Kann IT Speicher ersetzen? Peter Palensky Principal Scientist Head Complex Energy Systems Austrian Institute of Technology / Energy Department

Transcription

1 Kann IT Speicher ersetzen? Peter Palensky Principal Scientist Head Complex Energy Systems Austrian Institute of Technology / Energy Department

2 The future energy system Expectations Increased share of renewable energy sources Host new applications like electric vehicles or cooperative loads Optimized, resilient, flexible, robust, globalized, etc. That leads to an increment in: Distributed structure Control and management New energy technologies & markets Links to other systems IT expected to help! 2

3 IT and Energy Storage Adding IT leads to smart something Benefits if adding IT Explicitly link processes physical, market, social, etc. Control and optimize processes More knowledge (state, sensors, analytics, etc.) IT and Storage Storage Management virtual Storage 3

4 IT for Storage Management 11/7/2013 Solar Plus House Zwettl 202,80 m² Isolating bricks POROTHERM 48 m² Solar Thermal liter storage Wood stove 40 kw Activated brick walls 49 m² / 6,5 kwp Photovoltaics 4

5 IT for virtual Storage Augmented dynamics to mimic storage behavior Supply Side (primary/secondary control) Distributed Supply Side Intelligent inverters Feed limit Voltage support Demand Side Load shedding Intelligent loads Matter transport: pipes, ducts, conveyor belts, etc. Thermal inertia Schedules/programs: dishwasher, etc. Coordinated via communication links 5

6 Example Project: EcoGrid EU New energy market design and implementation Model-predictive load shed/shift Interoperability of equipment Information security System integration PowerMatcher, DEMS, grid plausibility, market platform, CellControler, etc. OpenADR Fine grained distribution grid model parameters Intelligent demand side DEMS: Decentralized Energy Management System (Siemens) OpenADR: Open Automated Demand Response 6

7 An intelligent demand side GRID Voltage support via reactive power in DG Frequency support via (fair) generation shed, or Cooperative loads MARKET: Reduce consumption peaks / end user costs Increase renewable generation Demand elasticity DG: Distributed Generation 7

8 Example: elastic demand 8

9 Example: Dynamic Voltage Support Voltage Upper limit With PV Without PV Lower limit Feeder depth Transformer Load(s) PV: Photovoltaics 9

10 EcoGrid EU Quantity Market-based operation Direct control Regulating power market EcoGrid Realtime Market Frequencycontrolled reserves Inertia Time scale Days Hours Minutes Seconds Now Volatility 10

11 DSM Time Scales DSM: Demand Side Management DR: Demand Response 11

12 Types of Demand Response Price Response: Triggered by wholesale market prices (e.g. Real-time Pricing) Goal: Peak load reduction Measure of Success: CO2 / Utility bill savings Reliability Response: Triggered by the conditions of the grid Goal: Peak load reduction upon request from Utilities or DSO/TSO Measure of success: Financial incentive based on how much electric load (kw) is reduced DSO/TSO: Distribution/Transmission System Operator 12

13 Example for DR Part 1 13

14 Example for DR Part 2 source: Reuters 14

15 Example for DR Part 3 Texas: 50% of spinning reserves from load Pumps of petrol industry Wind dropped from 1700MW to 300MW Stage 2 emergency: reserves < 1750 MW 1000 MW DR called in Feb 2008 Out of 36 GW -> 2.8% Restored in 90 minutes 15

16 Homes: PCT Programmable Communicating Thermostat 1902, Honeywell California Building Efficiency Standard 2008, Golden Power 16

17 Automated Demand Response: OpenADR ADR: Automated Demand Response HVAC: Heating Ventilation, Air Conditioning DRAS: Demand Response Automation Server EMCS: Energy Management Control System 17

18 OpenADR Bidding Example 18

19 OpenADR in Salzburg: Building2Grid Needed: Load Models 11/7/

20 Simple Load Models: Thermal Inertia Refrigerators as regulation power providers Frequency-dependent setpoint adjustment Fairness via communication 20

21 Slightly more complex load models MPC: Model Predictive Control 21

22 Modeling - Details 22

23 MPC - Results 23

24 Frequency and demand response GridFriendly (PNNL) KNIVES (Japan) California ORB Smart AC PCT 50.2 Hz problem with 10 GW PV inverters in Germany 2011? PNNL: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory AC: Air Conditioning PCT: Programmable Communicating Thermostat PV: Photovoltaics 24

25 Consumer response in Salzburg: Consumer2Grid Field Trial, 240 Households Consumer Human in the Loop Energieverbrauchs-Info Lieber Kunde, Sie haben im Monat xy 523 kwh verbraucht Lieber Kunde, Sie haben im Monat xy 523 kwh verbraucht Smart Metering System Energy- Feedback Database 11/7/

26 Challenges Interoperability ISO/IEC Road Vehicles V2G Communication Interface IEC Substation Automation CIM Common Information Model IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems ICT Security Trusted platforms, updates, personnel, etc. Complex models Automatic derivation Robustness? V2G: Vehicle to Grid 26

27 Conclusion IT can mimic storage behavior Storage potential depends on domain (building, industry, etc.) Return of investment Bits are cheaper than copper? Bits are cheaper than (real) storages No explicit storage no chemicals, etc. Replace? Not completely Enable Support Part of the solution 27

28 Thank you Peter Palensky Principal Scientist Head Complex Energy Systems Austrian Institute of Technology / Energy Department palensky@ieee.org 28