Re-Arch: The Initiative for Renewable Energy in Architecture Design Guidelines for Integrating Renewable Energy in Commercial Buildings.

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Re-Arch: The Initiative for Renewable Energy in Architecture Design Guidelines for Integrating Renewable Energy in Commercial Buildings."

Audra Ada Rice
6 years ago
Views:

1 Solar PV Part III Overview of Renewable Energy choices Solar Thermal Wind Geothermal (GSHP) Other Renewable Energy Options 38 of 306

2 Solar PV Cell Technologies Crystalline Silicon Efficiency Single Crystal 25% Multi-Crystalline 19% Ribbon 16% Film 16% Thin Film Materials Efficiency Amorphous Silicon (a-si) 13% Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) 17% Copper Indium Gal. Diselenide (CIGS) 19% Concentrators 40% 39 of 306

3 Solar PV Module Technologies Crystalline Silicon Mod. Efficiency Single Crystal 14-15% Multi-Crystalline 12-14% Ribbon 12-13% Film 8-10% Thin Film Materials Amorphous Silicon (a-si) 5-7% Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) 7-9% Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide (CIGS) 10-14% Concentrators 20% +/- 40 of 306

4 Solar PV Cell Market Share 41 of 306

5 PV Roofing Products PV SunSlate Tile Modules South facing roof with 96 Unisolar photovoltaic shingles covering an area of approximately 280 square feet and surrounded by conventional asphalt shingles. The "name plate" rating of this array is 1632 Watts. 42 of 306

Flexible Film PV Technologies Global Solar has

thin-film Copper Indium Gallium diselenide (CIGS)

Unlike traditional solar panels that are rigid, heavy

6 Flexible Film PV Technologies Global Solar has developed a proprietary process for manufacturing thin-film Copper Indium Gallium diselenide (CIGS) photovoltaic (PV) modules. Unlike traditional solar panels that are rigid, heavy and fragile, Global Solar's thin-film solar modules are lightweight, flexible and durable. 43 of 306

7 PV Glass Products Custom PV Laminated Glass Film Laminates Holographic PV 44 of 306

8 Specialty PV Products Color options Custom Patterns 45 of 306

9 Solar PV Applications Freestanding Roof Mounted Building Integrated Tracking Systems 46 of 306

10 Solar PV Applications Freestanding Roof Mounted Building Integrated Tracking Systems 47 of 306

11 Solar PV Applications Freestanding Roof Mounted Building Integrated Tracking Systems 48 of 306

Solar PV Applications Freestanding Roof Mounted Building Integrated Tracking Systems Loyola Marymount University The largest solar electric rooftop system at any university in the world and the

In an innovative partnership between Los Angeles' Loyola Marymount University, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP), the Southern California Gas Company, and solar electric company

12 Solar PV Applications Freestanding Roof Mounted Building Integrated Tracking Systems Loyola Marymount University The largest solar electric rooftop system at any university in the world and the largest system in Southern California. In an innovative partnership between Los Angeles' Loyola Marymount University, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP), the Southern California Gas Company, and solar electric company PowerLight Totaling 723-kilowatts peak power At Loyola Marymount's campus in Westchester on three of the university's largest buildings: Gersten Pavilion, University Hall, and the Von der Ahe Library. Estimated at more than $4.3 million, the project expense will be offset by rebates _$3.7 million from the LADWP, and _$325,000 from the Gas Company 49 of 306

Date Completed: September 2002 System Size: 750 kwac System Peak Capacity: 924 kw

13 Solar PV Applications Freestanding Roof Mounted Building Integrated Tracking Systems Naval Base Coronado, Navy Region Southwest Location: Naval Base Coronado, California Date Completed: September 2002 System Size: 750 kwac System Peak Capacity: 924 kw Total Projected System Electrical Output: 1,244,000 kwh/yr Number of solar pamels: 3,078 PV surface area: 81,470 sq. ft. In addition, the 750kW system photovoltaic system generates the electrical energy equivalent to 2,488 barrels of crude oil annually. 50 of 306

14 PV Roofing Modules with Insulation 51 of 306

15 Solar PV Applications Freestanding Roof Mounted Building Integrated Tracking Systems 52 of 306

16 Solar PV Applications Freestanding Roof Mounted Building Integrated Tracking Systems 53 of 306

17 Solar PV Applications Freestanding Roof Mounted Building Integrated Tracking Systems 54 of 306

18 Solar PV Applications Freestanding Roof Mounted Building Integrated Tracking Systems 55 of 306 Discovery Museum Architect: PV Design: Steven Strong

19 Solar PV Applications Freestanding Roof Mounted Building Integrated Tracking Systems 56 of 306 British Pavilion Architect: Grimshaw Architects

20 Solar PV Applications Freestanding Roof Mounted Building Integrated Tracking Systems 57 of 306

21 Solar PV Balance of Systems Inverter Charge Controller Batteries Mounting Systems Monitoring, etc. 58 of 306

22 Solar PV Balance of Systems Inverter Charge Controller Batteries Mounting Systems Monitoring, etc. 59 of 306

23 Advanced Solar PV Technologies Advanced Concentrator Systems Advanced Glazing PV Paint (Nano PV) Concept for focusing concentrator using fresnel lens collector performs similar to a tracking system. Bio-mimetic: PV Cells that mimic photosynthesis Dual axis concentrating system uses individually controlled mirrors. 60 of 306

24 Emerging Solar PV Technology by Energy Innovations Tracking Concentrator Sunflower 250 SunPod High-Concentration Dual-Axis Tracking Solar System. 61 of 306

Emerging Solar PV Technology by Energy Innovations Tracking Concentrator Sunflower 250 SunPod The Stirling-engine Sunflower concept is somewhat radical, because it is not based on photovoltaic (PV)

25 Emerging Solar PV Technology by Energy Innovations Tracking Concentrator Sunflower 250 SunPod The Stirling-engine Sunflower concept is somewhat radical, because it is not based on photovoltaic (PV) cells and has moving parts. The Mfgr. believes that they can make this design much more cost-effectively than a PV-based system because it is simpler, more suitable for mass production, and uses significantly less energy in the actual production processes of the product. 62 of 306

Emerging Solar PV Technology by Energy Innovations Tracking Concentrator Sunflower 250 SunPod High-Concentration Dual-Axis Tracking Solar System.

26 Emerging Solar PV Technology by Energy Innovations Tracking Concentrator Sunflower 250 SunPod High-Concentration Dual-Axis Tracking Solar System. The SunPod is designed around a plastic Fresnel lens that focuses incoming light along a thin line of highly efficient PV cells. Of course, concentrated light means a lot of heat, and one of our challenges was to dissipate that heat without getting in the way of tracking the sun. Each tube, measuring one foot in diameter and six feet in length, rotates on its axis to track the daily movement of the sun. Nine tubes are mounted together in a rack, which is angled based on the building's latitude to provide optimal exposure throughout the year. 63 of 306

Solar Thermal Technologies Solar Thermal

27 Solar Thermal Technologies Solar Thermal Water (or glycol) Systems Flat Plate Direct Collectors Flat Plate Indirect Collectors Evacuated Tube Collectors Air Systems Solar Thermal Air Collectors Transpired Air Collectors High Temperature Concentrators 64 of 306

Solar Thermal Collector Technology Flat Plate

Thermal Air Systems Photo Credit: Chromagen Flat

Liquid flat-plate collectors heat liquid as it

28 Solar Thermal Collector Technology Flat Plate Collectors Evacuated Tube Collectors Solar Thermal Air Systems Photo Credit: Chromagen Flat Plate Collectors on a Walmart Store in Texas Liquid flat-plate collectors heat liquid as it flows through tubes in or adjacent to the absorber plate. 65 of 306

Solar Thermal Collector Technology Flat Plate Collectors Evacuated Tube Collectors Solar Thermal Air Systems This evacuated-tube solar water heating collector is on the roof of the Rhode Island

29 Solar Thermal Collector Technology Flat Plate Collectors Evacuated Tube Collectors Solar Thermal Air Systems This evacuated-tube solar water heating collector is on the roof of the Rhode Island School of Design's Solar Decathlon competition house. Evacuated-tube collectors can achieve fairly high temperatures (170 F to 350 F), making them more appropriate for cooling and commercial and industrial applications. Evacuated-tube collectors are more expensive than flat-plate collectors, with unit area costs about twice that of flat-plate collectors. 66 of 306

Air flat-plate collectors The absorber plates in air collectors can be metal sheets, layers of screen, or non-metallic materials.

30 Solar Thermal Collector Technology Cansolair Inc. Solar Max 240 Solar space heating unit Flat Plate Collectors Evacuated Tube Collectors Solar Thermal Air Systems Air Flat Plate Collectors Transpired Air Collectors Air flat-plate collectors The absorber plates in air collectors can be metal sheets, layers of screen, or non-metallic materials. The air flows past the absorber by using natural convection or a fan. Because air conducts heat much less readily than liquid does, less heat is transferred from an air collector's absorber than from a liquid collector's absorber, and air collectors are typically less efficient than liquid collectors. 67 of 306

Credit: Conserval Engineering Air Flat Plate Collectors

31 Solar Thermal Collector Technology Flat Plate Collectors Evacuated Tube Collectors Solar Thermal Air Systems Photo Credit: Conserval Engineering Air Flat Plate Collectors Transpired Air Collectors Solar Crop Drying Photo Credit: Conserval Engineering 68 of 306

Renewable Energy in Commercial Buildings By Loren Abraham, AIA, LEED AP Solar Air Heating Transpired Panel Technology & Applications Unglazed collector for air

32 Renewable Energy in Commercial Buildings By Loren Abraham, AIA, LEED AP Solar Air Heating Transpired Panel Technology & Applications Unglazed collector for air preheating Cold air is heated as it passes through small holes in the metal absorber plate A fan circulates this heated air into the building or other destination 69 of 306

Solar Thermal Applications Domestic Hot Water Pool Heating Space

waterheating system at the Santa Rosa Hospital Northwest in San

33 Solar Thermal Applications Domestic Hot Water Pool Heating Space Heating This pool, located in a condominium complex in Oregon, is heated by solar thermal collectors. Industrial Process Heating Space Cooling The Sun Trapper solar waterheating system at the Santa Rosa Hospital Northwest in San Antonio, Texas, is able to produce 15,000 gallons of hot water a day, which is about 40% of their hot water consumption. 70 of 306

Heating Space Cooling A transpired-air collector

ventilation air to the BigHorn Home Improvement

34 Solar Thermal Applications Domestic Hot Water Pool Heating Space Heating Industrial Process Heating Space Cooling A transpired-air collector absorbs solar energy, providing heated ventilation air to the BigHorn Home Improvement Center in Silverthorn, Colorado. (Credit: Jim Yost) 71 of 306

35 Solar Thermal Applications Domestic Hot Water Pool Heating Space Heating Industrial Process Heating Space Cooling Parabolic-Trough Solar Collector Aquaculture - Salmon Hatchery Photo Credit: Gretz, Warren DOE/NREL 72 of 306

36 Solar Thermal Applications Domestic Hot Water Pool Heating Space Heating Industrial Process Heating Space Cooling Solar absorption systems use the thermal energy from a solar collector to yield a cooling effect, through a conventional type of refrigeration cycle. Double-effect absorption systems are about twice as efficient as single-effect systems, but require higher input temperatures Solar desiccant systems use thermal energy from the solar collector to regenerate dessicants 73 of 306

Solar Thermal Concentrating Systems The Stirling-engine Sunflower concept is somewhat radical, because it is not based on photovoltaic

This solar thermal power plant located in the Mojave Desert, is one of nine such plants built in the 1980s.

Left: This solar dish, a concentrator, is the primary solar component of the system, collecting the energy coming directly from the sun

37 Solar Thermal Concentrating Systems The Stirling-engine Sunflower concept is somewhat radical, because it is not based on photovoltaic (PV) cells and has moving parts. More cost effective - it is simpler and more suitable for mass production. This solar thermal power plant located in the Mojave Desert, is one of nine such plants built in the 1980s. Oil in the receiver tubes collects the concentrated solar energy as heat and is pumped to an end use. Left: This solar dish, a concentrator, is the primary solar component of the system, collecting the energy coming directly from the sun and concentrating it on a small area. A thermal receiver absorbs the concentrated beam of solar energy, converts it to heat, and transfers the heat to the engine/generator. Right: In this design, mirrors can operate independantly. 74 of 306

38 Wind Power Small Scale Wind Generators Large Scale Wind Generators Innovative Rotor Styles Tower Height Building Integrated Applications Southwest Windpower, NREL PIX 75 of 306

39 Wind Power Small Scale Wind Generators Large Scale Wind Generators Innovative Rotor Styles Tower Height Building Integrated Applications The McKinney Wal-Mart store has a 50-kilowatt wind turbine designed for areas with lowaverage wind speeds, down to just under 5 miles per hour. Mounted 120 feet in the air, the turbine has a rotor with a 46-foot diameter. Credit: Wal-Mart Stores 76 of 306

40 Wind Power Small Scale Wind Generators Large Scale Wind Generators Innovative Rotor Styles Building Integrated Applications 77 of 306

41 Wind Power Small Scale Wind Generators Large Scale Wind Generators Innovative Rotor Styles Building Integrated Applications 78 of 306

Quietrevolution:.The QR2.5 is 25m (80 ft) high and 2.

Integrated Applications A Giromill-type wind turbine A

42 Wind Power Small Scale Wind Generators Large Scale Wind Generators Show Video of QR5 Innovative Rotor Styles Quietrevolution:.The QR2.5 is 25m (80 ft) high and 2.5m (8 ft) in diameter. Vertical Axis (VAWT) Tethered Gas Filled Building Integrated Applications A Giromill-type wind turbine A Darrieus wind turbine once used to generate electricity on the Magdalen Islands Aerotecture by Bill Becker 79 of 306

Wind Power Small Scale Wind Generators Large Scale Wind Generators Innovative Rotor Styles Vertical Axis (VAWT) Tethered Designs Building Integrated Applications This is an artist's (Ben

43 Wind Power Small Scale Wind Generators Large Scale Wind Generators Innovative Rotor Styles Vertical Axis (VAWT) Tethered Designs Building Integrated Applications This is an artist's (Ben Shepard's) rendition from Professor Roberts' preliminary working drawings of the next planned Flying Electric Generator rated at 240kW with rotor diameters of 35 feet of 306

Applications From Magenn power Inc comes an interesting new design for a wind

The turbine is a lighter than air blimp, which rotates around a horizontal axis.

44 Wind Power Small Scale Wind Generators Large Scale Wind Generators Innovative Rotor Styles Vertical Axis (VAWT) Tethered Designs Building Integrated Applications From Magenn power Inc comes an interesting new design for a wind turbine. Called the 'M.A.R.S' - Magenn Power Air Rotor System. The turbine is a lighter than air blimp, which rotates around a horizontal axis. A unique design orients the blimp into the wind and it is anchored to the ground by a 1000 foot cable. 81 of 306

45 Wind Power Small Scale Wind Generators Large Scale Wind Generators Innovative Rotor Styles Building Integrated Applications 82 of 306

46 Overview of Other RE technology choices Geothermal (primarily GSHP) Biomass and Biofuels Solar Hydrogen Fuel Cell Combined Heat and Power (CGP) Wave Power Purchase Green Power 83 of 306

Heat drawn from ground in winter and rejected to ground

47 Ground-Source Heat Pumps Space/water heating and cooling Electricity operates on vapor compression cycle Heat drawn from ground in winter and rejected to ground in summer Horizontal Ground-Loop Vertical Ground-Loop 84 of 306

Biomass and Biofuels Technology & Applications Controlled

, Combustion of Ethanol, Biodiesel, etc.

Credit: Wiseloger, Art DOE/NREL Heating Plant Photo Credit:

48 Biomass and Biofuels Technology & Applications Controlled combustion of wood, agricultural residues, municipal waste, etc., Combustion of Ethanol, Biodiesel, etc. Single Buildings and/or District Heating Wood Chipping Photo Credit: Wiseloger, Art DOE/NREL Heating Plant Photo Credit: Oujé-Bougoumou Cree Nation Source: RETScreen.net Minister of Natural Resources Canada of 306

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Power Generation and Water Heating as waste byproduct Suitable for Off-grid or Grid Tied Applications Flexible scale from

49 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Power Generation and Water Heating as waste byproduct Suitable for Off-grid or Grid Tied Applications Flexible scale from UPS size to 500 kw systems Significant new developments in Hydrogen production and storage 86 of 306 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Plug-in Hybrid Charging Station

50 Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Simultaneous production of two or more types of usable energy from a single energy source (also called Cogeneration ) 87 of 306 Source: RETScreen.net Minister of Natural Resources Canada

Combined Heat and Power Applications (CHP) Single buildings

Credit: Urban Ziegler, NRCan LFG CHP for district heating

51 Combined Heat and Power Applications (CHP) Single buildings Commercial and industrial Multiple buildings District energy systems (e.g. communities) Industrial processes CHP Kitchener City Hall Photo Credit: Urban Ziegler, NRCan LFG CHP for district heating system, Sweden Photo Credit: Urban Ziegler, NRCan Micro turbine at greenhouse Photo Credit: Urban Ziegler, NRCan 88 of 306

turbine Reciprocating engine Fuel cell Heating equipment Boilers Waste heat recovery Gas

52 Combined Heat and Power Equipment & Technologies Cooling equipment Compressors Absorption chillers Free cooling Power generation Gas turbine Gas turbine combined cycle Steam turbine Reciprocating engine Fuel cell Heating equipment Boilers Waste heat recovery Gas Turbine Photo Credit: Rolls-Royce plc Cooling Equipment Photo Credit: Urban Ziegler, NRCan 89 of 306

Wave Power Concepts Powerbouy Wave Generator

Shoreline Oscillating Water Column Powerbuoy Wave

53 Wave Power Concepts Powerbouy Wave Generator Ocean Swell Powered Renewable EnergY (OSPREY) Shoreline Oscillating Water Column Powerbuoy Wave Power Generator A shoreline oscillating water column (OWC). The Ocean Swell Powered Renewable EnergY (OSPREY) is a near shore wave power station. 90 of 306

54 The Green Power Option 91 of 306

Solar and Wind Energy

Jerry Hudgins Solar and Wind Energy Department of Electrical Engineering 1 Average Irradiation Data (Annual) from Solarex. The units on the map are in kwh/m 2 /day and represent the minimum case values