Integrating Renewables in Power Systems: The clean energy corridors. IEC Affiliate Country Programme Forum Frankfurt, Germany 11 October 2016

Transcription

1 Integrating Renewables in Power Systems: The clean energy corridors IEC Affiliate Country Programme Forum Frankfurt, Germany 11 October 2016

2 Introduction to IRENA The Intergovernmental Organisation focused on renewable energy 149 members countries (including EU) and 27 in process of accession 2

3 Shift towards renewable energy In GW PV, 63 GW wind power installed more than 25% growth from the previous year More than half of all new power generation worldwide is renewable Despite low fossil fuel prices USD 360 bln investments (USD 330 bln for power) Cost continue to fall Solar PV USD 30-48/MWh in Dubai, Mexico, Peru Wind USD /MWh in Morocco and Peru 164 countries with RE policies in place The global energy transition is ongoing

4 Renewables investments have overtaken nonrenewables Share of new electricity generating capacity 90% Sixty percent of new capacity in the last two years GW % 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% % Renewables (GW) Non-renewables (GW) Renewables (%) Non-renewables (%) 0

5 Cost of renewable power will continue to fall Renewable power generation cost will continue to fall: -26% to -59% by 2025 Source: IRENA (2016) THE POWER TO CHANGE: SOLAR AND WIND COST REDUCTION POTENTIAL TO 2025

6 Expected growth in power technologies reference 2030 REmap Source: IRENA Remap 2016

7 Clean Energy Corridors Clean Energy Corridor of Central America Pan Arab Clean Energy Corridor Greening ASEAN Power Grid African Clean Energy Corridor Economic Security of supply competitiveness and economies of Regional markets Job creation scale Reduction of environmental impacts

8 CEC Pillars - Africa Clean Energy Corridor progress RE Zoning and Resource Assessment Cost-effective, high potential solar PV, CSP and wind zones identified in EAPP and SAPP. Country and Regional Planning Least-cost System Planning Test models developed to support planning for long-term power generation expansion plans. Enabling Frameworks for Investment Supporting sustainable power system regulation development through development of enabling governance frameworks based on global good practices. Capacity Building: Various training workshops held for RE Zoning, RE planning tools and planning governance for the integration of RE in the power system. 8

9 Central America Clean Energy Corridor Priority Pillars Enabling Frameworks & Capacity Building TECHNICAL ENABLING REGULATORY ENABLING Focus group: System operators Aim: Keeping the lights on Focus group: System regulators Aim: Keeping the costs low MAINTAIN MOMENTUM FOR RE INVESTMENTS Country and Regional Planning Zoning and Resource Assessment Public Information 9

10 Energy resources in power systems Depending on local conditions, some of these are more easily available to each country s economies. Especially wind power and solar irradiation come with the additional constraint of time-variability, therefore called Variable Renewable Energies (VRE). VRE Wind Power Time variability Integration Electric Power System Solar Irradiation Not easily stored (without energy conversion)

11 Current and future VRE share in annual generation G20 Countries

12 IRENA s activities so far - System & operational planning - Off-grid business models and project design - RE Market design for Cyprus - Baseload power needs - Tariff setting SYSTEMS OPERATIONS MARKET DESIGN ENERGY PLANNING/ ECONOMICS - Flexible generation mix - Grid planning and system optimisation - Grid investments needs - Interconnectors - Renewable energy zoning TECHNICAL REGULATION INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGIES - Distribution automation - Advanced meters - Smart inverters - Synchrophasors - Storage - Grid connection codes 12

13 Unbundling and the need to coordinate system actors Traditional power system Centralized generation Utility owns grid and generators Internal rules and requirements Unbundled power system Decentralized generation Separated ownership Need for grid code governance

14 IMPACTS DEPEND ON SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS Identifying the Challenges VRE PROPERTIES Non-Synchronous Uncertainty Variability Impacts. Stability, Voltage & Frequency Response Unit commitment & Reserve allocation Ramp Capability Requirements Dispatchable capacity utilisation & cycling (start-ups) Seconds Planning of the Grid operation to ensure security System operation Generation Adequacy planning Location & modularity Power flows Voltage Years T&D Grid Adequacy planning

15 VRE Share Technical Requirements - When are they needed? The most important driver for necessity of certain technical requirements for VRE generators is the VRE share in the power system: Fully-Fledged Frequency Control Fully-Fledged Voltage Control Synthetic Inertia Operating Reserves Active Power Gradient Limitation Simulation Models Active Power Management Communication Low Voltage Ride Through Reactive Power Capability Power Reduction at Overfrequency Protection Power Quality low high

16 International standards Exchanging international experiences & practices International standards: Platform of discussion on good practices Compliance with codes: Quality infrastructure for electrotechnical sector

17 Grid Connection Codes - Stakeholders By applying at the boundary between power system and generator facility, technical requirements in grid connection codes affect different stakeholders in unbundled power systems. Grid codes are a means to achieve fair and transparent treatment of these system actors and enable efficient coordination.

18 Grid Codes and their Relation to Energy Policy Too onerous requirements can prevent reaching energy policy targets. Too lax requirements can cause reliability or stability issues if renewable installations surpass expectations. 45 % of peak demand disconnection leads to inevitable system failure! Well-structured Grid Code revision processes are crucial. Anticipate the needs of a changed system! Example: German 50.2 Hz problem All PV generators were required to disconnect from the grid if the frequency exceeded 50.2 Hz Increase in PV installations exceeded all expectations Disconnection of all PV generators at the same time can now lead to the loss of too much generation Grid code had to be revised, installations needed to be retrofitted 2.5 % of peak demand safe! 18

19 Download full report for free Link: IRENA_Grid_Codes_2016.pdf 19

20 The Age of Renewable Power is here More information, please contact: Francisco Boshell: