Electrical Storage A Survey about flexibility options

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1 Integration of Renewable Energies by distributed Energy Storage Systems Paris, 18 th September 2012 Electrical Storage A Survey about flexibility options Dr. Christian Doetsch Fraunhofer UMSICHT Germany 2012-September-18 Paris Chart 1

Change of the electric energy system Energy

managing the temporary surplus or lack of

2 Change of the electric energy system Energy System change to renewable energies much more fluctuations less base load power plants Challenges balancing the grid at each time managing the temporary surplus or lack of energy Need of energy balancing devices 2012-September-18 Paris Chart 2

BCG Electricity Storage, Making Large-Scale Adoption of Wind and Solar Energies a Reality, Mar 2010, file 41973 Growth

3 BCG Electricity Storage, Making Large-Scale Adoption of Wind and Solar Energies a Reality, Mar 2010, file Growth in Demand for Wind and Solar PV Will Likely Be Strong Across All Major Regions Through September-18 Paris Chart 3

4 Installed energy storage system vs. installed generation capacity North America Europe * Eastern Asia 2 % 6 % 3 % Installed capacity [GW] Storage Systems Total * Japan, China, Korea, Taiwan 2012-September-18 Paris Chart 4

5 Worldwide installed storage capacity for electrical energy (2010) CAES 477 MW el Compressed Air Energy Storage NaS 302 MW el Sodium-Sulphur Battery LA Redox NiCd 125 MW el 38 MW el 26 MW el Lead-Acid Battery Redox-Flow Battery Nickel-Cadmium Battery 2012-September-18 Paris Chart 5

6 Worldwide installed storage capacity for electrical energy Pumped Hydro Compressed Air Energy Storage Sodium-Sulphur Battery MW el Lead-Acid Battery Redox-Flow Battery over 99% of total storage capacity Nickel-Cadmium Battery 2012-September-18 Paris Chart 6

7 Survey Electric Energy Storage Technologies Medium-/long term Pumped Hydro Compressed Air Energy Storage Redox-flow and NaS-Batteries Lead Acid Batteries Short term / power quality Lead Acid Batteries Flywheels Double layer capacitors SMES 100,0000 Discharge Period rating [h] [h] 10,0000 1,0000 0,1000 0,0100 0,0010 0,0001 Redox Flow NaS Flywheel Double layer capacitor Lead Acid Battery SMES CAES Pumped Hydro 0,001 0,01 0, Power ratings [MW] 2012-September-18 Paris Chart 7

8 Survey Electric Energy Storage Technologies to integrate RE Medium-/long term Pumped Hydro Compressed Air Energy Storage Redox-flow and NaS-Batteries Lead Acid Batteries Short term / power quality Lead Acid Batteries Flywheels Double layer capacitors SMES 100,0000 Discharge Period rating [h] [h] 10,0000 1,0000 0,1000 0,0100 0,0010 0,0001 Redox Flow NaS Flywheel Double layer capacitor Lead Acid Battery SMES CAES Pumped Hydro 0,001 0,01 0, Power ratings [MW] 2012-September-18 Paris Chart 8

Basic technical framework there is always a real grid no ideal grid - fluctuations are local (e.g. PV) or central (e.g. wind) - demand fluctuations are local (household) or central (industry) - storages, DSM etc.

9 Basic technical framework there is always a real grid no ideal grid - fluctuations are local (e.g. PV) or central (e.g. wind) - demand fluctuations are local (household) or central (industry) - storages, DSM etc. are always local or central options Germany was, is and will be no island - grid connections to European neighbors - embedded to the European grid - important for 100% renewable energy scenario 2012-September-18 Paris Chart 9

10 Where (grid-level) could this systems be located? central electric storages - pumped hydro - hydrogen generation - compressed air energy storage decentralized huge batteries - lead acid batteries - NaS batteries - Redox-Flow batteries local batteries - lithium-ion batteries - lead acid batteries - NiMh-, NiCd batteries virtual storages - HP + thermal storage - µchp + thermal storage 2012-September-18 Paris Chart 10

11 Positive and negative storages are needed UCTE-load Minus power of wind and photovoltaics (hourly resolution) = Residual load Minus assured power of base load plants (nuclear, running water, geothermal, lignite) Minus power of combined heat and power plants (hourly resolution) = Remaining load 2012-September-18 Paris Chart 11

12 Estimations for Grid Balancing Demand (Germany, Peak Load 90 GW) Positive Ausgleichsleistung grid balancing demand (Ausspeicherbedarf) (discharging power) [GW] 50 Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (upper (oberes limit) Limit) (2008) 45 Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (lower (unteres limit) Limit) (2008) 40 Siemens (2010) 35 BCG: Compensating 'Compensating Capacity' (2010) 30 VDE Study Energy Storage (2012) Storage Grid Negative Ausgleichsleistung (Einspeicherbedarf) Negative grid balancing demand (charging power) [GW] DENA study Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (upper (unteres limit) Limit) Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (lower (oberes limit) Limit) 30 VDE Study Energy Storage Storage Grid September-18 Paris Chart 12

13 Grid Balancing Demand: Power [GW] vs. Stored Energy [GWh/a] Positive Ausgleichsleistung grid balancing demand (Ausspeicherbedarf) (discharging power) [GW] 50 Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (upper (oberes limit) Limit) (2008) 45 Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (lower (unteres limit) Limit) (2008) 40 Siemens (2010) 35 BCG: Compensating 'Compensating Capacity' (2010) 30 VDE Study Energy Storage (2012) Storage Grid Negative Ausgleichsleistung (Einspeicherbedarf) Negative grid balancing demand (charging power) [GW] DENA study Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (upper (unteres limit) Limit) Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (lower (oberes limit) Limit) 30 VDE Study Energy Storage Storage Grid Example: Grid Balancing Demand 2050 positive: approx. 40 GW negative: approx. 40 GW 2012-September-18 Paris Chart 13

14 Additional additional need discharging of negative storage power (annual duration curve) curve) Grid Balancing Demand Analysis: Power vs. Yearly Stored Energy Power [GW] Power [GW] Maximum storage, assumption: no export by interconnectors allowed Maximum storage, assumption: maximal export by interconnectors possible 10 TWh Storage Grid 2 TWh Time in hours Additional additional need charging of positive storage power (annual duration curve) curve) Maximum storage, assumption: no import by interconnectors allowed Minimum storage, assumption:maximal import by interconnectors possible 132 TWh 27 TWh Storage Grid Time in hours 2012-September-18 Paris Chart 14

15 Additional need of negative storage (annual duration curve) Grid Balancing Demand Analysis: Power vs. Yearly Stored Energy Power [GW] Power [GW] Maximum storage, assumption: no export by interconnectors allowed Maximum storage, assumption: maximal export by interconnectors possible 10 TWh Storage Grid 2 TWh Time in hours Additional need of positive storage (annual duration curve) Maximum storage, assumption: no import by interconnectors allowed Minimum storage, assumption:maximal import by interconnectors possible 132 TWh 27 TWh Storage Grid Time in hours Example: Grid Balancing Demand 2050 Discharging: 2-10 TWh Charging: TWh 2012-September-18 Paris Chart 15

16 That means: Electric storages are only an opportunity, if charging and discharging amount fits together. For other situations different grid balancing measurements has to be taken into account September-18 Paris Chart 16

Measurements for Grid-Balancing Virtual power

17 Measurements for Grid-Balancing Virtual power plant Temporary energy balancing Energy Storage Energy Storage Demand side management? Generation curtailment Ex-/Import grid enhancement Additional load (e.g. hydrogen) Permanent or inter-regional energy balancing 2012-September-18 Paris Chart 17

18 Measurements for Grid-Balancing Additional thermal storages are necessary Virtual power plant Energy Storage Energy Storage Demand side management Additional thermal storages are necessary? Generation curtailment Additional load (e.g. hydrogen) Ex-/Import grid enhancement 2012-September-18 Paris Chart 18

Thermal storages as additional electric storages Thermal storages with heat pumps combined-heat-and-power district heating domestic hot water HVAC

19 Thermal storages as additional electric storages Thermal storages with heat pumps combined-heat-and-power district heating domestic hot water HVAC decouples electric and thermal energy fluxes and enables this units to be flexible and to work as electric storage 2012-September-18 Paris Chart 19

20 Where (regional) could this systems be located? Most of these systems (µchp, HP etc.) are located in regions with high energy demand cities Many thermal storages, which allow to use these devices as electric storage have to be installed in cities 2012-September-18 Paris Chart 20

Vision Realization of high shares of renewable energies by a smart combination of different storages: Few huge centralized storages, some big

21 Vision Realization of high shares of renewable energies by a smart combination of different storages: Few huge centralized storages, some big decentralized storages and many small decentralized storages and virtual storages (incl. thermal storages) mostly located in the city September-18 Paris Chart 21

Conclusions energy balancing demand will increase due to higher penetration of fluctuating renewable energies different storage technologies will be located at different points of the grid and will

22 Conclusions energy balancing demand will increase due to higher penetration of fluctuating renewable energies different storage technologies will be located at different points of the grid and will solve different problems Germany has a good but no ideal grid (restrictions) but is embedded in the European grid energy balancing demand energy storage demand many different measurements for grid balancing, virtual (e.g. DSM) and real storages must be aggregated and operated in a coordinated way economical regulations must support these operations modes 2012-September-18 Paris Chart 22

23 IEA - ECES 26»Future Electric Energy Storage Demand«- Preface The main objective of this task is to develop a method or approach to calculate the regional energy balancing demand and to derive regional storage demand rasterizing the area and taking into account that there are competitive technical solutions. Additionally there are two important aspects. On the one hand an overview about the different technical and economical and legal framework requirements in the different countries. Case Studies: Running projects, planned projects and future projects of stationary energy storage systems. And on the other hand typical operation modes for energy storages and derived from this typical charge/discharge curves, needed for future standardizations September-18 Paris Chart 23

24 Thanks to all participants of eces26 [2012-May-14/15 4 th Meeting, Lleida Spain] Fraunhofer UMSICHT 2012-September-18 Paris Chart 24 Osterfelder-Straße Oberhausen Dr. Christian Doetsch Tel.: christian.doetsch@umsicht.fraunhofer.de

25 .besuchen Sie uns auf der Hannovermesse 2010 Halle 13, Stand D??? Dr. Christian Doetsch Tel.: September-18 Paris Chart 25

Energy Storage and the Built Environment. Steve Saunders Associate Director Arup t +44 (0)

Energy Storage and the Built Environment Steve Saunders Associate Director Arup t +44 (0)113 242 8498 steve.saunders@arup.com www.arup.com the creative force behind many of the world's most innovative