Introduction to the GCEP Carbon Capture and Separation Workshop

Transcription

1 Stanford University Global Climate & Energy Project April 27, 2004 Introduction to the GCEP Carbon Capture Separation Workshop Lynn Orr

2 Global Climate & Energy Project A research project to develop new technology options for a low GHG future. Industrially sponsored: ExxonMobil, General Electric, Toyota, Schlumberger Ten-year project seeking options for the year time frame. Defining what is possible is a key element developing ideas for new options. The objective this meeting is to consider what is possible in the area CO 2 separations. April 27, 2004 GCEP Carbon Capture Separation Workshop 2

3 The Gr Challenge Needs Growth Growth in in world world population to to 9 billion billion from from 6 billion, billion, which which 2 billion billion people people currently have have no no access access to to modern energy energy systems Improved stard living living in in growing economies developing world world Increased dems for for energy, energy, food, food, l, l, materials. Protection, Restoration, Improvement the the Planetary Biogeochemical Systems Component Challenges Water Water supply supply Agricultural systems (strongly linked linked to to water water supply) supply) Energy (with (with possible limits limits on on CO CO 2 2 emission) April 27, 2004 GCEP Carbon Capture Separation Workshop 3

4 Global Geochemical History Year Concentrations GHGs GHGshave risen risen significantly over over the the preindustrial levels. levels. Surface ocean ocean ph ph has has also also declined by by as as additional CO CO 2 2 dissolved. Source: IPCC Third Assessment Report, 2001 April 27, 2004 GCEP Carbon Capture Separation Workshop 4

5 Future Projections Temperature Change ( C) A1B A1T A1FI A2 B1 B2 IS92a (TAR method) Several models all SRES envelope Model ensemble all SRES envelope Year Bars show the range in 2100 produced by several models IPCC 3 rd Assessment Report (2001) Projected Global Temperature Change April 27, 2004 GCEP Carbon Capture Separation Workshop 5

6 The Need for Technology Assumed Advances In: In: Fossil Fossil Fuels Fuels Energy Energy intensity Nuclear Renewables The Gap Gap Gap Technologies: Carbon Carbon capture & disposal Adv. Adv. fossil fossil H 2 Adv. 2 Adv. Transportation Biotechnologies Soils, Soils, Bioenergy, Bioenergy, Adv. Adv. Biological Biological Energy Energy Source: J. Edmonds, PNNL April 27, 2004 GCEP Carbon Capture Separation Workshop 6

7 The GCEP R&D Program to Generate Technology Options The The Global Global Climate Energy Energy Project Project (GCEP) was was established to to conduct pre-commercial research necessary to to develop the the technology options options needed to to address the the gap gap It It represents a long-term commitment to to developing step-out technologies that that may may have have a significant impact impact on on a global global scale scale $225M $225M commitment commitment over over a a tenyear tenyear period period External Institutions in US Worldwide Technology Options for Growth in Energy Use With Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions That May Operate at Significant Scale April 27, 2004 GCEP Carbon Capture Separation Workshop 7

8 Portfolio Areas GCEP mate includes 11 technical areas Advanced transportation systems Electric power generation, storage, distribution Hydrogen production, distribution, use Advanced coal utilization Energy distribution systems enabling infrastructures Geoengineering Advanced nuclear power technologies Renewable energy sources (wind, solar, biomass, geothermal) CO 2 separation, capture, storage Combustion science engineering Advanced materials Technical Areas with Projects currently underway April 27, 2004 GCEP Carbon Capture Separation Workshop 8

9 Current GCEP Projects Technical Technical Support Support Technical Technical R&D R&D Portfolio Portfolio Management Management Systems Systems Analysis Analysis Technology Technology Assessments Assessments Hydrogen Hydrogen Renewables Renewables CO CO 2 Capture Adv 2 Capture Adv Materials Materials Adv Adv Transport Transport Adv Adv Electric Electric Gen Gen Adv Adv Coal Coal Use Use Adv Adv Combustion Combustion Systems Systems & Infrastr Infrastr Geoengineering Geoengineering Adv Adv Nuclear Nuclear General General Financial Financial Outreach Outreach Fuel Fuel Cells, Cells, Separations, Separations, Bio-gasification, Bio-gasification, Electrolysis, Electrolysis, Resource Resource Characterization, Characterization, Integrated Assessment Technology Options Integrated Assessment Technology Options Hydrogen, Hydrogen, Wind, Wind, Biomass, Biomass, Carbon Carbon Capture Capture Sep n Sep n Biohydrogen Biohydrogen Generation Generation H2 H2 Fuel Fuel Cells Cells Monitoring Monitoring Bioconversion Bioconversion Process Process Nanomaterial Nanomaterial Engineering Engineering for for Hydrogen Hydrogen Storage Storage Hydrogen Hydrogen Effects Effects on on Climate, Climate, Stratospheric Stratospheric Ozone, Ozone, Air Air Pollution Pollution NMR NMR Studies Studies Ceramic Ceramic Materials Materials for for Fuel Fuel Cells Cells Nanostructured Photovoltaic Cells Nanostructured Photovoltaic Cells Rapid Rapid Prediction Prediction CO2 CO2 Movement Movement in in Aquifers, Aquifers, Coal Coal Beds, Beds, Oil Oil Gas Gas Reservoirs Reservoirs Assessing Assessing Seal Seal Capacities Capacities Exploited Exploited Oil Oil Gas Gas Reservoirs, Reservoirs, Aquifers, Aquifers, Coal Coal Beds Beds for for Potential Potential Use Use in in CO CO 2 Sequestration Geophysical 2 Sequestration Geophysical Monitoring Monitoring Geologic Geologic Sequestration Sequestration Development Low Irreversibility Engines Development Low Irreversibility Engines Controlled Combustion Controlled Combustion Sensors for Advanced Combustion Systems Sensors for Advanced Combustion Systems Coal Biomass Char Reactivity Coal Biomass Char Reactivity Process Informatics Process Informatics April 27, 2004 GCEP Carbon Capture Separation Workshop 9

10 Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels supply 85 percent U.S. energy 75 percent energy globally. They will continue to be essential to the energy economies the United States the world well into the twenty-first century prudence requires having in place an adequate energy R&D effort designed to exp the array technological options relevant to the risks greenhouse gas-induced climate change. Report to the President on Federal Energy Development for the Challenges the Twenty-First Century, President s Council Advisors on Science Technology (PCAST) April 27, 2004 GCEP Carbon Capture Separation Workshop 10

11 Source: OECD/ IEA, Paris, World Energy Outlook 2002, Second Edition, November (2002) April 27, 2004 GCEP Carbon Capture Separation Workshop 11

12 United States CO 2 Emissions in 2000 Millions metric tons per year carbon equivalent 700 Natural Gas 600 Petroleum 500 Coal % 42% ~7% ~4% 14% 0 Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation Electric Source: U.S. EPA Inventory Greenhouse Gas Emissions, April 2002 Generation April 27, 2004 GCEP Carbon Capture Separation Workshop 12

13 Carbon Capture Storage Whatever transitions take place over this century, fossil fuels are likely to continue to be used for an extended period. If so, then limiting CO 2 release to the atmosphere will require some sort CO 2 capture subsequent sequestration (a topic for another day!). The challenge is a huge one: 1 billion tonnes/yr CO 2 is 25 million barrels/day at reservoir conditions. Separation technologies are critical to the success any substantial effort on CO 2 sequestration. This workshop will explore research opportunities for advanced technologies for CO 2 capture. April 27, 2004 GCEP Carbon Capture Separation Workshop 13

14 Geologic Storage CO 2 Mark Zoback, Jerry Harris, Tony Kovscek, Lynn Orr Create Create a suite suite tools tools for for design design implementation geologic sequestration projects: Site Site selection evaluation: effective methods to to assess assess the the integrity geologic seals seals that that limit limit CO CO 2 2 migration. Fluid Fluid migration: very very efficient methods for for predicting the the flow flow paths paths long-term fate fate injected CO CO Monitoring: appropriate tools tools for for monitoring the the state state injection projects at at each each stage. stage. Injection continuous shales discontinuous shales Saturation CO April 27, 2004 GCEP Carbon Capture Separation Workshop 2 14

15 Capture Options Solvent methods Solid adsorption Membranes Cryogenic separations Clathrates? April 27, 2004 GCEP Carbon Capture Separation Workshop 15

16 Questions to Ponder Today Are there opportunities for for technology research in in CO 2 separations that might lead to to game-changing options for for CO 2 capture? What elements should be be present in in a portfolio research on on CO 2 capture? Where are the best opportunities for for reductions in in the cost (energy economic) CO 2 capture? April 27, 2004 GCEP Carbon Capture Separation Workshop 16

17 Thank You! to our sponsors for making this project possible to our speakers for sharing your time, expertise, opinions with us to our faculty for considering how you can contribute to this problem global importance in your research groups to the energy community for taking time to participate in our discussions to our students for providing the ideas, energy, implementation needed to meet this challenge. April 27, 2004 GCEP Carbon Capture Separation Workshop 17

18 More Thanks Session Chairs (Jerry Harris, Mark Zoback, Tony Kovscek, Howard Herzog) Harry Johnson, SFA Pacific Kersti Miller Nancy Soval Other GCEP staff students April 27, 2004 GCEP Carbon Capture Separation Workshop 18

19 Agenda 8:30 9:00 Welcome Introduction 8:30 GCEP Introduction Workshop Objective, Lynn Orr, GCEP 9:00 10:30 Session 1: Overview, Chair: Jerry Harris 9:00 NETL Carbon Sequestration Program US Perspective on CO 2 Capture Separation, Jared Ciferno, U.S. DOE - NETL 9:30 CO 2 Separation State the Art Future Prospects, Rodney Allam, Air Products Chemicals, Inc. 10:00 Key Findings the CO 2 Capture Project (CCP), Cliff Lowe, ChevronTexaco Energy Technology Company 10:30 10:45 BREAK 10:45 12:15 Session 2: Recent Technology Developments, Chair: Anthony Kovcek 10:45 CO 2 Separation with Molecular Membrane Systems, Shingo Kazama, RITE, Japan 11:15 Solvent Development for Aqueous Absorption/Stripping Carbon Dioxide, Tim Cullinane, The University Texas at Austin 11:45 Panel Discussion 12:15 1:15 LUNCH 1:15 2:45 Session 3: Large-Scale Applications, Chair: Mark Zoback 1:15 Opportunities for Large-Scale Carbon Capture in Co-Production Liquid Fuels Power, Robert Williams, Princeton University 1:45 CO 2 Removal From Natural Gas, Rusty Kelley, ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company 2:15 MHI s Flue Gas CO 2 Recovery Technology, Masaki Iijima, Mitsbubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. 2:45 3:00 BREAK 3:00 5:30 Session 4: Novel Technological Approaches, Chair: Howard Herzog, MIT 3:00 Carbon Dioxide Separation from Multi-Component Gas Streams Using Clathrate-Hydrates, Robert Currier, Los Alamos National Laboratory 3:30 Development Regenerable, Sodium-Based Sorbents for CO 2 Capture, Raghubir Gupta, Research Triangle Institute 4:00 Novel Vortex Membranes for CO 2 Capture Separation, Joseph Perkowski, INEEL 4:30 Panel Discussion Research Opportunities, Howard Herzog, MIT 5:00 Concluding Remarks / Adjourn, Lynn Orr, GCEP April 27, 2004 GCEP Carbon Capture Separation Workshop 19