Regional Approach for Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste in India

Transcription

1 Regional Approach for Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste

2 Module Description This module provides an insight to the concept of regional landfills The regional approach minimizes the scope of public objections, facilitates construction of large landfill which can be managed professionally in a cost effective manner.

3 Learning Objectives Understand the technical and cost benefits of regional landfills vs. construction and management of individual landfills. To build the capacities of municipal authorities in finding suitable locations for regional landfills To create a mechanism to set up a common facility on a cost sharing basis through the formation of a society by the participating municipalities to manage the common facility.

4 Mandatory requirement to set up Scientific Engineered Landfills Restricted to non-biodegradable, inert waste and other waste that are not suitable either for recycling or for biological processing. Should be carried out for residues of waste processing facilities as well as pre-processing processing rejects from waste processing facilities. Land filling of mixed waste not allowed. Should meet the specifications as given in Schedule III of the rules.

5 Criteria for identification of suitable land for landfill site. Place Habitation Rivers/lakes/water bodies Non-meandering (canal, drainage, etc.) Highway/railway line Coastal regulation zoning Earthquake zone Flood prone area Airport Minimum Siting distance 500 meters 200 meters 30 meters 300 meters from center line. No landfill site would be permitted in the zone. 500 meters from fault line fracture Not permitted. 20 Km

6 Current Situation Cities and towns having engineered landfills Surat, Pune, AUDA, Ahmedabad, Puttur, Karwar and Navi Mumbai Constraints faced Non availability of suitable land Lack of technical know-how and finances to develop and maintain the facility scientifically Current approach of municipal authority High cost & NIMBY syndrome Lack technical manpower and adequate financial resources Approach of setting up the disposal facility in each town.

7 Concept of Regionalisation

8 Regionalisation Regionalization refers to bundling of the waste disposal needs of several towns/ cities and tackling the problem of all of them through creation of one regional facility. 1. Creating small facilities are thus usually not practical or viable. 2. Assuming per capita average waste generation to be 0.3 kg per day, this would correspond to a city a population of at least 8 to 10 lakhs (0.8 to 1 million). 3. For towns having population less than 5 lakhs, it would be economically unviable to construct disposal facilities. 4. The cost effective and viable solution lies in adoption of a regional approach to derive benefits of economy of scale.

9 Financial Benefits of Regionalization Reduction in the fixed costs per unit of waste Cost saving due to sharing of O&M cost Cost Sharing of professional management Improved bargaining power to buy better equipment and systems at lower costs

10 Technical benefits of regionalization Greater access to technical resources and professional expertise Use of large and sophisticated equipment (e.g. compactors); Stacking of waste up to greater heights that provides larger waste disposal capacity per acre of land. Cost savings in disposal and treatment. Proper planning and development of the site will help reduce the public opposition and NYMBY syndrome. Increased distances require the use of transfer stations to increase the efficiency of the transportation systems.

11 Economies of Scale - Disposal Economies of scale for treatment and disposal of waste: Indian situation City (Revenue Division) Aurangabad Latur (Aurangabad) Wardha (Nagpur) Yavatmal (Amravati) Hingoli (Hingoli) Talode (Nandurabar) Classification Corporation Class I Class I Class I B Class C Class Population (2001) 1,000, , , ,763 69,552 25,034 Waste* Tons/day Estimated cost (per ton) of waste treatment & disposal (Rs.)**

12 Opportunities of regionalization The state of Gujarat had identified 44 sites to cover 172 cities and towns in the state, the state of WB has identifies 29 sites to cover 126 cities and the state of Rajasthan has identified 71 sites to cover 183 cities and towns using satellite imagery. Other states can follow same example to z economize the cost of landfills. There are large opportunities of regionalization as large parcels of waste lands are available in most of the states which are way from the towns and can be economically utilized for the construction of a common facility for a group of towns.

13 Methodology for Establishing Regional Facilities

14 Access to satellite data for selection of appropriate large parcel of waste land Facilitate identifying regional landfill sites in the state using satellite imagery. Identify large parcels of waste land which meets the standards Prepare a state map showing various sites available in the state. Calculate the proximity to the cities from the large parcels of land available.

15 Clubbing of cities/towns Prepare cluster of cities that are closer to a suitable parcel. Make each cluster of towns totaling up to lacks population to make a viable landfill. Larger the population more viable the landfill. Case Study Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority, AUDA took an initiative to club 12 municipalities situated around the city of Ahmedabad and creating a regional facility (common facility) for integrated treatment and disposal of waste.

16 MoU between the participating cities/towns Facilitate the cities to sign MoU Authorize the society to fix the O&M cost Make it mandatory for the municipality to pay O&M cost. Create an Escrow account Review and revise the tariff from time to time.

17 Role of society Invite bids to get the design and estimate prepared for the landfill. Get the bids evaluated through experts Invite bids for the construction of landfills from qualified agencies and award contracts. Invite bids for operation & maintenance for the landfill from qualified agencies evaluate through professional and award contracts.

18 Cost sharing arrangements Fix tariff from time to time for disposal of waste. Ensure recovery from participating municipalities through an arrangement of escrow account. Have a panel clause for non payment or delayed payment. Benefits Reduced burden of finding suitable land for disposal of waste. Cost saving for landfill site & towards the O&M costs. Cost effective management of facility through professional agency. Long lasting Health and Environment benefits to the community at large

19 Regional landfill facility at AUDA, Gujarat Cities clubbed Chandkheda, Kali, Ranip, Chandlodiya, Ghatlodiya, Memnagar, Jodhpur, Vejalpur, Sarkhej, Thaltej, Bodakdev and Vastrapur Name of Nagar Palika / Gram Panchayat Waste generation/day in MT as per Municipal Record Estimated Waste 300gm/ Capita/Day Chandkheda N.P Kali N.P Ranip N.P Chandlodiya N.P Ghatlodiya N.P Memnagar N.P Jodhpur N.P Vejalpur N.P Sarkhej N.P Thaltej G.P Bodakdev G.P Vastrapur G.P. TOTAL

20 Replicability Cost effective is replicable by all municipalities in the country. Use of satellite data for preferably waste lands. Forming a society having a membership of participating municipalities. Contract for operation and maintenance of the disposal facility O&M cost paid in proportion to the waste delivered at the landfill or integrated treatment and disposal facility.