Hydrogen: Bridging Electrical & Natural Gas Systems

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1 Hydrogen: Bridging Electrical & Natural Gas Systems Daryl Wilson President & CEO Hydrogenics October 13 th, 2011 NY-BEST Advanced Energy Conference Buffalo

2 Dispatchability vs. Sustainability DISPATCHABILITY LOW MEDIUM HIGH Allows Supply-Side Management LOW Open Cycle Gas Turbine (OCGT) Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) Conventional Coal Requires Demand-Side Management MEDIUM Coal with Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) Nuclear (fission or fusion) SUSTAINABILITY Hydro Bio-energy (biomass, biogas, and biofuels) Geothermal OTEC Tidal Solar (PV & Thermal) Wave Wind HIGH with storage Legend Finite, geological resource Renewable, no UK resource Renewable, constrained resource Renewable, large resource Carbon intensity 100% Fossil Fuel 100% RE Fossil fuel cost driver Capital drives cost Imported energy Fully self-sufficient Pollution + emissions Zero-emissions HIGH LOW Source: Bryte Energy Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation 2

3 The Walls are falling on three solitudes 930 PJ 953 PJ Power to Gas - A new flow path with potential 486 PJ 88 PJ 3

4 The Smart Energy Grid Energy System Heat (BTU) Travel (Litres) Light (kwhr) Sensible Heat (BTU) Current Tool Gas Gasoline / Diesel Electrons BTU / Temperature Advantage Storage Portability Speed Secondary Recovery Hydrogen Link Hydrogen Interchanga bility Hydrogen Range over Batteries Hydrogen Clean Conversion Heat & Oxygen Available for H2 System Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation 4 Business Confidential

5 A New Bridge Between Electricity & Gas Challenge Accommodate more Renewables Electrical Transmission & Distribution Grid H2 Electrolysis + Gas Storage Creates Bridge between established infrastructure Electrical Market Secure & Balanced Operation Generation When & Where Needed Most Ontario s Gas Storage & Distribution Grid Gas Transmission & Distribution Grid Natural Gas Market Secure & Balanced Operation Confidential Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation

6 Power to Gas may be the pathway we need to allow more renewable energy absorption

Energy Storage: Many Jobs to do, Many Solutions Discharge Time at Rated Power Renewable Power Quality Energy Storage Small Power Storage Seconds Minutes Hours Days Hydrogen Energy Storage Flow

7 Energy Storage: Many Jobs to do, Many Solutions Discharge Time at Rated Power Renewable Power Quality Energy Storage Small Power Storage Seconds Minutes Hours Days Hydrogen Energy Storage Flow Batteries Metal-Air Batteries ZnBr VRB PSB Long Duration Fly Wheels NaS Batteries High Energy Super Capacitors Lead-Acid Batteries Ni-Cd Li-ion ion Other Adv. Batteries High Power Fly Wheels Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage High Power Supercaps Pumped Hydro Compressed Air Energy Storage 1 kw 10 kw 100 kw 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW 1 GW Source: Electricity Storage Association 7 7

Hydro Storage Potential Source: GM presentation, Freese, May 13, 09 0 Oct 1 CAES Potential Oct 3for 2 Mm3

8 Capacity, Not Efficiency, a Larger Driver for Renewable Storage 8000 Source: KBB underground 6000 This much could be fed into an underground hydrogen reservoir (2 M m3salt cavern): 600,000 MWh (MW) Pumped Hydro Storage Potential Source: GM presentation, Freese, May 13, 09 0 Oct 1 CAES Potential Oct 3for 2 Mm3 Oct 5 Oct 7 Oct 9 Oct 11 Oct 13 Salt Cavern Only hydrogen offers storage capacity for several days or weeks 8

For Hydrogen, it s all about Scale. Pumped Hydro Facility CAES Facility Hydrogen Facility Geesthacht Pumped-storage Power Plant EON Huntorf CAES Plant EON Huntorf converted to hydrogen storage V = 3.

9 For Hydrogen, it s all about Scale. Pumped Hydro Facility CAES Facility Hydrogen Facility Geesthacht Pumped-storage Power Plant EON Huntorf CAES Plant EON Huntorf converted to hydrogen storage V = 3.3 million m 3 H = 83 m E = 534 MWh (3 x 40 MW Turbines) Vgeo. = 0.3 million m 3 P = bar E < 580 MWh Output: 290 MW < 3h Input: 60 MW <12h Vgeo. = 0.3 million m 3 P = 60 bar Ethermal = 41,832 MWh E 40% = 16,733 MWh 9

10 Leveraging Existing Storage Assets Image Source: Enbridge Tecumseh Facility 10 10

11 Scale What Are you Trying to do? Cost Efficiency 11

12 Electrolysis Technology Roadmap Our technology development roadmap is focused on four primary areas: 1 Increase scale of electrolyzer technology 2 Reduce overall system capital costs 3 4 Improve stack efficiency Increase proprietary IP and software around energy management 12

Technology advancements result in 85-90% efficiency of conversion electrical Hydrogen to gaseous Production Rate, energy HHV [MMBTU/h] on HHV basis 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.

13 Technology advancements result in 85-90% efficiency of conversion electrical Hydrogen to gaseous Production Rate, energy HHV [MMBTU/h] on HHV basis % 90% 2010 (PEMWE) DOE 2017 Target Efficiency [HHV%] 80% 70% 60% Our commercial HySTAT 2001 (PEMWE) 2007 (PEMWE) 50% Current Density [A/cm 2 ] 2000 (PEMWE)

System Power (kw) 200 150 100 50 0 Power Measured

14 Hydrogenics is has completed work with the local IESO Study of Distributed Loads for Regulation System Power (kw) Power Measured Power SET 16:36 16:22 16:07 15:53 15:38 15:24 15:10 14:55 14

Stabilization Transportation Fuel Regeneration

Energy Storage Long Duration (monthly or

fluctuation Very large capacitor Soak up voltage

15 A New Energy Currency Hydrogen End Use Flexibility Supply & Demand Leveling Grid Stabilization Transportation Fuel Regeneration of Electricity Supply Natural Gas / Hythane Energy Storage Long Duration (monthly or seasonal) Just in Time Energy Short cycle fluctuation Very large capacitor Soak up voltage spikes from peak-wind Electrolyzer to Gas Conversion Can Drive 3 Revenue Streams Confidential - Do not duplicate or distribute without written permission from Hydrogenics Corporation

16 This is not a new idea What has changed? RE penetration operability Economic crisis surplus base load Fukushima future energy mix Germany - leadership Remaining Challenges for a Smart Energy Grid Policy impediments to monetize the value Gas interchangeability standards Scaling and cost of technology Local grid mix and operability Culture of utility innovation 16

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Power to Gas: Hydrogen Enabled Storage & Grid Stabilization

Power to Gas: Hydrogen Enabled Storage & Grid Stabilization Some fair questions Why would you want to do this? Does this work? What about efficiency? What about safety and embrittlement? Does this pay?