Chillventa Congressing. Fachprogramm. Technical Programme

Transcription

1 Chillventa Congressing Fachprogramm Technical Programme

2 Low-GWP, Nonflammable Working Fluids for High Temperature Heat Pumps: and DR-40A Kostas Kontomaris, Ph.D. Global Technology Leader, Working Fluids DuPont Fluorochemicals HFObased Nuremberg October, 13 th, 2014

3 PROSPECTIVE APPLICATIONS: T cond o C Industrial Heating Industries: Food, Chemicals/Plastics, Textiles, Pulp & Paper German Industry o C: 49 TWh/yr 7 GW J. Lambauer, Stuttgart U. Processes Drying Evaporation Steam Generation Crystallization Concentration Distillation Liquid Heating Gas Heating Chemical Reaction EU Research and Innovation Priorities by 2020: Enhanced Industrial Compression Heat Pumps (CCT.12) Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for Renewable Heating and Cooling (European Union, 2013) Large Untapped Potential for HTHPs

4 High Temp Heat Pumps: This Time is Different! KEY DRIVERS IN VARIOUS History REGIONS of Heat ARE Pumps STRENGTHENING: Martin Zogg, 2008 Fossil Fuel Prices Liquid Natural Gas (in some regions) Air Quality Climate Protection Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot: Relationship Between Heat and Work We recognize our role in 1824 creating this problem; We embrace our responsibility to combat it. President Obama speech at U.N. Climate Change Summit United Nations Headquarters, New York, New York, 23 Sept 2014 Lord Kelvin: Reverse Heat Engine Concept KEY BARRIERS ARE LOWERING: 1852 Availability of Low GWP Working Fluids

5 High Temp Heat Pumps: This Time is Different! KEY DRIVERS ARE STRENGTHENING: Fossil Fuel Prices Liquid Natural Gas (in some regions) Air Quality Climate Protection Irreversibly? We recognize our role in creating this problem; We embrace our responsibility to combat it. President Obama speech at U.N. Climate Change Summit United Nations Headquarters, New York, New York, 23 Sept 2014 A KEY BARRIER IS BEING REMOVED: Availability of Low GWP Working Fluids

6 High Temp Heat Pumps: This Time is Different! KEY DRIVERS ARE STRENGTHENING: Liquid Fossil Fuel Prices We recognize our role in creating this problem; We embrace our responsibility to combat it. President Obama speech at U.N. Climate Change Summit United Nations Headquarters, New York, New York, 23 Sept 2014 KEY BARRIERS ARE LOWERING: Availability of Low GWP Working Fluids

7 High Temp Heat Pumps: This Time is Different! KEY DRIVERS ARE STRENGTHENING: Liquid Fossil Fuel Prices Air Quality We recognize our role in creating this problem; We embrace our responsibility to combat it. President Obama speech at U.N. Climate Change Summit United Nations Headquarters, New York, New York, 23 Sept 2014 KEY BARRIERS ARE LOWERING: Availability of Low GWP Working Fluids

8 High Temp Heat Pumps: This Time is Different! KEY DRIVERS ARE STRENGTHENING: Liquid Fossil Fuel Prices Air Quality Climate Protection We recognize our role in creating this problem; We embrace our responsibility to combat it. President Obama speech at U.N. Climate Change Summit United Nations Headquarters, New York, New York, 23 Sept 2014 Availability of Low GWP Working Fluids

9 High Temp Heat Pumps: This Time is Different! KEY DRIVERS ARE STRENGTHENING: Liquid Fossil Fuel Prices Air Quality Climate Protection We recognize our role in creating this problem; We embrace our responsibility to combat it. President Obama speech at U.N. Climate Change Summit United Nations Headquarters, New York, New York, 23 Sept 2014 A KEY BARRIER IS BEING REMOVED: Availability of Low GWP Working Fluids

10 High Temp Heat Pumps: This Time is Different! KEY DRIVERS ARE STRENGTHENING: Liquid Fossil Fuel Prices Air Quality Climate Protection We recognize our role in creating this problem; We embrace our responsibility to combat it. President Obama speech at U.N. Climate Change Summit United Nations Headquarters, New York, New York, 23 Sept 2014 A KEY BARRIER IS BEING REMOVED: Availability of Low GWP Working Fluids DR-40A

11 HFO-Based Developmental Fluids Chemical Formula HFO-1336mzz(Z) T cr [ o C] P cr [MPa] 2.90 T b [ o C] 33.4 F F F F F F H H CF 3 CH=CHCF 3 (Z)

12 HFO-Based Developmental Fluids : Very Low GWP and Non-Flammable Chemical Formula HFO- 1336mzz(Z) GWP T cr [ o C] P cr [MPa] 2.90 T b [ o C] 33.4

13 HFO-Based Developmental Fluids No Chlorine 1 : Zero ODP Dramatically Increased Chemical Stability at High Temps 2 Chemical Formula HFO- 1336mzz(Z) GWP T cr [ o C] P cr [MPa] 2.90 T b [ o C] 33.4 High Chemical Stability to Various Transformation Mechanisms as Stable as HFC-245fa A Saturated HFC Widely Used in High Temp Apps 1 or other halogen atoms other than fluorine ; 2 Kontomaris, K.:15th International Refrig. and Air Cond. Conf. at Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA, July 14-17, 2014.

14 HFO-Based Developmental Fluids Chemical Formula Temp Glide [K] P=1 atm) DR-40A Near-Azeo Blend N/A 0.86 GWP <170 T cr [ o C] P cr [MPa] T b [ o C]

15 Vapor Pressure Vapor Pressure, MPa HFC-245fa DR-40A Temperature, o C HFC-245fa DR-40A T cr [ o C]

16 Vapor Pressure Vapor Pressure, MPa HFC-245fa DR-40A 2.50 P max =2.5 MPa Temperature, o C HFC-245fa DR-40A T 2.5MPa [ o C]

17 Vapor Pressure Vapor Pressure, MPa HFC-245fa DR-40A 2.50 P max =2.5 MPa Temperature, o C HFC-245fa DR-40A T 2.5MPa [ o C] o C

18 Vapor Pressure Vapor Pressure, MPa HFC-245fa DR-40A 2.50 P max =2.5 MPa Temperature, o C HFC-245fa DR-40A T 2.5MPa [ o C] o C

19 Pressure-Enthalpy Diagrams Pressure (MPa) DR-40A HFC-245fa o C o C 250 o C Enthalpy (kj/kg)

20 Predicted Simple Cycle Performance DT superh = 11 o C; DT subc = 5 o C; Compressor Efficiency= TEMP LIFT= 35 o C COP h DR-40A 6.00 HFC-245fa Condensing Temperature, o C T evap = T cond 35 o C

21 Predicted Simple Cycle Performance DT superh = 11 o C; DT subc = 5 o C; Compressor Efficiency= TEMP LIFT= 35 o C COP h DR-40A 6.00 HFC-245fa Condensing Temperature, o C COP h DECREASES CLOSE TO T cr

22 Predicted Simple Cycle Performance DT superh = 11 o C; DT subc = 5 o C; Compressor Efficiency= TEMP LIFT= 35 o C COP h DR-40A 6.00 HFC-245fa Condensing Temperature, o C COP h DIFFERENCES AMONG FLUIDS MAGNIFIED AT HIGHER TEMPS

23 Predicted Simple Cycle Performance DT superh = 11 o C; DT subc = 5 o C; Compressor Efficiency= TEMP LIFT= 35 o C COP h DR-40A 6.00 HFC-245fa Condensing Temperature, o C ATTRACTIVE COP h UNDER ALL FEASIBLE CONDITIONS

24 Predicted Performance: COP h at High Temp Lift COP h DT superh = 20 o C; DT subc = 5 o C; Compressor Efficiency=0.8 HFC-245fa Condensing Temperature, o C TEMP LIFT=70 o C DR-40A COP h LOWER AT HIGHER LIFT BUT STILL ATTRACTIVE UNDER BROAD CONDITIONS

25 Predicted Performance: COP h at High Temp Lift COP h DT superh = 20 o C; DT subc = 5 o C; Compressor Efficiency=0.8 HFC-245fa Condensing Temperature, o C TEMP LIFT=70 o C DR-40A DR-40A: HIGHEST COP h FOR T cond < 140 o C

26 Predicted Performance: CAP h at High Temp Lift 4,000 DT superh = 20 o C; DT subc = 5 o C; Compressor Efficiency=0.8 3,500 3,000 HFC-245fa DR-40A CAP h, kj/m 3 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, Condensing Temperature, o C TEMP LIFT= 70 o C In Inverse Order to COP h Practical Under Broad Conditions Even at the Higher Lift

27 Predicted Performance: CAP h at High Temp Lift 4,000 DT superh = 20 o C; DT subc = 5 o C; Compressor Efficiency=0.8 3,500 3,000 HFC-245fa DR-40A CAP h, kj/m 3 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, Condensing Temperature, o C DR-40A vs. : HIGHER COP h AND HIGHER CAP h FOR T cond < 140 o C TEMP LIFT= 70 o C

28 Challenge: Heating Temperatures up to 200 o C EU Research and Innovation Priorities: New Concepts for Industrial Heat Pumps (CCT.16) Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for Renewable Heating and Cooling (European Union, 2013) Objective: Alternative heat pump thermodynamic cycles to deliver heat at app. 200 o C remains chemically stable at 200 o C but it becomes supercritical (T cr_ =171.3 o C) Transcritical Cycle? If at first the idea is not absurd, then there is no hope for it.

29 0 Pressure (MPa) TRANSCRITICAL CYCLE: T h =200 o C T evap =100 o C; DT superh =20K; Compressor Efficiency=0.7; T discharge = 200 o C; P discharge = 4 MPa o C Pressures Remain Moderate Enthalpy (kj/kg)

30 0 Pressure (MPa) TRANSCRITICAL CYCLE: T h =200 o C T evap =100 o C; DT superh =20K; Compressor Efficiency=0.7; T discharge = 200 o C; P discharge = 4 MPa o C T gco [ o C] Lift ave [ o C] COP h 75 CAP h [kj/m 3 ] Enthalpy (kj/kg)

31 0 Pressure (MPa) TRANSCRITICAL CYCLE: T h =200 o C T evap =100 o C; DT superh =20K; Compressor Efficiency=0.7; T discharge = 200 o C; P discharge = 4 MPa o C T gco [ o C] Lift ave [ o C] COP h CAP h [kj/m 3 ] 7, Enthalpy (kj/kg)

32 0 Pressure (MPa) TRANSCRITICAL CYCLE: T h =200 o C T evap =100 o C; DT superh =20K; Compressor Efficiency=0.7; P discharge = 4 MPa; T discharge = 200 o C o C T gco [ o C] Lift ave [ o C] COP h CAP h [kj/m 3 ] 6, Enthalpy (kj/kg)

33 0 Pressure (MPa) TRANSCRITICAL CYCLE: T h =200 o C T evap =100 o C; DT superh =20K; Compressor Efficiency=0.7; P discharge = 4 MPa; T discharge = 200 o C o C T gco [ o C] Lift ave [ o C] COP h CAP h [kj/m 3 ] 4, Enthalpy (kj/kg)

34 HFO-1336mzz-Z Commercialization: 2H 2016

35 Summary Efforts to increase energy efficiency and reduce environmental impacts from the use of fossil fuels could encourage wider adoption of heat pumps for heating including at higher temperatures than it has been common in the past Non-flammable, HFO-based, developmental fluids DR-40A and could enable heat pumps delivering condensing temperatures from about 100 o C up to 160 o C with attractive energy efficiencies could potentially deliver heat at temperatures up to 200 o C through transcritical cycles trials under way!

36 Questions? Thank you! Claus-Peter Keller Fluorochemicals Business Development EMEA Du Pont de Nemours (Deutschland) GmbH Tel: ++49 (0) 6102 / Mobile: ++49 (0) claus-peter.keller@dupont.com Disclaimer: The information set forth herein is furnished free of charge and based on technical data that DuPont believes to be reliable. It is intended for use by persons having technical skill, at their own risk. Since conditions of use are outside our control, w e make no warranties, expressed or implied and assume no liability in connection with any use of this information. Nothing herein is to be taken as a license to operate under, or a recommendation to infringe any patents or patent applications.

37 Fachprogramm Technical Programme