RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT in CZECH REPUBLIC

Transcription

1 RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT in CZECH REPUBLIC Vojtech Priman WATEC 4 th Meeting Vienna October 2004

2 CZECH REPUBLIC RADIOACTIVE WASTE REPOSITORY / NUCLEAR PLANT STRÁŽ LITOMERICE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT RESEARCH REACTOR SF STORAGE FACILITY LLW & ILW REPOSITORY URANIUM MINE DGR POTENTIAL SITE JÁCHYMOV KARLOVY VARY REŽ PRAHA OSTRAVA PLZEN ROŽÍNKA TEMELÍN DUKOVANY BRNO C. BUDEJOVICE VIENNA km

3 Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel Management in CR Basic legal framework the Atomic Act (No.18/1997 of Coll., adopted in 1997, amended in 2002 in order to harmonize with EU legislation) (see The concept of RW & SF Management approved by the government in 05/2002 It formulates strategy of the government and state authority for period up to 2025 with effect till the end of 21st century It reflects the Energy policy (approved in 2000, provides for the possible further development of Nuclear energy) It sets the principles to be implemented by individual ministries (Finance, Trade and Industry) It provides support for the state supervision in RW & SF Management (State Office for Nuclear Safety, SÚJB) It is a basis for planning of RAWRA (Radioactive Waste Repository Authority, SÚRAO) activities It provides a decision-making framework for RW & SF producers concerning their strategies

4 Main principles of the Concept RW & SF management provided by licenced private entities (collection, processing, storage and transportation) and by RAWRA (processing and disposal of RW & SF) LLW + ILW (short term) will be disposed in existing near surface repositories (Dukovany, Richard, Bratrství), their operation continuously assessed and optimized Long term RW and SF to be possibly disposed in a deep geological repository, for the time being to be stored at the generators site or by RAWRA Follow up on the results of research and development, depending on the technology development reprocessing or new techniques can be used in future to reduce volume or toxicity of HLW Cost connected with RW and SF disposal will be financed from the Nuclear Account managed by Ministry of Finance, accrued from the levies paid by RW & SF Generators The public will be kept informed about the concept and its achieved aims

5 Financing of Back - end in Czech republic Filling of Funds under control of CEZ NPP operation profit Reserve for SF storage direct expense Reserve for DC of NPP under control of State Nuclear Account State (old RW) Other producers Using of Funds SF storage DC of NPP responsibility & realization-cez LLW/ILW R Dukovany LLW/ILW R Richard DGR RAWRA activity responsibility-state,realization-rawra

6 Back-End Strategy in CEZ, a. s. SF to be stored in Spent Fuel Storage until handover to RAWRA for Disposal (after 2065) CEZ is going to use dry storage technology based on container systems for the spent fuel generated in its nuclear power stations CEZ does not exclude the potential use of reprocessed SF for energy generation Storage of SF until 2065 gives to CEZ a chance to change currently adopted disposal solution and accept alternative option on Spent Fuel management, depending on R & D achievements and economic factors CEZ considers the life extension of the existing nuclear power stations and, if possible and necessary, construction of a new one CEZ does not exclude the option of long-term storage of spent fuel for a hundred years, depending on future experience with long-term storage and other conditions

7 Schedule of main Back - end activities EDU operation DC SF storage DC ETE operation DC SF storage DC ILWR operation DC DGR R & D, siting construct. operation DC NewNPP operation

8 Spent Fuel Storage Dukovany SFS 600 MT HM? dry casks CASTOR 440/84 in operation since 1995 sufficient up to 2006 Dukovany SFS 1340 MT HM? under construction (2006 in operation) dry casks CASTOR 440/84M will be used both SFSs cover 40 y NPP operation Temelin SFS planned capacity 1370 MT HM 2014 in operation international EIA is under way (Austria participates) R & D CEZ realizes Long-term SF storage preparatory programme

9 RW Treatment Technologies Nuclear power plant liquid RW separation of sludge by centrifuge/sedimentation reduction of volume by evaporation bitumenization of RW concentrate final disposal in ILW Repository Dukovany solid RW collection, measurement and storage compaction/supercompaction final disposal in ILW Repository Dukovany/storage sludge, ion exchanger NPP Temelin 52% NPP Dukovany 36% collection, measurement and storage (final treatment will be chosen in future bitumenization/fixation by geopolymere/hic) Civil sector cementation, fixation in concrete (100 l drum in 200 l drum) Smalle r producers 12%

10 LLW, ILW Repository Dukovany (RW from NPP)? total volume m 3 (> drums) ~ 92% free sufficient for disposal of all LLW and ILW from both power plants, even in the case of a prolongation of their planned lifetimes by 10 years? Richard (institutional RW) total volume m 3 ~ 50% free Project Solution for closure of a chamber of the Richard repository (hydraulic cage); supported by EU

11 Uranium mining DIAMO U production MT HM in period (6th place in the World; 2500MT/y for 30 years)) mine operation will be finished in 2006, some level of U production continues as a result of a rehabilitation programme of the former ISL mine (currently approx Mt/year with a declining trend) DIAMO today and future activities reclamation of 187 hectares of sludge lagoons, filling of m 3 of stope,

12 NPP Decommissioning Operator is fully responsible for DC Decommissioning strategy for the NPP adopted by CEZ is: Safe enclosure/storage of active buildings for 50 years followed by dismantling/demolition Regular update of decommissioning method proposal (procedure) and relevant cost estimate at least once in five years (EDU 2002, ETE 2004) The update is approved by the SONS; cost estimate for updated decommissioning method proposal is verified by the RAWRA Total cost for adopted strategy Dukovany NPP, 4 units, at 2002 price billion CZK

13 R&D Projects Nuclear transmutation system SPHINX with molten fluoride salts based liquid fuel ( , MI&T CR) Participation in 6th Framework Programme of European Commission Integrated project EUROPART ( ) pyrometallurgical separation technologies advanced hydrometallurgical separation technologies Network of excellence ACTINET ( ) Actinide chemistry and physics Coordinated Research Project (IAEA)

14 R&D Projects DGR - The Mock-Up-CZ Model simulates vertical placement of radioactive waste in the underground repository according to the Swedish model KBS-3 "Prototype Repository". The model consists of a heating canister surrounded by an engineered barrier of bentonite blocks (bentonite-based material), which are enclosed in a cylindrical steel cover and saturated with water. the Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU, Prague

15 Deep Geological Repository State through RAWRA is responsible for DGR realization Producers are obligated to cover all expenses of GDR R & D works including the siting and the site preparation will run up to After it in the period the surface and the underground facilities will be constructed. The operation of the first part of the repository should start in six potential sites are evaluated (in granite formation)

16 Conclusion Current situation Nuclear power is a prospective and competitive segment of the Czech energy sector Czech Power Comp. adopted the concept of an open ended fuel cycle with the possibility to modify it in the future and with the option to use the spent fuel in the future (New trends in nuclear technology are being extensively pursued in the world) three LLW/ILW Repository in operation Future R & D activities RW management treatment of sludge, ion exchangers; RW volume reduction RW characteristic improvement (solid RW, SCO, releasable waste) Deep geological repository R & D SF management LTSFS programme support of new trends in SFM

17 Contact: Vojtech Priman Nuclear Fuel Cycle Section CEZ, a. s. Duhova 2/ Prague 4 Czech Republic tel.: fax: PRIMAV1.HSP@MAIL.CEZ.CZ