PHOTOVOLTAICS IN FRANCE: PRESENT SITUATION AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AT INES

Transcription

1 PHOTOVOLTAICS IN FRANCE: PRESENT SITUATION AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AT INES Philippe Malbranche, Research Programme Manager CONGRES NATIONAL PHOTOVOLTAIQUE, LAUSANNE, AVRIL AVRIL 2014 CEA 10 AVRIL 2012 PAGE 1

2 OUTLINE 1. The French PV market 2. Technological research at CEA 3. PV R&D at CEA-INES 17 AVRIL 2014 PAGE 2

3 MAIN FRENCH PV FIGURES On the way to 5 GW, 1% of total electricity consumption End of 2013 : 4673 MW installed, 4,3 TWh produced

4 DISTRIBUTION BY DEPARTMENT Situation end of 2013 : average of 47 MW/ dep

5 FRENCH ANNUAL MARKET A declining trend, resulting from the FiT moratorium end of 2010, An official objective still of 5 400MW by 2020, A stabilisation around 400 to 600 MW expected in the coming years, Some hopes around the announced «transition énergétique» : MW grid-connected 2012 : MW 2013 : 613 MW

6 INSTALLED CAPACITY DISTRIBUTION residential installations < 3 kw, representing 704 MW 939 power plants > 250 kw, representing MW Nb install P (MW) <3 kw 3< x <9 kw 9< x <36 kw 36< x <100 kw 100< x <250 kw 250 < x

7 Feed in tariffs CURRENT INCENTIVES (1/2) They promote BIPV They are revised every quarter Contract duration: 20 years Table 1: Photovoltaic feed-in tariffs 2014 (1 st quarter) Types of intallations Feed-in tariff EUR/kWh BIPV integrated to the building [0-9kW] 0,2851 BIPV simplified integration [0-36kW] [36-100kW] 0,1454 0,1381 All types of installation [0-12 MW] 0,0736

8 FIT EVOLUTION 17 AVRIL 2014 PAGE 8

9 CURRENT INCENTIVES (2/2) Calls for tenders for installations > 100 kw - First call: kW (rooftops installations, simplified integration). - Second call: > 250 kw (rooftops installations and ground mounted PV systems ) Projects selected on different criterias: Purchase price fixed by the project owner, Environmental impact (carbon footprint of PV modules), Innovation, Contribution to R&D, etc For the future, incentives linked to self-production are under study

10 R&D SUPPORT PROVIDED BY: National funding organizations: ADEME (Agency for Environment and Energy management) ANR (National Research Agency) OSEO (Agency for innovation in SME s) A research tax credit for any companies Regional Councils, departmental Councils initiatives on renewable energy sources Competitiveness clusters: TENERRDIS (RA), DERBI (LR), CAPENERGIES (PACA), etc.

11 Technological Research at CEA R & D for Nuclear Energy 10 research centers 15,000 persons 4 B budget Fundamental Research Defense Programs Technological Research for Industry DRT CEATECH

12 Technological Research : between research and industry Publications Fundamental research Patents Technological research Public and private research partnership Prototyping Industrial developments «4 P» Products

13 Key figures of LITEN in collaborators 800 patents in portfolio 209 new patents in M budget in 2013 Chambery Solar Energy & Building integration R&D 400 people Grenoble Electrical transports, Nanomaterials and biomass 750 people 120 M turnover + 30 M CEA funding

14 Research areas at LITEN Solar Energy & Buildings Electric Nanomaterials, flexible Biomass Transports electronics & Hydrogen Solar Energy Solar PV, CSP,CPV Electrical systems Energy efficiency Electric Power Batteries Fuel Cells Hybridation Nanomaterials µ-sources Energy recovery Organic electronics Storage H2 Production H2 Storage Usages

15 INES: A Solar Innovation Campus in France

16 SOME FACTS AND FIGURES Founding partners 2006 Technological Research Center: 1 Solar PV and CPV 2 - Solar thermal and CSP 3 Energy storage (thermal, electrical) 4 Energy-efficient buildings, smart grids Results Situation in 2013 Buildings : m² Equipments : 120 M cumulated Staff : 380 researchers Annual budget: 60 M 40 publications per year 75 patents filed in industrial customers : 5 start-ups 100 SME 60 industrial companies 40 international groups

17 SOME FACTS AND FIGURES Patents Cumul 2011 et 2012 Cumul Staff

18 SOME FACTS AND FIGURES Budgets Publications

19 AN INTEGRATED APPROACH, ALL ALONG THE PV VALUE CHAIN Solar mobility Energy-efficient buildings Smart grids PV systems PV modules Silicon material Solar cells

20 SI MATERIAL ACTIVITIES Metallurgical feedstock Si cast Ingot Si wafering, Si Cz Ingot

21 SI MATERIAL: SOME RESULTS World record New technique of Silicon cristallization «mono-like» DSS casting : 450kg, 95% mono, cell eff. 21,5% PAGE 21

22 PV CELLS & MODULES ACTIVITIES PV Homo junction PV Heterojunction Modules

23 SI SOLAR CELLS: MANY TECHNOLOGIES Very high conversion effiiency High efficiency Low cost Heterojunction on Monolike

24 Si heterojunction best result Voc = 733 mv Jsc = 38,0 ma/cm² FF = 79,0 % Eta = 22,2 % Cu plating metalisation 24

25 Si Heterojunction solar cell pilot line : 25

26 PILOT LINES ARE KEY TO MANUFACTURING INVESTMENT New high-throughput processes : i.e. HET, with in line TCO and a-sih deposition Cu ECD metallisation Pilote lines are key to check and guarantee performance and costs, before large-scale investments 26

27 LOCAL MANUFACTURING REMAINS POSSIBLE Local production remains possible with optimal supply chain and advanced and highly automatized manufacturing NREL + MIT Assumptions: 22,4% n-type advanced cells Automatized and large size manufacturing (reduced material and installation costs)

28 PV MODULES: VARIOUS SHAPES WITH SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS New applications, such as: PV cells directly laminated on concrete structures (slabs, balconies) Sidewalks, parking lots, streets, roads : need new criteria to be taken into account: aesthetics, weatherproof wiring and connections, heavy loads, roughness to provide high traction, translucent coating, - INES

29 PV Systems activities Balance of system BIPV Solar mobility Smart grid & storage

30 BATTMARK AFFILIATE PROGRAMME Characterise with standard protocol as many technologies as possible

31 SMART GRID INES FACILITIES

32 SOLAR MOBILITY The parking area of one car (15m²) supplies enough electricity to drive > km a year

33 SOLAR MOBILITY 2 Solar Charging Stations operated from June 2010 to November 2012: 12 parking places at INES (ILLIOPARK) 6 parking places at CEA Grenoble (HELIOPHANE) 10 TOYOTA plug-in vehicles experimented - INES ILLIOPARK (INES Chambéry) Monitoring Solar charging stations: HELIOPHANE (CEA Grenoble) Main connection to public grid (P,Q,I,V, Irradiation, temperature) Charging spots (P,Q, I,V) Sampling rate: 5s Vehicles monitoring by TOYOTA / Analysis by CEA

34 Solar Production Forecasting Algorithms Wheather Forecasting 6h-48h Satelites Images 30min-6h Local Camera 5min-30min 36

35 INES EMS / How it works Without EMS With EMS - INES 37

36 EMS Performances evaluation IMPROVEMENT OF THE SOLAR RATIO MINIMIZATION OF THE POWER PEAKS ON THE GRID NOTE: STOCHASTIC PHENOMENONS: Solar irradiance User behavior - INES SOLAR COVER (%) = SOLAR RATIO (%) = Charging Energy from PV (Wh) / Total charging Energy 38 (Wh)

37 Solar Thermal Activities Solar Thermal Collectors Thermal components for building Testing CSP

38 Energy-Efficient Building Activities Energy-efficient buildings: simulation Solar thermal Heating Systems Energy-efficient buildings : characterisation Cooling systems

39 Concentrated solar power CPV CSP: Cadarache platform for larger demonstration systems Megasol platform Thermal Storage

40 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION More information at : 42

41 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION More information at : 43

42 DISTRIBUTION OF INSTALLED CAPACITY residential installations < 3 kw, representing 704 MW 939 power plants > 250 kw, representing MW Nb install P (MW) <3 kw 3< x <9 kw 9< x <36 kw 36< x <100 kw 100< x <250 kw 250 < x

43 R&D projects funded by ADEME, ANR and OSEO Around 15 RTD projects per year Topics: crystalline silicon, thin film, new concepts, OPV, PV components and systems, storage issues, BIPV and multifunctional aspects Other studies: pre-normative work, environmental impact of processes, integration of PV in networks, etc. Annual intervention budget: 10 to 15 MEUR per year (demonstrators excluded)

44 At module level Short-term Efficiency increase Size and power increase Thinner glass Mass reduction of module frames Mid and long-term Diversification of materials Glass/glass and glass/backsheet Acrylic, polymers, etc. Diversification of shapes for: Better integration to specific requirements and applications Additional functionalities Cheaper installation - INES WHAT CAN BE SEEN NEXT?

45 ROADS, ACCESS LANES Various shapes with specific requirements Sidewalks, parking lots, streets, roads : Various criteria : Heavy loads (trucks, stones, bricks, etc.) Roughness to provide high traction Translucent coating : >90% Weatherproof wiring and connections Electrical design of a linear power plant - INES