Sensors Networks and Sustainability

Transcription

1 OECD Experts Conference Using Sensor-Based Networks to Address Global Issues: Policy Opportunities and Challenges Lisbon, Portugal, June 8-9, 2009 Sensors Networks and Sustainability Karsten Schischke Fraunhofer IZM Gustav-Meyer-Allee Berlin, Germany Phone: ,

2 Prototype of a self-sufficient, wireless sensor node (folded MCM-Flex, Chipset ATmega128L & CC1000, 6mm edge length) Copyright: Armin Okulla / Fraunhofer IZM, 2007

3 Fraunhofer IZM Focus of Activities Materials, Reliability & Sustainable Development Micro Materials Environmental Engineering Substrate Integration Technologies System Integration & Interconnection Technologies PCB Soldering Training/Qualification and Micro- Mechatronics Polytronic Systems Wafer Level Integration Technologies Vertical System Integration Wafer Level Packaging & High Density Interconnects System Design System Design & Integration Micromechanics, Actuators & Fluidics

4 Autarkic Microsystems and Wireless Sensor Networks Fields of Application for Wireless Sensor Networks Environmental science (tracking of animals) Logistics (quality control, e.g. cold chain management) Facility management (automation of air conditioning, lighting, power monitoring and management) Condition and process monitoring (production processes, pipelines, machinery, buildings) Automotive Military applications (tracking, localization) Ambient Assisted Living, medical applications (supervision of health parameters) Agriculture (precision farming)

5 Concept for WSNs in Precision Farming High level dry area Radius of 750 m max Central supply of water and electricity Irrigation system Low level wet area Receiver Measurement points / Transmitter / Sensor node

6 Concept for WSNs in Precision Farming Receiver Adaptation of water flow rate Water supply and power for motors Center Pivot irrigation system Transmitter Solar cell Moving direction Transmitter Irrigation Measurement of soil humidity in various depths

7 WSNs for Precision Farming - Roadmap Communication technology Signal transmission non-critical in the range of several 100 m Robust signal transmission through wet crop Plough-in sensor nodes: energy efficient transmission Components Macro components Plough-in sensor nodes: no hazardous substances inert or bidegradable sensor nodes Sensors Accuracy (humidity): +/- 2% is state-of-the art Calibration: manually or software based Nutrient content: laboratory Optoelectronic analytics of chlorophyll content (e.g. Yara-N) Optimised accuracy; target: +/- 1% Self calibration Analytics for nutrient availability: in-situ sensorics to be developed State of the art in 0-5 years in 5-10 years

8 WSNs for Precision Farming Roadmap (cont d) Framework Conditions and trends Sensors for long term measurements: /St. System costs up to or 350 /ha depending on number of sensor nodes required Cost target: measuring rod /unit Low-cost MST in combination with automated precision irrigation: up to 100 /ha Research on suitable parameter for nutrient status of crop Informatics: Developing models databases for accurate and targeted supply of water and fertilizers Ambitious legislative water savings requirements Field research on water savings potential of precision agriculture Application Soil humidity measurements: Standard elektronics components for wireless data transmission (limited number of implemented systems) Soil humidity measurements with miniaturised rod concept Smart-RFID humidity sensors (greenhouses, plant pots) Lab in the Field Condition monitoring of nutrient status of crops State of the art in 0-5 years in 5-10 years

9 WSNs as enabler for Precision Farming Water savings potential Region Irrigation area in million ha Precision farming in % Area precision farming in million ha 2% water savings in million m³/a Precision farming in % Area precision farming in million ha 2% water savings in million m³/a Germany 0,5 20 0, ,15 9 Rest EU 27 11,5 15 1, USA , ,5 600 RoW , , totals , ,

10 Environmental Assessment Production of 500 million Sensor Nodes: 200,000 t CO 2 -eq. / a Savings potential through efficient motor systems in Germany (WSNs as enablers): 15 million t CO 2 -eq. / a Savings potential of mining sector world wide: 100,000 t CO 2 -eq. / a Saving potential of sensor based air-con and thermal management for data centers in Germany: 1.4 million t CO 2 -eq. / a

11 Environmental Assessment Primary effects Direct effects of product life cycle Ressource depletion Manufacturing Use (sensor node) Use (infrastructure) Disposal Precious metals etc. Sensor node Fabs, semiconductor mfct. neutral in case of Energy Harvesting Power consumption (not optimised) negative, but minor impact Secondary effects Impact in conjunction with specific application (indirect effects) Industry automation Agriculture Building automation Automobile Medical technology Energy savings Water savings, yield increase Energy savings Fuel savings (e.g. tyre pressure sensors) Remote diagnostics Tertiary effects Change of behaviour, rebound effects Industry automation Agriculture Building automation Automobile - - Machines replace human work force Increase in irrigation area In-house network communication negligible Medical technology negligible Legend positive environmental impact (low, moderate, high) negligible effects negative environmental impact (low, moderate, high)

12 Research project Innovation and Technology Analysis for Autarkic Microsystems Networks financed by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research, project management VDI/VDE-IT Consortium: Fraunhofer IZM (K. Schischke, M. Niedermayer) Borderstep Institut (S. Beucker, J. Clausen)