The Smart Grid - Constant Energy in a World of Constant Change. Smart Grids and Energy Storage - MicroGrids. Unrestricted

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1 The Smart Grid - Constant Energy in a World of Constant Change Smart Grids and Energy Storage - MicroGrids Answers for infrastructure and cities. Unrestricted 1

2 What is a MicroGrid? A group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources (DER) with clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid [and can] connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in both grid-connected or island mode. US Department of Energy 2

3 The Innovation Waves of change in the Electrical Industry 3-phase generator from Siemens & Halske Beginning of electrification ~ HVAC transmission lines Synchronous AC Systems HVDC with Power Electronics Interconnected grids 1970 CCPP efficiency >60% Clean & efficient fossil age 2010 Wind turbine > 6MW Multiple Stakeholders 2012 Digitalization Energy Cells (MicroGrids) XX 3

4 Smart Grid Suite Through innovation a comprehensive solution set GENERATION TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTION CONSUMPTION RAIL & MICROGRIDS BIG DATA ANALYTICS, IT INTEGRATION COMMUNICATION & AUTOMATION FIELD DEVICES SENSORS AND PROTECTION EMS DEMS ADMS Microgrids GRID CONTROL Virtual Power Plants Demand Response Meter Data Mgmt. ecar Operation Center GRID APPLICATION HMI COMMUNICATION AUTOMATION SENSORS PROTECTION POWER QUALITY SMART METER SERVICE & SMART GRID SECURITY GRID AND ENTERPRISE IT PRIMARY EQUIPMENT SMART TRANSMISSION SMART DISTRIBUTION RAIL & MICROGRIDS 4

5 Significant changes in energy systems to distributed energy and bidirectional energy balancing End-to-end Management Microgrids Hydrogen Storage Rail Wind Parks Onshore Diesel Generator Private Solar Storage Solutions Pumped Storage Power Plant Wind Parks Offshore Large Scale PV Plant Electrical Vehicles Smart Street Lighting Medium Voltage DC Connection Smart Transmission Balancing of generation & consumption Load management & peak avoidance Resiliency through automatic outage prevention & restoration Smart Distribution CO2 avoidance & cost curtailment Avoidance of non technical losses Cost optimization and improved security of supply 5

6 Focus areas of innovation for the future energy system: It s about technology, business models and public acceptance Managing Increasingly complex energy systems Cross regional electricity transfer and integration of distributed generation Automation Digitization (Modeling Studies / DEMS / MGMS / MDM / IEDs) Grids (Hybrid Power Generation CHP / SiPLINK - MVDC) Energy Storage (SieStorage - Battery / SILyzer Electrolyzer H2) Flexible & Efficient Power Generation (Wind / Solar / CCPP / Thermal / Biomass) Grid Stability and system efficiency Cost efficient use of conventional and renewable energy 6

7 Big Picture:Conversion renewable power generation to chemical storage Generation Conversion / Storage / Transport Application Electrical AC supply from battery inverters Commercial / Residential (Battery Power / H2) Direct usage without storage Intelligent Battery Storage Electric + Fuel Cell Home Photovoltaic's Mobility (Battery Power / H2) H2 or NH3 storage Fluctuating electricity generation Fuel Cell or Electric Car PEM electrolysis Energy Reconversion (Gas Power Generation) Gas / Liquid pipeline Wind Power Gas Fired Power Plant Conventional (e.g. fossil fuel) Constant electricity generation Grid Methanization / Ammonianization / CO2 utilization (Sabatier Process /Habor Bosch ) Industry (Battery Power / H2 Utilization) Industry H2 Drives the convergence between energy & industry markets 7

8 Changing infeed patterns are challenging existing grid infrastructures Weekly loading of a Distribution Substation in a rural area of LEW-Verteilnetz GmbH 2003 and 2011 Load in kw Load profile 2003 Load profile :00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 Source: LEW 8

9 SILYZER completes energy storage portfolio and supports tailored solutions for all major industries Key Statements Large scale storage typically comprises of Pumped Hydro, Compressed Air (CAES) and chemical storage such as Hydrogen and Methane The potential to extend pumped hydro capacity is limited Hydrogen is used in many industries such as the synthesis of fuel for the petrochemical Industry and the production of Ammonia / Fertiliser for the food industry; renewable onsite hydrogen production is a promising alternative to trailer/truck/piped energy fuel supply The future CO2-optimized energy scenario will require smart solutions 9

10 50MW MicroGrid MV Network BIOGAS WASTE TO ENERGY SPECTRUM POWER 7 MGMS + DEMS + MDM / SMART METER + ecar + HEMS 10

11 In summary The average efficiency of all coal power stations in the world currently stands at ~31%, (Hans-Dieter Schilling Energie-Fakten). UNSW's solar researchers have converted over 40% of the sunlight hitting a solar system into electricity, the highest efficiency ever reported. Battery storage at today's prices will only provide stability & grid-forming in a MicroGrid as prices come down, these battery systems will expand to offer load shifting. Distributed Gas / Diesel Generators + their CHP energy conversion, is up to 85% efficient when local to the load. Hybrid Generation, with Solar will offset the cost of fuel during its operating lifetime by up to 30% if Wind is included, this could exceed 70%. The existing SuperGrids designed 40 to 60 years ago that are expanded upon year in year out have onerous technical requirements, if we were to design a grid from scratch today with the innovation available, we would do so very differently. An isolated MicroGrid connected to a SuperGrid designed with today's innovation can be more than ~80% more reliable, operate ~50% more efficiently and cost ~30% less than the equivalent SuperGrid expansions of today. An Energy Cell or MicroGrid will look like a large DC battery to the SuperGrid, it will participate in the wholesale / retail energy market deriving an untapped revenue stream, whilst optimizing the peak demand cycle across our networks. 11

12 Operational efficiency Optimization of Volt/Var conditions Impact on high-voltage Impact on medium-voltage Impact on low-voltage Voltage band violation due to decentralized power generation, e.g. renewable energy Voltage band violation due to distributed. Infeed into low-voltage or medium-voltage grid, e.g. energy. Voltage band violation and overload of grid components due to distributed infeed, e.g. renewable energy Overload of cable Power quality problem caused by inverters Distribution transformer overload 12

13 Operational efficiency Optimization of Volt/Var conditions A, V, VA Var, W Regional controller Voltage P, Q P, Q Vmax VN Vmin Line length Q Consumers and distributed generation without control Semi-distributed with transformer Volt/VAR load storage control control tap control (generators, capacitor banks) smart control control combination of control devices 13

14 Fault and outage management Automated switching for isolation and service restoration LessTime thanzero 300 ms IEC 61850GOOSE NOP Fault Service location isolation restoration Distributed 14

15 Smart Polygeneration Microgrid Savona Campus System Overview Control: SICAM Microgrid Manager Automation Equipment: SICAM TM SICAM TM SICAM TM Operation modes: Grid connected - Neutral - Grid supporting - Grid supported Features: Monitoring and control Automatic mode Load and generation forecast Energy optimization (electricity& heat) SICAM Microgrid Manager SICAM TM Technical: 1 Photovoltaic plant (80 kw), 1 Battery storage (140 kwh), 3 e-car charging posts, 3 Micro-CHP (1 x 30 kwe/57 kwth, 2 x 65 kwe/120 kwth), 2 Heat storages (500 kwth), 3 Concentrated solar plants (1 kwe/kwth), 1 Absorption chillers (100 kwth) SICAM TM SICAM TM 15

16 MircoGrids The autonomy of MicroGrids / Energy Cells SuperGrid SuperGrid Co-Generation 16

17 Questions. 17