U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Florida Water-Use Program

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1 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Florida Water-Use Program By Richard L. Marella Florida Water Science Center - Orlando U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey

2 USGS Florida Water-Use Program Ongoing cooperative program since 1984 with the State of Florida, currently with the Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP). The projects main objective is to collect, compile, and distribute water-use data for the State by category, county, and WMD ever five years. Requires assistance and data from WMD s.

3 Water withdrawals in Florida, ,900 Mgal/d - Total water withdrawn 8,570 Mgal/d - Saline water (58 %) 6,330 Mgal/d - Fresh water (42 %) 10,750 Mgal/d - Surface water (80 % saline) 4,150 Mgal/d - Ground water (96 % fresh) 8,550 Mgal/d Saline water withdrawn by power generation (57 %) 2,960 Mgal/d Freshwater withdrawn by the South Florida WMD (47 %)

4 A million gallons per day (Mgal/d) Ichetucknee springs discharges about 230 Mgal/d. A pumping rate of 700 gallons per minute for a 24 hour period. A typical house hold domestic well pumps about gallons per minute. The amount a small city withdraws for the demand of about 7,500 to 10,000 people. Madison (1 Mgal/d), GRU (24 Mgal/d), JEA (117 Mgal/d), Miami-Dade Water (280 Mgal/d).

5 Water withdrawals in Florida, 2010 Public supply and agricultural irrigation combined accounted for 76 % of the total freshwater withdrawn. Irrigation (agricultural and recreational) and self-supplied domestic values are estimated, public supply, commercialindustrial-mining, and power generation values were mostly obtained from metered data. Power generation accounted for 58 % of the withdrawals, nearly 95 % of this withdrawal is returned to its source (oncethrough cooling). The Floridan aquifer system supplied about 62 % of the ground water withdrawn and the Biscayne aquifer 17 %.

6 Water withdrawal summary, 2010 About 7% of the water withdrawn for public supply was non-potable and needed treatment to meet drinking water. About 1.7 million acres were irrigated statewide. 42 % of the irrigated agricultural acreage used flood systems, 40 % used low volume systems, and 18 percent used sprinkler/overhead systems. About 350 Mgal/d of reclaimed wastewater was used for irrigation, industrial, and power generation purposes. A relatively large amount of water was withdrawn for nonresidential landscape irrigation statewide (200 Mgal/d), this does not include water withdrawn by individual households for lawn watering (from wells or canals).

7 Water withdrawals in the Suwannee River WMD, 2010

8 Suwannee River WMD, Mgal/d - Total water withdrawn, 218 Mgal/d ground water, 110 Mgal/d surface water. Agricultural irrigation and power generation accounted for 34 % each of the total water withdrawn. Agricultural irrigation is 99 % ground water, power generation is 98 % surface water. 218 Mgal/d is nearly equal to Ichetucknee springs average daily discharge (230 Mgal/d).

9 Fresh water withdrawals by source in the Suwannee River WMD, Ground water Surface water 300 Million gallons per day

10 Fresh water withdrawals in the Suwannee River WMD, Public supply Commercial-Industrial Agricultural Irrigation Domestic self-supplied Million gallons per day

11 Monthly public supply withdrawals in the NWF WMD and the SRWMD (Jan Dec. 2010) Million gallons per day Jan-85 Jan-87 Jan-89 Jan-91 Jan-93 Jan-95 Jan-97 Jan-99 Jan-01 Jan-03 Jan-05 Jan-07 Jan-09

12 Monthly public supply withdrawals in the St. Johns River WMD (Jan Dec. 2010) 800 Million gallons per day Jan-85 Jan-87 Jan-89 Jan-91 Jan-93 Jan-95 Jan-97 Jan-99 Jan-01 Jan-03 Jan-05 Jan-07 Jan-09

13 Water withdrawal trends in Florida

14 Public supply water withdrawals in Florida: ,000 2,500 Million gallons per day 2,000 1,500 1,

15 Fresh water withdrawals by category in Florida: Public Supply Commercial-Industrial Agricultural Irrigation Recreational Irrigation Power Generation Million gallons per day 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,

16 Fresh water withdrawals in Florida by water management district: Northwest Florida St. Johns River South Florida Southwest Florida Suwannee River 4,000 Million gallons per day 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,

17 Water withdrawal trends summary Public supply withdrawals have decreased to a level from the late 1990 s, however withdrawals continue to increase in some areas throughout the State. Statewide per capita has decreased over the past 10 years. Agricultural irrigation withdrawals have decreased to a level from the late 1980 s, however, withdrawals continue to increase in some areas throughout the State. Statewide industrial, mining, and power generation withdrawals continue to decrease or remain the same. The use of non-potable water for drinking water needs continues to increase.

18 Water use data for 2010 Sources and Limitations Public Supply Domestic self-supplied Commercial-industrial-mining self-supplied Agricultural irrigation Recreational irrigation Power generation

19 Public supply data Utilities larger than 0.01 MGD or that serve more than 400 people Community water systems only Raw water values (if available) Wellfield level data (if available) Annual average calculated from monthly values Nearly all values provided by the WMD s Used FDEP MOR data as secondary source

20 Domestic self-supplied Calculated using total county population minus public supply population served Multiplied self-supplied population by a per capita value used the state average public supply domestic per capita of 84 gallons per day in 2010 Does not include private household wells used for irrigation purposes only Assumed all water was from wells (groundwater)

21 Commercial-Industrial-Mining self-supplied Self-supplied users larger than 0.01 MGD Raw water values (if available) Wellfield level data (if available) Annual average obtained from monthly values Nearly all values provided by the WMD s Used FDEP MOR data as secondary source Mining dewatering totals are sometimes included

22 Agricultural Irrigation Estimated based on crop type, supplemental irrigation coefficient and system efficiency Acres obtained from US Census, Florida Agricultural Statistic Service, FDACS, and others Coefficients from Blaney-Criddle, AFSIRS, Florida Irrigation Guide, and others Some estimates are from actual metered data but only in the Southwest Florida WMD Permit data used to estimate percent ground water

23 Recreational Irrigation (Golf Course) Estimated based on golf course acreage and supplemental irrigation coefficient Acres obtained from district permits, National Golf Foundation, Florida Golf Guide, and others Coefficients from Blaney-Criddle, AFSIRS, Florida Irrigation Guide, and others Some estimates are from actual metered data Permit data used to estimate percent ground water Reclaimed water used provided by FDEP

24 Power Generation Data collected for all water sources: fresh-saline, ground-surface, reclaimed, and public supplied water Includes water withdrawn for once-through cooling purposes Raw water values (if available) Annual average obtained from power company or calculated from monthly values Most data obtained from Power Companies

25 Overall comments Use the sources of information that will make the data the most accurate Use the sources of information that will make the data most consistent by year, category, and water management district Data and technical assistance from each water management district is crucial

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