Transitioning to Sustainable Urban Water

Transcription

1 Transitioning to Sustainable Urban Water 2014 NWRI Clarke Prize Conference November 7, 2014, Huntington Beach Kalanithy Vairavamoorthy Patel College of Global Sustainability UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA

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3 Productivity requires an integrated perspective of the urban water cycle Groundwater Surface water Stormwater/ Rainwater Leakage management Black water Grey water Demand management

4 Integrated modelling allows us to connect all flows with productive uses SURFACE WATER/GROUNDWATER/DESALINATION) WATER SUPPLY RAINWATER/ STORMWATER HARVESTING IRRIGATION COMM/DOM/IND/USE KEY POTABLE WATER RAIN/STORMWATER GREYWATER REUSE WASTEWATER TREATMENT GREY WATER RECLAIMED WATER BLACK WATER RECEIVING BODY (SUSRFACE/GROUNDWATER)

5 Exploring alternative Transitioning urban water solutions to rapid population growth Water demand will at least double until 2035 NAIROBI

6 Typical solutions - import more water to meet growing needs Unit costs of US$ 0.36/m3 Demand (2010) Demand (2035) New SW-2 Existing New GW New SW-1 637X10 3 m 3 /d deficit

7 Improving productivity measure reduces unit costs Unit costs of US$ 0.31/m3 (cf. to 0.36) Demand (2010) Demand (2035) New GW Leakage Mgt. Demand Mgt. Rainwater harvesting(cluster) Greywater (Cluster) New SW-1 637X10 3 m 3 /d deficit

8 Further productivity measures can postpone investments Unit costs of US$ 0.40/m3 (cf. to 0.36) Demand (2010) 1.21 Demand (2035) New GW Leakage Mgt. Demand Mgt. Rainwater harvesting(cluster) Greywater (Cluster) Reclaimwater (Cluster) Greywater (Household) Rainwater (HH) 637X10 3 m 3 /d deficit

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10 Perspective of productive use and beneficiation Productive Use Beneficiation Tertiary: Irrigation 2nd+RO+MF: AAR Quality A Quality B Nutrient Recovery Quality C Durban Water Recycling LaDePa Machine Nitrified: Cooling RO: Refinery Biogas/CHP Mondi Algae/Biofuel SAPREF RO(x2): Refinery

11 Perspective of productive use and beneficiation Productive Use Beneficiation Reclaimed non-potable Potable Water Industry Use Surface Water Ground Water Rain Water Energy Urine Brownwater Grey water Solid waste Nutrients Hygienized Sludge Bioplastic

12 Clusters allow maximum efficiency while giving adaptive capacity A supply and treatment unit (water machine) for each district Semi central supply and treatment unit as part of clustered city structure Use scalability of treatment technology (membranes) Customized supply and treatment for each cluster Utilizing synergy effects and re-use potentials

13 Water machine to deal with growing cities - Qingdao, China 12,000 PE clusters Source separation and water quality matched to intended use Net energy positive Water Resource

14 New business models where utility provides total solution - Hamburg Demonstration project 2,000 PE Source separation Co-digestion for energy production Hamburg Water Cycle - German export

15 Cities ring-fencing central core and decentralizing in new areas Dockside Green, BC Siyuan Campus 2,500 people; Recycling, RWH, waste-to-energy Xi an new districts 18,000 students, Recycling, Comsump. down by 50% Hammarby Sjöstad Qujiang District 12,000 people, Recycling, waste-to-energy

16 Exploring opportunities to do thinks differently in emerging cities Quick growing emerging towns UGANDA

17 Look for opportunities to create new paradigms (not extended old ones) C1 C7 C2 C3 C6 C5 C4

18 Semi-centralized is cheaper? Average Annual Costs 5,148,000 US$ Average Annual Costs 3,787,000 US$

19 How do we move to more distributed systems Existing System Future System Based on Old System Future System Totally New System Graph Theory Transition Systems

20 How do we move to more distributed systems Performance Investment

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31 Sempewo, J., Vairavamoorthy, K. and Grimshaw, F. (2010)

32 Universities and water utilities occupy opposing quadrants High Implementation Urgency Low University Research Centers Water Utilities Fundamental Research Innovation & Development Adoption & Diffusion Obsolescence

33 Universities and water utilities occupy opposing quadrants High Implementation Urgency Low University Research Centers Water Utilities Fundamental Research Innovation & Development Adoption & Diffusion Obsolescence

34 Universities and water utilities occupy opposing quadrants High Implementation Urgency University Research Centers Research Foundations Engineering Companies Water Utilities Low Fundamental Research Innovation & Development Adoption & Diffusion Obsolescence

35 Need to develop collaborative platforms High Implementation Urgency University Research Centers Research Foundations Engineering Companies Water Utilities Low Fundamental Research Innovation & Development Adoption & Diffusion Obsolescence

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37 Choices Before Us Stay in Lane - Business as Usual Try Harder, Spend More for Traditional Sys What You What You Know.. Know.. Truly Different Approach What You Don t Know..

38 Thank You Kalanithy Vairavamoorthy

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40 Networks of the future will have lives of their own Smart Pipes Nano scale sensors embedded into pipes during manufacturing. Sensors monitor data on hydraulic, material, and environmental Sensors provide georeferenced data points Frictionless Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces (SLIPS) Super-thin Nanosubstrates infused with a liquid lubricant creates a smooth surface Reduced biofilm formation by 96-99% Self Healing Various strategies: capsule, vascular, intrinsic Pipes store healing agents and polymerizers that solidify when mixed Healing efficiencies 100% Repair leaking pipes using injected techn. Platelets Metje et al Epstein et al Corrosion formation Corrosion Repair White et al. 2011; Brinker 2011

41 With smart sensors asset mgnt. may become better understood Sensor Data Historical Data Big Data Analytics Embedded Sensors Monitor Pressures Velocities Temperature Water Quality Soil Conditions Material Strains Pipe Stress Pipe Condition Assessment URGENT ACTION MONITORING REQUIRED REHABILIATION PROGRAMMES NO ACTION Pipe Replacement Rehabilitation Optimal Plan

42 Smart helps manage pipe-bursts more effectively Calculate Location of Burst Optimal Valve Isolation Allen et al. 2011

43 Smart helps manage pipe-bursts more effectively Calculate Location of Burst Isolate Leak Optimal Valve Isolation Allen et al. 2011

44 Smart helps manage pipe-bursts more effectively Alert Customer Pipe Break - Location GPS - Pipe Material - Pipe Depth - Allen et al. 2011

45 Smart allows appliances to negotiate with the water market Water Demand Electric Demand Time

46 Smart allows appliances to negotiate with the water market Flattened Peak Flattened Peak Water Demand Electric Demand Time Central Control Unit

47 Imperative for Change? Biggest challenge is creating an One imperative of the main barriers for change to turning knowledge into action is the tendency to treat talking about something as equivalent In most to cities actually there doing is something well functioning about it.. but unsustainable systems Knowing-doing gap (Pfeffer and Sutton)