Zero Net Energy Buildings: Practices, Policies and Performance

Transcription

1 Zero Net Energy Buildings: Practices, Policies and Performance Thomas Piette State of California, Dept. of General Services, Energy & Environmental Section Cathy Higgins Research Director, New Buildings Institute Dian Grueneich Founder and Principal, Dian Grueneich Consulting, LLC Porus Sam Antia Associate - Building Simulation - Manager, Stantec Consulting Inc.

2 Zero Net Energy Buildings: Practices, Policies and Performance California Green Technology Summit April 9, 2014 Thomas Piette LEED AP Supervising Architect, State of California

3 Zero Net Energy Conventional Design California has the most ZNE buildings in the US

4 ZNE Fast Facts Emerging world-wide movement Adaptable to most climate zones Incremental costs are reasonable, compared to high-quality conventional buildings Possible using off the shelf technologies & best practices Technological advances will enhance ZNE

5 Zero Net or Net Zero? ZNE Zero Net Energy (West Coast) ZNEB Zero Net Energy Buildings NZE Net Zero Energy (East of the Rockies) ZEB Zero Energy Buildings

6 Components of ZNE USE GRID AS A BATTERY NET METERING OF IMPORT & EXPORT RENEWABLE POWER ON SITE HIGHLY EFFICIENT BUILDING DESIGN & OPERATION

7 Loading order to achieve ZNE Renewable Energy Weather Photovoltaic Wind Bio-gas Bio-mass On-site or Remote? Occupant Behavior Plug Loads Task Lights Windows Unnecessary uses? Building Operations Occupancy Set points Outside air Schedules Off-hours ops Appliances Computers Monitors Flat screens Refrigerators Copiers Coffee pots Systems Design HVAC Lighting Hot water Elevators Process Loads Building Design Siting Envelope Daylighting Glazing Ventilation

8 The many definitions of ZNE Site ZNE A building that produces at least as much renewable energy as it consumes over the course of one year, when accounted for at the site. Source Energy ZNE GHG Emissions ZNE Value of Energy ZNE Time of use Some definitions include factors such as water, off-site generation, transportation, embodied energy, etc.

9 Draft of CEC/CPUC ZNE Definition A Zero Net Energy (ZNE) Code Building is one where the societal value of the amount of energy provided annually by on-site renewable energy sources is equal to the value of the energy consumed by the building at the level of a single project seeking development entitlements and building code permits, measured using the California Energy Commission s Time Dependent Valuation (TDV) metric. A ZNE Code Building meets Energy Use Intensity (EUIs) by building type and climate zone that reflect best practices for highly efficient buildings.» Combines several objectives into one single metric» Complex to understand and use

10 Who is in charge of ZNE? No centralized single entity Unlike LEED that has established protocols Terminology and definitions still being debated National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at the Federal level California Energy Commission California Public Utilities Commission Building Standards Commission Living Building Challenge

11 CEC, CPUC & BSC Strategic Plan 50% of new & renovated State Bldgs. by 2020 All new & renovated State Bldgs. by % of existing State Facilities by 2025

12 California State-owned Buildings Executive Order B and Green Building Action Plan ZNE directive 50% of new buildings & major renovations by % new buildings and major renovations by % of existing buildings by 2025

13 State of California ZNE Pilot Program Department of General Services Caltrans Department of Motor Vehicles Employment Development Department Department of Public Health California Conservation Corps

14 Federal & European Directives Federal Executive Order % of new buildings by % of new buildings by 2030 European Parliament 2010 Directive Nearly-Zero Net Energy levels All public buildings ZNE by 2018 All commercial buildings by 2020 UK has a similar program

15 Obstacles to ZNE in California Lack of awareness Misperception that it costs too much Net metering limited to 1 MW Difficult to make-up for natural gas use Goes beyond regulations & codes Occupant behavior is unpredictable Weather is unpredictable No measurement & verification protocols

16 Zero Net Energy Buildings: Practices, Policies and Performance Thomas Piette (916)