous Moitorig Traditio al Water Source per SDWA Remote water storage Aqueduct s Local water storage Used water collectio with Ehaced Source Cotrol WRP AWT Clearwell DWTP Ocea Disposal Diversios Clearwell Additioal features i system to respod to failure (Resiliecy) - Stad-by capacity Commuity drikig water Supply - Redudat capacity i traditioal drikig water system - Redudat capacity i traditioal wastewater disposal - Ehaced moitorig to detect failure - Ability to divert off-spec water = etry deial based o moitorig

33 I Summary we ca do it with today s tools We have goals that are protective Pathoge risk below 10-4 ifectio/perso/year Chemicals below drikig water levels We have a cadidate process trai We have experiece What we eed: Experiece operatig all these pieces together Operators traied for this ew challege

34 What about the future? We ll be able to build more efficiet systems i the future today: We have extra LRVs to assure reliability We remove all the chemicals to ND We eed redudacy i both the DW supply ad WW disposal

35 What about the future? We ll be able to build more efficiet systems i the future today: We have extra LRVs to assure reliability We remove all the chemicals to ND We eed redudacy i both the DW supply ad WW disposal Early adoptors will eed to do more Early Adopters Pragmatists Coservatives Laggards

36 What about the future? We ll be able to build more efficiet systems i the future today: We have extra LRVs to assure reliability We remove all the chemicals to ND We eed redudacy i both the DW supply ad WW disposal Early adoptors will eed to do more It seems likely we will move forward oe step at a time