Irfan Yousuf, Director (CDM) Alternative Energy Development Board

Transcription

1 Irfan Yousuf, Director (CDM) Alternative Energy Development Board

2 Wind: 2,500 MW in pipeline and abundant potential for development Solar: Extremely rich in solar resources Hydro Small 3,000 MW (Approx.) Bagasse Cogeneration: 2,000 MW (Approx.) Waste to Energy: 1,000 MW (Approx.) Geothermal Studies underway Alternative Fuels Potential being determined Initial macro level resource maps for wind and solar developed by NREL (USA). Resource mapping and spatial planning of solar, wind and biomass energy resources has been initiated with the support of the World Bank and ESMAP s Renewable Energy Resource Mapping Initiative.

3 Generation of wastes is increasing due to: growing urbanisation & changes in life style Solid Waste Production in Pakistan ~1.6 billion metric tons per year / ranges between to kg/capita/day; growth rate 2.4% per year. A lot of money is used managing this waste Asian countries spent ~US$25 billion per year in early 1990s expected to rise to ~US$50 billion by 2025 Threat to our already degraded environment Advances in biotechnology, genetics, chemistry & engineering new manufacturing concepts converting waste materials to valuable fuels & biomaterials

4 Large amount of waste materials produced from various sectors of Pakistan industrial sectors agricultural sectors These materials are a source of: environmental pollution water pollution different diseases

5 These materials are: rich in various elements including carbon & nitrogen can be used as substrate for microbial growth production of useful metabolic products Thus, these waste materials can be a good source for production of bioenergy & biomaterials their use can address several societal needs will lead to a new manufacturing paradigm Three general categories of solid waste in Pakistan: biodegradable e.g. food & animal wastes, leaves, grass & wood non-biodegradable e.g., plastic, rubber, textile waste, metals, stones recyclable material e.g., paper, card board, and bones

6 Figure. Physical composition of solid wastes in Pakistan (% Weight).

7 Household Agriculture Units Wood Processing Industry Hotels & Restaurants Sugar Mills Waste Materials Beverage Industry Leather Industry Meat Industry Food Industry Figure. Various sources of waste materials from Pakistan.

8 Generation of Municipal Solid Waste Waste is Collected by Municipalities Waste disposed in unmanaged dumpsite Creation of Public and Environmental Health Nuisance Only 60% of the SW is collected by the Municipalities, remaining is dumped into drains, rivers and open spaces Water pollution Spread of disease Greenhouse Gas Emission Odor Nuisance Air pollution from burning garbage

9 Bacterial Polysacch arides Bioethano l Biogas Bacterial cellulose Waste Materials Biofertiliz er Biologicall y active compoun ds Antibiotic s Enzymes Figure. Various products that can be produced from waste materials from Pakistan.

10 More than 50,000 metric tons of municipal solid wastes produced every day in Pakistan, which can be converted to electricity. The local sugar industry can produce 300 MW of renewable energy by using molasses to make biogas for generation plants, and can be replaced with Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF). In cement industry, costly imported coal can be replaced with Refuse Derived Fuel. Thousands of tons of cow dung in major villages can produce gas or generate electricity. Undertaking these initiatives can facilitate in mitigating GHG emissions from BM/W2E Sector

11 On UNFCCC Agenda since negotiations in Bali 2007 Objective: Scale up mitigation activities Key Elements Developing countries undertake mitigation actions Country Ownership Voluntary actions Embedded in National Sustainable Development Priorities Wide Range of activities: Investments, Policies, Capacity Building Accountability Monitoring, Reporting and Verification Copenhagen Accord pledges name different activities of development countries as NAMAs 11

12 NAMA Oppurtunity Areas for Pakistan NAMA Typologies Sectoral / national NAMA Policies and actions Supported NAMA Unilateral NAMAs National emission targets Nat. emission intensity targets credited NAMA 12

13 Benefits of undertaking NAMAs NAMAs: contribute to national sustainable economic & human development goals & poverty reduction efforts can help addressing barriers in developing AREs can be used to access the Green Climate Fund and other financial sources (domestic, bilateral, private) attract foreign direct investment into key sectors provide incentives for home-grown technology innovation, deployment & transfer promote local economic development, contribute to energy security, & enhance industrial efficiency

14 Harnessing Municipal Waste of big Cities of Pakistan to Generate Electricity Managing Efficient disposal of municipal waste thereby improving & conserving environmental and ecological conditions Converting waste to energy to generate large capacity of electricity Contributing towards improving electricity supply demand situation Strengthening grid by generating electricity near load centers Making cities self sufficient in meeting electricity needs of their residents Reducing emission of greenhouse gases of approximately 2 million tco 2 annually Contribution towards improved and sustainable economy by providing relatively cheaper electricity

15 Economic/financial barriers: Relative Expensive ARE equipment. Financing ARE equipment/projects Large investment for planning and designing power evacuation system. Cost of extending / strengthening National Grid for power off-take Hidden costs: Import of required Expertise and Skills for developing AREs Lack of technology know-how. Lack of Industrial Manufacturing Support

16 Market failures: Nascent ARE market Best Practices are Evolving Market Research & Development is Meagre Behavioural and organizational barriers: Lack of Expertise and Knowledge of the technology in electricity transmission & distribution companies. Slow Planning, Development and Processing Undue Risk Perceptions Lesser human resource capacity and strength

17 Information barriers: Lack of Awareness regarding latest technologies, techniques and trends No or less Access to Literature related to Best Industrial Solutions and Practices Political and structural barriers: Lesser support from government departments

18 Insufficient Grid Capacity and Coverage Absence of Long Term Planning Lack of Experience amongst decision makers Insufficient Grid Capacity and Coverage

19 The policy and regulatory regime currently exist in the country includes: Section 11 of the Pakistan Environmental Project action prohibits discharge of waste in an amount or concentration that violates National Environmental Quality Standards. Draft Hazardous Substance Rules of Islamabad Capital Territory Bye Laws, 1968 by Capital Development Authority Section 132 of the Cantonment Act 1924 deals with Deposits and disposal of rubbish etc. Provisions contained in the Local Government Ordinance. Waste Management Strategy There is a dire need to develop and established a comprehensive regulatory and legislative regime to regulate municipal solid waste disposal systems.

20 The overarching objectives of the NAMA proposal are: Developing policy and regulatory regime for development and promotion of WTE projects in the country Managing Efficient disposal of municipal waste thereby improving & conserving environmental and ecological conditions Converting waste to energy to generate large capacity of electricity to the tune of 2,000 MW. Contributing towards improving electricity supply demand situation Strengthening grid by generating electricity near load centers Making cities self-sufficient in meeting electricity needs of their residents Reducing emission of greenhouse gases of approximately 2 million tco 2 annually Contribution towards improved and sustainable economy by providing relatively cheaper electricity Awareness raising among general masses to adopt best practices for disposal of household waste Capacity Building of stakeholders in the public and private sector regarding WTE concepts.

21 The NAMA for Waste to Energy Can Deliver any or all of the following: Basic Recycling Rules Waste Management Rules E-Waste management Rules Development of Environmental Performance Indicators Eco-Labeling Guidelines and its promotion Adoption of Life Cycle Assessment Approaches Guidelines for Environmentally Sound Collection and Disposal Guidelines for Model Landfill Sites Regulations & Guidelines for Establishing Waste to Energy Power Plants

22 Proposed NAMA Partners CDM Cell, Climate Change Division, Coordinating body during the NAMA development and implementation AEDB, Ministry of Water & Power, Executing and implementing department of NAMA activities CDA, Cabinet Division, Implementing partner, managing waste disposal in Islamabad LWMC, Government of Punjab, Implementing partner, managing waste disposal in Lahore Other Partnering Institutes Centre for Clean Air Policy, USA support in NAMA development UN-ESCAP support in NAMA development, marketing and financing

23 Activity Develop NAMA Implementation Plan Develop Policy framework and instruments, implementing rules and regulations, financial instruments and guidelines Capacity building of the Stakeholders Create a Revolving Fund to Promote Solid Waste management Projects Expected outputs A detailed implementation plan for NAMA will be developed The Policy Framework, rules, regulations and instruments will be in place for the promotion and development of waste to energy sector The manpower of the stakeholders at national and provincial level will be trained. Funding options will be available to undertake solid waste management projects and adopt effective SWM techniques. Time frame for completion Outcomes The Implementing Agency would be able to have a NAMA detailed implementation plan that would be marketed. A strong footing will be established for waste management and deploying waste to generate electricity to the tune of 2,000 MW all over Pakistan The national and provincial level stakeholders will have a trained manpower to operate and maintain the system as per international standards and practices. State-of-the-art waste management techniques will be promoted all over the country.

24 Potential for transformational change Disposal Other Recovery Recycling Preparing for re-use Prevention

25 Benefits of Proposed NAMA Regulatory Regime will be established that will facilitate in harnessing W2E for power generation Capacity Building of the Stakeholders will be carried out Awareness raising among general public will be done A fund will be established to finance the W2E initiatives Related Long Term Benefits Effective Waste Management Productive Use Mitigating GHGs and conserving Environment Improving Environmental and health Conditions Reducing Social Costs and social uplift Economic Development

26 Activity Proposed Financing Structure Total cost Million Euros 3 rd party financing Million Euros Requested NAMA financing Million Euros Develop NAMA Implementation Plan Develop Policy framework and instruments, implementing rules and regulations, financial instruments and guidelines Capacity building of the Stakeholders Create a Revolving Loan Fund to Promote Solid Waste management Projects Total

27 NAMA Funding Release Time Schedule ,600,000/ ,400,000/ ,300,000/ ,700,000/ ,000,000/- Subtotal 20,000,000/- * The NAMA proposal cost could vary based upon the conditions prevailing in the waste-to-energy sector at the time of approval of NAMA. Detailed financial cost of the proposal components would be finalized during development of the detailed NAMA proposal later.

28 Supporting Mechanisms for Promoting Distributed Generation (Net Metering, Wheeling, Banking etc.) in Pakistan to put 3 GW Alternative and Renewable Energy (ARE) Projects in next 10 years. Development of Legislative document, SoPs, Policy Guidelines for Distributed Generation options. Taking step towards establishing financing mechanism for Distributed Generation options. Relevant quarters will be attracted through workshops, seminars and B2B meetings in this regard. Reducing emissions app. 2.4 million tco 2 annually in the longer run. Contribution towards improved and sustainable economy by providing relatively cheaper electricity

29 Strategizing for Grid Strengthening / Improvement for evacuation of power from Wind Power Projects Develop a strategy document for evacuation of 3200 MW wind power in 5-8 years Establish strong industrial footage for wind power development Build infrastructure to reduce emission of app. 5.2 million tco 2 annually Contribution towards improved and sustainable economy by providing relatively cheaper electricity

30 Strategizing for Grid Strengthening / Improvement for evacuation of power from Solar Power Projects in Cholistan Develop a strategy document for evacuation of 1500 MW solar power in 5-8 years Establish strong industrial footage for wind power development Build infrastructure to reduce emission of app million tco 2 annually Contribution towards improved and sustainable economy by providing relatively cheaper electricity

31 Irfan Yousuf, Director (CDM) , nd Floor, OPF Building, G-5/2, Islamabad,