GLOBAL SYSTEMS Food Spring 2018

Transcription

1 GLOBAL SYSTEMS Food Spring 2018

2 Where we are Environment Economics Engineered Systems o Urbanization ofood o Water o Energy Food introduction - 2

3 Why Food is an issue Food introduction - 3

4 Current World Population 7,610,022,595 Food introduction - 4

5 means.. Demand for more food, safer food, healthier food, more sustainable food Competition for declining resources water, energy, land A heightened disconnect between metropolitan needs and existing food/ag systems Spatial Ecological Economic Socio-cultural Food introduction - 5

6 Listen to one Expert Jonathan Foley is the director of the Institute on the Environment at the University of the Minnesota, and professor and McKnight Presidential Chair in the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior. Food introduction - 6

7 Why does it matter? We will have to double food production while using no more land and water. Norman Borlaug quote: To feed our growing global population, we will have to produce the same amount of food in the next 40 years that we previously produced in the last 10,000 years. Food introduction - 7

8 Sustainability as a Wicked Problem We are increasingly asked to deliver products and services related to wicked problems. (Rittel & Weber; Conklin). Wicked Problems No definitive formulation of the problem exits. Solutions are not true or false, but better or worse. Stakeholders have radically different frames of reference. System components & cause/effect relationships are uncertain. Sustainability Prosperity, People, Planet Can t know if truly sustainable Businesses = prosperity Environmental groups = planet Social justice groups = people Consider the claim: small is sustainable, large is not. Food introduction - 8

9 The Problem with Wicked Problems Bottom line: Wicked problems are not solved, but managed. By taking actions toward desired outcomes: o System: Have system components moved in a better direction? o Process: Has there been responsiveness to the stakeholders who can veto as well as enable? Fundamental need to attend to both System and process. Food introduction - 9

10 Impacts? Food introduction - 10

11 Stakeholder Process? Food introduction - 11

12 When you put multiple impacts (3 P s) and multiple stakeholders together, what does managing sustainability look like? Food introduction - 12

13 The Crux of Managing WPs If you only care about the impacts, potential solutions will never be implemented because of one or more stakeholder vetoes. If you only care about the stakeholder process, potential solutions will never be implemented because of endless debate. Only by taking on impacts and stakeholder process simultaneously can you make progress. Food introduction - 13

14 New Knowledge Is the Key Each stakeholder brings existing knowledge. However, existing explicit and tacit knowledge are deficient. Existing knowledge is suspect to other stakeholders. Existing knowledge freezes tradeoffs in place. Only new knowledge can overcome these deficiencies. Co-creation brings process legitimacy. System innovation has the potential to turn tradeoffs into complements. Food introduction - 14

15 Managing Sustainability Serious management of sustainability involves: Focus on all the impact outcomes o People = Social o Planet = Environmental o Prosperity = Economic Focus on process outcomes o All stakeholders present knowledge institutions, entrepreneurs/ businesses, society representatives, and government. o All stakeholders engaged in innovation through new knowledge creation and experimentation. Food introduction - 15

16 Examples of Managing Sustainability Brazil s Sugar Cane Industry TransForum (The Netherlands) and Metropolitan Agriculture Food introduction - 16

17 Example 1: Brazil Sugar Industry Energy Cost ($ per gj) Prosperity P Brazilian ethanol Gasoline in Rotterdam Source: Goldemberg, 2003 Food introduction - 17

18 Brazilian Cane Processor Food introduction - 18

19 Delivering Sustainability Reduction in GHG emissions Substituting fossil fuels (50% of gasoline consumption in volume) Mitigating global warming Favorable energy balance Productivity gains ALL ABOUT THE PLANET P Low input use at farm level Reduction in soil erosion Decreasing use of water in cane mills Food introduction - 19

20 Sustainability Initiatives Related to Biofuels SUSTAINABLE BIOFUELS EU Directives NATIONAL INITIATIVES IDB IFC INTERNATIONAL BODIES OCDE IEA G8 +5 GLOBAL MULTISTAKEHOLDER INITIATIVES FAO UNE P ISO NL UK DE SE USA BR CRAMER Cramer Commission CEN European Committee for Standardization Prepared by UNICA v. jun09 RTFO Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation Greenergy Meó/ISC C Biofuel Quota Law Ordinance for sustainability requirements Low CVP Fuels Stockholm Environment Institute SEKAB IB SEI BAFF Sistema de Verificação. da Atividade Agropecuária LCFS Low Carbon Fuel Standard VERIFIED SUSTAINABLE ETHANOL PBCB Brazilian Biofuels Certification Program RFS Renewable Fuel Standard Scorecar d INMETRO Equator Principles PRIVATE BANKS SDG Sugarcane Discussion Group Task 39 Liquid Biofuels from Biomass BSI Better Sugarcane Initiative Prop. GBEP RSB ABNT+DI N Global Bioenergy Round Table Partnership on Sustainable Biofuels Rainforest Rainforest Alliance RSPO RTRS Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil Roundtable on Responsible Soy

21 Machine Harvesting of Cane Food introduction - 21

22 Brazilian Sugar 3P Sustainable? Industry has made great Profit: Improved progress, but Free from importing energy no silver bullet Capable of exporting energy has emerged! Planet: Improved 9 barrels of oil equivalent for every barrel put into industry Elimination of burning cane fields People:??? Positive impacts for profit and planet Tens of thousands of uneducated, unskilled workers being put out of work in rural Brazil Food introduction - 22

23 New Efforts on Sustainability National Agreement to Enhance Work Conditions in the Sugar Cane Industry (signed June 2009) Ministry of Labor (Federal Government) UNICA Workers Unions ALL ABOUT THE PEOPLE P Best practices go beyond labor laws: Certificate of Conformity Education, training and placement assistance to 7,000 workers/year Food introduction - 23

24 Example 2: TransForum Dutch Innovation Program 60 million euros, 50/50 funding partnership between private and public sectors of agriculture 6 year life ( ) Goal: Increase sustainability of Dutch ag TransForum sponsored practice projects (30+ experiments) Multiple scales of agriculture Multiple parts of the supply chain Product, process and marketing innovation Example: Rondell Food introduction - 24

25 A new technological design Food introduction - 25

26 Unique packaging & marketing Food introduction - 26

27 Unique Transparency Food introduction - 27

28 The TransForum Model High performance projects: Addressed all three P s. Had full multi-stakeholder engagement. o Business, government, NGOs, and knowledge institutions o Collaboration and not mere participation o Open to experimentation and learn Treated sustainability as dynamic and not a thing. Created system innovation and learning Food introduction - 28

29 Relevance to Engineering The hardware of managing sustainability in the global agfood-bio system will demand engineering innovation and implementation. But hardware alone will not be enough. Software and orgware Sustainability will require: o o All three P s: Prosperity, People and Planet Multi-stakeholder creation of new knowledge and innovation Engineers must be at the table, and they need to be responsive to the needs of the 3Ps and all the stakeholders Sustainability has to be real. Easy solutions cannot be real. One-sided solutions cannot be real. Mere claims of good science cannot be real. 3 Ps, multi-stakeholder, new knowledge, and innovation can be real. Food introduction - 29

30 Relevance to Engineering In whatever role you play in the future, keep an open mind and be guided by new knowledge and innovation. Put aside old myths about what is and isn t sustainable. We will need a whole host of system innovations. o o o o o Large scale and small scale Plant and animal Local and global Community-based and commercial/industrial Rural and urban Recall where we began. In the next 40 years we will need to produce as much food as we have produced in the last 10,000. This is a wicked problem to manage with great care, broad participation and innovation. Food introduction - 30

31 Agri-Food-Bio Supply Chain Consumers BIOECONOMY Bio Retailers Bio Mfrs./Wholesalers/Dists. Biorefineries Food Retailers Food Wholesalers/Distributors Food Mfrs./Processors FOOD ECONOMY Assemblers/Handlers AG ECONOMY Ag Producers Input Suppliers Food introduction - 31