Renewable energy in the Spanish electricity system

Transcription

1 Renewable energy in the Spanish electricity system 216

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3 Renewable energy in the Spanish electricity system 216

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5 Introduction The development of renewable energy is one of the objectives of the Clean Energy package proposed by the European Commission in order to move towards a decarbonised energy model. However, the integration of renewable energy due to it being intermittent, variable and highly unpredictable represents an enormous challenge for system operation due to the special nature associated to its control and generation. Red Eléctrica de España (REE), as transmission agent and operator of the Spanish electricity system, makes a significant effort to integrate renewable energy into the system. The Control Centre of Renewable Energies (CECRE), is the pioneering technological tool that has been facing up to the challenge of incorporating this type of energy into the operation of the electricity system under reliable and safe conditions. More than ten years ago, renewable energies started to play an important role in the electricity generation structure and nowadays they represent one of the main sources of energy in the entire set of electricity generating facilities not only in Spain, but also in many other countries. It is not surprising, therefore, that there is significant public interest in knowing the statistical data regarding its evolution and how it works. In response to this interest, Red Eléctrica has decided to publish the first edition of this report entitled 'Renewable energy in the Spanish electricity system 216, with the objective of ratifying REE's role as a point of reference regarding information about the Spanish electricity system. The report presents an overview of the role of renewable energy in Spain in 216 and how it has evolved over recent years. It is divided into four main chapters: Energy from the wind, Energy from water, Energy from the sun and Energy from the Earth and sea, and a fifth one that consolidates the data included in the aforementioned chapters and which is entitled 'Renewable energy in 216'. The latter has been included at the beginning of the report as the first chapter in order to provide the reader with an initial overview of the behaviour of renewable energy during the year. In addition, the digital version of this report is supplemented by Excel files that allow detailed data to be displayed and downloaded. This information is available on the corporate website along with other publications and statistics that REE periodically makes available to the public. As part of its continued effort to improve, REE s aim is to offer a quality service for all users. To this end the following address redelectrica@ree.es is made available to the public, as a channel through which suggestions and observations may be submitted.

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7 TABLE OF CONTENTS Renewable energy in 216 Energy from the wind Energy from water p 6 p 14 p Energy from the sun p 36 Energy from the Earth and the sea p 52 Glossary of terms p 61

8 Renewable energy in 216 1

9 1 / RENEWABLE ENERGY IN Renewable energy in Spain represented more than 45 % of the installed power capacity in 216 and almost 39 % of national generation. The share of renewables reached almost 41% in the Spanish peninsular system, which accounts for about 95% of national generation. (%) BREAKDOWN OF INSTALLED POWER CAPACITY STRUCTURE NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM AS AT (15,279 MW) Nuclear Coal Fuel/gas Combined cycle Cogeneration Pure pumpedstorage Waste Renewables Hydro (1) Wind Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Remaining renewables (2) (1) Includes conventional hydro, mixed pumped storage and hydro that does not belong to a Hydro Management Unit (HMU), (2) Includes biogas, biomass, geothermal, marine hydro, windhydro and renewable waste. // Source: Data from the National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC) and REE. (%) ELECTRICITY GENERATION MIX IN 216 NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM (258,787 GWh) Nuclear Coal Fuel/gas Combined cycle Cogeneration Waste Renewables Hydro (1) Wind Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Remaining renewables (2) (1) Does not include pumped storage generation. (2) Includes biogas, biomass, geothermal, marine hydro, windhydro and renewable waste. // Source: REE.

10 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / The evolution of installed renewable power capacity in Spain over the last ten years shows that wind and solar technologies have been the drivers of the huge increase seen over this period, a growth of almost 7% compared to the figure for 27. Renewable energies have increased their relevance in the overall national electricity generation mix with a share of almost 39% (MW) EVOLUTION OF INSTALLED RENEWABLE POWER CAPACITY NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Hydro (1) Wind Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Remaining renewables (2) (1) Includes conventional hydro, mixed pumped storage and hydro that does not belong to a Hydro Management Unit (HMU), (2) Includes biogas, biomass, geothermal, marine hydro, windhydro and renewable waste. // Source: Data from the National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC) and REE. (%) (%) (MtCO2) EVOLUTION OF RENEWABLE/NONRENEWABLE GENERATION AND CO2 EMISSIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ELECTRICITY GENERATION NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM (Million tco 2 ) Renewables: hydro, wind, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal and remaining renewables. Nonrenewables: nuclear, coal, fuel/gas, combined cycle, cogeneration and waste. Emissions (Million tco 2 ) Source: REE.

11 1 / RENEWABLE ENERGY IN in 216, almost twice as much as ten years ago. In the Spanish peninsular system, which represents around 95% of all national production, the share of renewables in the generation mix reached 4.8%. This progressive increase in renewables has led to a decrease in CO 2 emissions as these energies have been replacing the use of fossil fuels in electricity production. Specifically, the level of emissions from electricity generation in 216 stood at 63.5 million tonnes of CO 2, 18.3% below the 215 level and 43.1% lower than the level registered in 27. Wind energy is the most relevant renewable technology and also plays a prominent (%) ANNUAL RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION STRUCTURE IN 216 NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM (1,748 GWh) Hydro (1) Wind Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Other renewables (2) Windhydro Renewable waste (3) (1) Does not include pumped storage generation. (2) Includes biogas, biomass, marine hydro and geothermal. (3) 5% of generation obtained using urban solid waste is considered as renewable. role in the electricity generation mix, ranking as the second source in 216 with a share of 18.4% of the total national production. Regarding renewable sources, wind energy alone accounted for 47.3% of all renewable generation in 216. Since 27, wind energy has been the main source of renewable generation, due to its regularity and more importantly to the fact that installed wind power capacity has grown year on year. In fact, unlike hydropower, whose dependence on meteorological conditions is extremely high, wind energy is much more constant in its production, although it also has a certain degree of dependence on meteorological conditions. (GWh) EVOLUTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Hydro (1) Wind Solar photovoltaic Solar thermal Remaining renewables (2) (1) Does not include pumped storage generation. (2) Includes biogas, biomass, geothermal, marine hydro and renewable waste. // Source: REE. Data regarding the Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands available as of 26 and Melilla since 27.

12 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / (%) SHARE OF INSTALLED RENEWABLE POWER CAPACITY PER AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY IN RELATION TO NATIONAL RENEWABLE POWER CAPACITY AS AT Castilla y León Galicia 14.9 Andalusia Cast.La Mancha Extremadura Catalonia Aragón Com. Valenciana 4.7 Navarra Asturias Murcia La Rioja País Vasco Canary Islands Madrid Cantabria Balearic Islands Melilla Source: Data from the National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC) and REE. (%) SHARE OF RENEWABLE GENERATION PER AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY IN RELATION TO NATIONAL RENEWABLE GENERATION AS AT Castilla y León Galicia Andalusia Cast.La Mancha Aragón Catalonia Extremadura Navarra Com. Valenciana Asturias Murcia La Rioja País Vasco Canary Islands Madrid Cantabria Balearic Islands Melilla Source: REE By autonomous community, most of the installed renewable power capacity is located in Castilla y León, Galicia, Andalusia and CastillaLa Mancha, which together account for almost 62% of the installed renewable power capacity nationwide. In five autonomous communities, more than half of the installed power capacity is renewable. Of these, head and shoulders above the rest is Castilla y León as 74% of its power capacity is renewable, also making it the community with more megawatts of installed renewable generation capacity. By technology, Castilla y León leads the four autonomous communities with the greatest amount of installed wind power capacity, followed by CastillaLa Mancha, Galicia and Andalusia. Regarding hydro, Castilla y León and Galicia stand out and a bit further down in the ranking is Extremadura, which is a region that stands out for its installed power capacity based on solar technologies. Andalusia is the region with the highest installed power capacity of solar photovoltaic and solar thermal. As for the contribution of renewable generation to the total energy generated, in 216 five autonomous communities registered figures in excess of 5%, led by Navarra with more than 7% of its total generation being of renewable origin.

13 1 / RENEWABLE ENERGY IN Castilla y León is the region with the most installed renewable capacity, representing just over 22% of the installed renewable power capacity in Spain in 216; Galicia, Andalusia and CastillaLa Mancha follow. Together these four regions account for nearly 62% of total renewable power capacity nationwide. (%) (MW) RENEWABLE POWER/TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY RATIO AND RENEWABLE POWER CAPACITY AS AT ASTURIAS 3 % 1,345 MW CANTABRIA 19 % 154 MW PAÍS VASCO 14 % 422 MW NAVARRA 51 % 1,468 MW GALICIA 65 % 7,136 MW CASTILLA Y LEÓN 75 % 1,617 MW EXTREMADURA 65 % 3,725 MW LA RIOJA 42 % 594 MW MADRID 46 % 223 MW CASTILLALA MANCHA 7 % 5,782 MW ARAGÓN 47 % 3,328 MW CATALONIA 29 % 3,577 MW COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA 27 % 2,25 MW BALEARIC ISLANDS 5 % 121 MW ANDALUSIA 39 % 6,51 MW CEUTA MELILLA 1 % 1 MW MURCIA 18 % 781 MW CANARY ISLANDS 12 % 335 MW < 25% 25 to < 35% 35 to < 5% 5% Source: Data from the National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC) and REE.

14 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / (%) (GWh) RENEWABLE GENERATION/TOTAL GENERATION RATIO AND RENEWABLE GENERATION IN 216 ASTURIAS 25 % 3,3 GWh CANTABRIA 33 % 427 GWh PAÍS VASCO 19 % 1,3 GWh NAVARRA 63 % 3,59 GWh GALICIA 57 % 17,453 GWh CASTILLA Y LEÓN 73 % 22,941 GWh EXTREMADURA 27 % 5,719 GWh LA RIOJA 54 % 1,247 GWh MADRID 37 % 447 GWh CASTILLALA MANCHA 52 % 11,89 GWh ARAGÓN 54 % 7,612 GWh CATALONIA 17 % 7,444 GWh COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA 18 % 3,559 GWh BALEARIC ISLANDS 6 % 258 GWh ANDALUSIA 39 % 12,843 GWh CEUTA MELILLA 2 % 5 GWh MURCIA 35 % 1,47 GWh CANARY ISLANDS 8 % 72 GWh < 25% 25 to < 35% 35 to < 5% 5% Source: REE. (%) RENEWABLE GENERATION REGARDING TOTAL GENERATION IN SPAIN AND THE AVERAGE OF A SELECTION OF ENTSOE MEMBER COUNTRIES Spain ENTSOE (1) (1) Due to the unavailability of data for the whole series of some countries, the evolution chart contains information only from: Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Czech Republic, France, FYROM (Macedonia), Greece, Holland, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Poland, Portugal, Czech Republic, Romania and Switzerland. Pumped storage generation is not included in Spain s data.

15 1 / RENEWABLE ENERGY IN In comparison with the rest of the European countries, Spain ranks fourth in volume of renewable generation. Regarding the contribution of renewable energy to total generation, Spain always has figures above the European average, which has also seen a positive evolution in recent years due to the renewable energy and CO 2 emissions targets set by the European Union. (%) RENEWABLE ENERGY IN RELATION TO TOTAL PRODUCTION IN ENTSOE MEMBER COUNTRIES IN % 97.8 % 44.6 % 57.3 % 13.8 % 24.3 % 62.3 % 54.2 % 5.8 % 38.9 % 22.8 % 17.9 % 11.8 % 16.3 % 29.7 % 14.1 % 16.2 % 11.3 % 26.6 % 34.7 % 61.7 % 1.6 % 32.4 % 67.5 % 44.3 % 34.1 % 25.1 % 38.6 % 17. % 46.7 % 34.3 % 55.6 % 35.5 % 4.8 % < 1% 1% and < 2% 2% and < 3% 3% Source: ENTSOE. Data portal 24 May 217. Great Britain includes data for Northern Ireland. Spain REE.

16 Energy from the wind 2

17 2 / ENERGY FROM THE WIND 15 Wind power is the main source of renewable electricity generation in Spain, with 23,57 MW of installed power capacity by the end of 216. Although this figure has remained practically unaltered over the last three years, Spain continues to be among the European leaders and currently is ranked second in regard to installed wind power capacity. Wind power in Spain accounts for 21.9% of the installed power capacity in the entire set of generation facilities, standing at 23,57 MW by the end of 216. This figure is the result of more than a decade of ongoing and increased growth in wind power capacity, despite the fact that this value has remained virtually unchanged over the last three years. In 216, wind energy was the second source of generation, accounting for 18.4% of the total annual national generation. Compared to 215, wind energy generation registered a slight decrease of.9%. With regard to the entire set of renewable technologies, wind energy is the most relevant in both installed power capacity and generation. Specifically, it accounts for almost half of the total installed renewable power capacity, and represented 47.3% of the total renewable energy generated on the Spanish peninsula in 216. February was the month in which more wind energy was generated, almost 2% above the monthly maximum value of the previous year which was also registered in February. In addition, it was the technology that contributed most to national production in the months of January (25.5%), February (28.8%) and March (24.%). During 216, alltime records for hourly and daily wind energy production were set: on 11 January, the maximum hourly energy generation was recorded at 17,39 MWh between 1: pm and 2: pm, 1% more than the alltime high of 17,213 MWh, registered on 19 January 215. On 12 February 216, the annual daily wind power energy record was recorded with a value that was 3.6% higher than that registered in January 215. By autonomous community, Castilla y León is the region with more installed wind power capacity, representing almost 25% of the national total, followed by CastillaLa Mancha, Galicia and Andalusia. These four autonomous communities alone account for 7% of the installed wind power capacity in Spain. Compared with other European countries, Spain is the country with the second highest installed wind power capacity behind Germany, which is clearly the leader with just over 49 GW of installed capacity. In terms of generation share, the clear leader is Denmark, where wind energy accounts for more than 44% of its electricity production, with Spain currently ranking fifth among ENTSOE member states.

18 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / , (MW) (%) INSTALLED WIND POWER CAPACITY NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM (MW) (%) 9 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, Cumulative (MW) Year (MW) Variation (%) Source: Data from the National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC). Data regarding the Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands available as of 26. (MW) INSTALLED WIND POWER CAPACITY PER AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY. NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM AS AT ASTURIAS 494 MW CANTABRIA 35 MW PAÍS VASCO 194 MW GALICIA 3,351 MW LA RIOJA 448 MW NAVARRA 1,17 MW CATALONIA 1,284 MW CASTILLA Y LEÓN 5,679 MW ARAGÓN 1,816 MW MADRID EXTREMADURA CASTILLALA MANCHA 3,8 MW COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA 1,193 MW BALEARIC ISLANDS 4 MW ANDALUSIA 3,326 MW MURCIA 263 MW CEUTA MELILLA CANARY ISLANDS 153 MW < 5 MW 5 to < 1,5 MW 1,5 to < 3, MW 3, MW Source: Data from the National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC).

19 2 / ENERGY FROM THE WIND 17 (%) SHARE OF INSTALLED WIND POWER CAPACITY IN RELATION TO THE NATIONAL TOTAL AS AT Castilla y León CastillaLa Mancha Galicia Andalusia Aragón Catalonia Com. Valenciana Navarra Asturias La Rioja Murcia País Vasco Canary Islands Cantabria Source: Data from the National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF WIND ENERGY FACILITIES ON THE SPANISH PENINSULA AS AT max min 4 kv Transimission Grid 2 kv Transmission Grid Source: REE.

20 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / Castilla y León is the region with the highest share of wind power generation, reaching a peak of 23% of wind energy produced in Spain in 216; followed by CastillaLa Mancha, Galicia and Andalusia. Together, these four regions alone accounted for 7 % of the total wind energy generated in 216. (GWh) WIND ENERGY GENERATION IN 216 PER AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY. NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM ASTURIAS 798 GWh CANTABRIA 71 GWh PAÍS VASCO 332 GWh GALICIA 7,311 GWh CASTILLA Y LEÓN 1,94 GWh ARAGÓN 4,226 GWh MADRID EXTREMADURA LA RIOJA 934 GWh CASTILLALA MANCHA 7,678 GWh NAVARRA 2,572 GWh COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA 2,225 GWh CATALONIA 2,684 GWh BALEARIC ISLANDS 5 GWh ANDALUSIA 7,6 GWh MURCIA 465 GWh CEUTA MELILLA CANARY ISLANDS 394 GWh < 5 GWh 5 to < 2,5 GWh 2,5 to < 7,5 GWh 7,5 GWh Source: REE.

21 2 / ENERGY FROM THE WIND 19 (GWh) WIND ENERGY GENERATION NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Source: REE. Data regarding the Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands available as of 26. (%) SHARE OF WIND ENERGY GENERATION PER AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY IN RELATION TO TOTAL NATIONAL WIND GENERATION IN 216 Castilla y León CastillaLa Mancha Galicia Andalusia Aragón Catalonia Navarra Com. Valenciana La Rioja Asturias Murcia Canary Islands País Vasco Cantabria Source: REE.

22 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / In 216, wind energy was the second source of electricity generation in Spain, slightly over 18% of the total, and in the first three months of the year it was the main technology in the overall generation mix, noteworthy was February, in which wind energy, with more than 6, GWh, covered almost 29% of the total generation of that month. (GWh) (%) NATIONAL WIND ENERGY GENERATION, MONTHLY MAXIMUM VALUES AND SHARE IN THE TOTAL GENERATION MIX NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM (GWh) (%) 7, 35 6, 3 5, 25 4, 2 3, 15 2, 1 1, Wind energy generation (GWh) Monthly maximum value (GWh) Wind energy generation / Total generation (%) Source: REE. Data regarding the Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands available as of 26 and Ceuta and Melilla since 27.

23 2 / ENERGY FROM THE WIND 21 (%) SHARE OF WIND ENERGY GENERATION IN THE TOTAL GENERATION MIX NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM Source: REE. Data regarding the Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands available as of 26 and Ceuta and Melilla since (%) MONOTONOUS CURVE OF THE SHARE OF WIND ENERGY GENERATION IN DEMAND COVERAGE SPANISH PENINSULAR ELECTRICITY SYSTEM 1, 2, 3, 5, 8,784 No. of hours Representation of the share of wind energy generation in demand coverage throughout the whole of the year divided in hourly periods and sorted by its greater to lesser share in the generation mix. // Source: REE.

24 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / (%) INSTALLED WIND POWER CAPACITY IN RELATION TO TOTAL POWER CAPACITY IN ENTSOE MEMBER COUNTRIES AS AT % 2.4 % 8.4 % 15.1 % 12.8 % 24.2% 34.1 % 13. % 2.4 % 14.3 % 11.1 % 11.3 % 24.2 % 14.9 % 5.7 % 1.4 %.4 % 8. %.3 % 1.1 % 4. %.1 % 9.2 % 14.6 % 21.8 % 7.1 % 2.1 % 5.5 % 25.9 % 1. % 9. % < 5% 5% to < 1% 1% to < 15% 15% Source: ENTSOE. Data portal 24 May 217. Great Britain includes data for Northern Ireland. Spain REE. // Note: data for Slovakia, Slovenia, France, FYROM (Macedonia), Great Britain, Greece, Holland, Hungary, Ireland, Sweden and Switzerland correspond to 215, data for 216 was not available at the close of this report.

25 2 / ENERGY FROM THE WIND 23 (%) WIND ENERGY GENERATION IN RELATION TO TOTAL GENERATION IN ENTSOE MEMBER COUNTRIES AS AT % 1.4% 4.6 % 1.2 % 5.7 % 21.2 % 44.4 % 28.5 % 2. % 11.9 % 7.1 % 6.4 % 12.8 % 7.9 % 3.9 % 4.3 %.2 %.6 %.2 % 7.3 % 2.4 %.4 % 8.9 % 1.8 % 18.4% 6.3 % 2.2 % 3.5 % 21.8 % 1.2 % 4.8 % < 5% 5% to < 1% 1% to < 15% 15% Source: ENTSOE. Data portal 24 May 217. Great Britain includes data for Northern Ireland. Spain REE.

26 Energy from water 3

27 3 / ENERGY FROM WATER 25 Hydropower is the second source of renewable electricity generation in Spain with 17,25 MW of installed power capacity by the end of 216. Although this technology has shown constant growth for over a century, in the last decade it has been losing ground to wind energy, which has consolidated itself as a leader among renewable energy sources. Hydropower was traditionally the main renewable source in Spain, until 29 when it was overtaken by wind energy. Since then, it has clearly remained the second renewable source of energy registering a total of 17,25 MW of installed power capacity by the end of 216 (without considering pure pumped storage). Regarding total national installed capacity, hydropower represents 16.2%, which ranks it as the third renewable technology behind combined cycle and wind. Hydropower generation in Spain is extremely variable, reaching over 4, GWh in wet years, while in dry years said volume is reduced by almost half. On average, 216 was a wet year, with hydropower production standing at 35,798 GWh, a value that is almost 28% more than in 215. In this regard, hydropower contributed 13.8% to the total national electricity production, ranking fourth among generation technologies, up from 1.6% last year. With regard to the entire set of renewable technologies available, hydropower ranked second behind wind with 35.5% of the total renewable energy generated nationwide. there is a greater contribution of hydroelectric generation due mainly to the snowmelt and also to the greater rainfall registered in these months. In 216, April was the month in which more hydroelectric generation was produced with just over 5,2 GWh (36.8% higher than the previous year's maximum value) and May was the month in which this technology contributed the most to the total generation mix, reaching almost 25% of the total generation of said month. Historically, the final months of winter and the first months of spring are periods in which

28 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / One of the main advantages of this technology compared to other renewable energy sources is its manageability, which is evidenced by observing the average daily curve of hydropower share in relation to the total generation. This shows how the greatest contribution of this technology coincides with the demand peaks that occur in the morning and the lateevening. Hydroelectric reserves closed 216 with values below their statistical average level, despite the fact it was a wet year in hydrological terms (rainfall). Reserves were above the statistical average in the first nine months of the year and below it in the last quarter, with the complete set of reservoirs closing the year with a fill level a little over 39%, which means seven percentage points less than at the end of 215. By autonomous community, Castilla y León is the community with the most installed hydropower capacity, almost 26% of the national total. This is due to the fact that the Duero basin, the second most important basin on the Iberian Peninsula, lies exclusively in this region. It is followed by Galicia with about 22% of the national total, a region that holds much of the northern basin, which is the most important in installed power capacity terms and that also includes Asturias, Cantabria and part of the Basque Country. Five autonomous communities together account for 8% of the total installed hydropower capacity: Castilla y León, Galicia, Extremadura, Catalonia and Aragón. In comparison with other European countries, in 216 Spain was ranked fourth in installed hydropower capacity and fifth, behind Norway, Sweden, France and Italy, in the amount of energy generated using this technology. (MW) INSTALLED HYDROPOWER CAPACITY (1) NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM 2, 18, 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, (1) Includes conventional hydro, mixed pumped storage and hydro that does not belong to a Hydro Management Unit (HMU) // Source: Data from the National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC) and REE.

29 3 / ENERGY FROM WATER 27 Five autonomous communities account for 8 % of Spain s installed hydropower capacity, led by Castilla y León with the Duero basin, which with a total of 4,398 MW of installed power capacity by the end of 216, represents almost 26% of the total national hydropower capacity. (MW) INSTALLED HYDROPOWER CAPACITY (1) PER AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY. NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM AS AT ASTURIAS 84 MW CANTABRIA 98 MW PAÍS VASCO 173 MW GALICIA 3,693 MW LA RIOJA 56 MW CASTILLA Y LEÓN 4,398 MW ARAGÓN MADRID 1,329 MW 19 MW EXTREMADURA 2,278 MW CASTILLALA MANCHA 651 MW NAVARRA 45 MW CATALONIA 1,917 MW COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA 64 MW BALEARIC ISLANDS ANDALUSIA 599 MW CEUTA MELILLA MURCIA 11 MW CANARY ISLANDS 1 MW < 5 MW 5 to < 1,5 MW 1,5 to < 3, MW 3, MW (1) Includes conventional hydro, mixed pumped storage and hydro that does not belong to a Hydro Management Unit (HMU) // Source: Data from the National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC) and REE.

30 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / (%) SHARE OF INSTALLED HYDROPOWER CAPACITY (1) PER AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY IN RELATION TO THE NATIONAL TOTAL. NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM AS AT Castilla y León Galicia Extremadura Catalonia Aragón Asturias CastillaLa Mancha Com. Valenciana Andalusia Navarra País Vasco Madrid Cantabria La Rioja Murcia (1) Includes conventional hydro, mixed pumped storage and hydro that does not belong to a Hydro Management Unit (HMU) // Source: Data from the National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC) and REE. Does not include pure pumped storage capacity. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATIONS ON THE PENINSULA AS AT max min 4 kv Transmission Grid 22 kv Transmission Grid Source: REE.

31 3 / ENERGY FROM WATER 29 (GWh) HYDROELECTRIC POWER GENERATION NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Source: REE. Does not include pumped storage generation. Data regarding the Canary Islands available as of 26. (GWh) HYDROELECTRIC POWER GENERATION AS AT PER AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY. NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM ASTURIAS 1,959 GWh CANTABRIA 238 GWh PAÍS VASCO 371 GWh GALICIA 9,721 GWh LA RIOJA 174 GWh NAVARRA 534 GWh CASTILLA Y LEÓN 1,926 GWh ARAGÓN 3,38 GWh MADRID 153 GWh CATALONIA 3,967 GWh EXTREMADURA 2,46 GWh CASTILLALA MANCHA 828 GWh COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA 713 GWh BALEARIC ISLANDS ANDALUSIA 696 GWh CEUTA MELILLA MURCIA 36 GWh CANARY ISLANDS 3 GWh < 5 GWh 5 to < 1,5 GWh 1,5 to < 3, GWh 3, GWh Source: REE. Does not include pumped storage generation.

32 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / (GWh) HYDROELECTRIC POWER GENERATION BY HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN PENINSULAR ELECTRICITY SYSTEM 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, North Duero Tajo+Júcar+Segura Guadiana GuadalquivirSouth EbroPirineo Source: REE. Does not include pumped storage generation. (%) SHARE OF HYDROPOWER IN THE TOTAL GENERATION MIX NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM Source: REE. Data regarding the Canary Islands available as of 26. Does not include pumped storage generation.

33 3 / ENERGY FROM WATER 31 (GWh) (%) NATIONAL HYDROELECTRIC POWER GENERATION, MONTHLY MAXIMUM VALUES AND SHARE IN THE TOTAL GENERATION MIX NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM (GWh) (%) 6, 3 5, 25 4, 2 3, 15 2, 1 1, Hydroelectric power generation (GWh) Monthly maximum value (GWh) Hydroelectric power generation / Total generation (%) Source: REE. Data regarding the Canary Islands available as of 26. Does not include pumped storage generation. (%) AVERAGE SHARE OF HYDROPOWER IN RELATION TO TOTAL GENERATION THROUGHOUT THE DAY Source: REE. Does not include pumped storage generation.

34 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / (GWh) (%) INSTALLED HYDROPOWER CAPACITY (1) AND HYDROELECTRIC RESERVES BY HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN AS AT 31 DECEMBER 1,2 GWh 35 % North: 5,184 MW 2,277 GWh 47 % 1,8 GWh 45 % EbroPirineo: 3,444 MW Duero: 3,968 MW Tajo+Júcar+Segura: 3,618 MW 1,952 GWh Guadiana: 241 MW 421 GWh 342 GWh 31 % 5 % 4 % GuadalquivirSouth: 569 MW National reserves (GWh) Total 7,272 GWh Average national reservoir fill level (%) 39 % (1) Includes conventional hydro, mixed pumped storage and hydro that does not belong to a Hydro Management Unit (HMU) // Source: REE. (GWh) (%) EXTREME VALUES OF PENINSULAR HYDROELECTRIC RESERVES Historical 216 values GWh Date % Date % Maximum Annual 7,219 May May Hyperannual 6,49 May April Overall total 13,75 May April Minimum Annual 2,274 Nov January Hyperannual 3,843 Dec November Overall total 6,168 Nov October Source: REE.

35 3 / ENERGY FROM WATER 33 (GWh) TOTAL HYDROELECTRIC RESERVES 19, 17, 15, Statistical maximum 13, 11, 9, 7, 5, 3, Statistical minimum Statistical average (GWh) Maximum capacity (GWh) Reserves (GWh) Statistical maximum and minimum levels: average of the maximum and minimum values for the last 2 years. // Source: REE. (GWh) (%) PRODUCIBLE HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY BY HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN AND ANNUAL 216 GWh 12,45 Norte: 41.5 % 216 GWh 7, , GWh 9,465 5, ,279 EbroPirineo: 1.1 % Duero: 58.8 % Tajo+Júcar+Segura: 14.4 % GWh 4,414 2,16 Guadiana: 21.7 % 216 GWh GWh GuadalquivirSur: 12.5 % 654 Total: 38.4 % GWh ,422 Source: REE ,872

36 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / In 216, Spain was the fourth European country in terms of installed hydropower capacity and the fifth, behind Norway, Sweden, France and Italy, in energy generated using this technology. However, in terms of generation share, while Spanish hydropower accounted for about 14% of the national generation, in ten European countries that percentage exceeded 3%. 6 (GWh) DAILY PRODUCIBLE HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY COMPARED WITH THE HISTORICAL AVERAGE PRODUCIBLE Wet Dry Historical average producible Source: REE.

37 3 / ENERGY FROM WATER 35 (%) HYDROELECTRIC POWER GENERATION IN RELATION TO TOTAL GENERATION IN ENTSOE MEMBER COUNTRIES IN % 23.6 % 96.4 % 4.4 %.3 % 2.3 %.1 % 4. % 11.3 % 2.3 %.4 %.1 % 3.4 % 1.4 % 11.1 % 4.6 % 3. % 15. % 2.6 % 5.1 % 29.8 % 17.9 %.9 % 26.8 % 13.8 % 34.1 % 54.4 % 46.7 % 25.1 % 3.9 % 9.5 % 27.6 % 13. % < 1% 1% to < 2% 2% to < 3% 3% Source: ENTSOE. Data portal 24 May 217. Great Britain includes data for Northern Ireland. Spain REE.

38 Energy from the sun 4

39 4 / ENERGY FROM THE SUN 37 Solar energy is the third renewable source of electricity generation in Spain with 6,973 MW of installed power capacity by the end of 216. This technology represents 7 % of the installed power capacity nationwide and about 5% of the total generation. Installed solar power capacity by the end of 216 stood at 6,973 MW (4,774 MW correspond to solar photovoltaic and 2,299 MW to solar thermal), which represents about 7% of the total installed power capacity in Spain. As with wind power, growth in solar power capacity has stabilised in the last three years following a long period of continued growth. Photovoltaic began to emerge in 2 with 1 GW of installed capacity, reaching an annual record growth in 28 with 2,733 MW of new installed power capacity, a growth that continued until 212 with more than 25 MW installed each year on average, but which has remained virtually unchanged since then. As for solar thermal, the largest increases in installed power capacity occurred between 29 and 213, but since 213 it has remained stable. As with installed solar power capacity, solar power generation in Spain went through a period of significant growth up until recently when it then became more moderate, reaching 13,26 GWh in 216. This represented 5.1% of the total electricity generation in 216; 3.1% was solar photovoltaic and the remaining 2% was solar thermal. The summer months are clearly the periods of highest production for both technologies. During 216, the monthly maximum value of solar photovoltaic generation occurred in June and was only 1% lower than the value registered in June the previous year. Seasonality is an important factor for this technology and greatly conditions solar energy generation levels throughout the year. As such, generation from May to August registers fairly similar values, while these values fall between November and February by almost half. In the case of solar thermal, something similar happened, with July being the month of highest generation, although in 216 the monthly maximum for July fell by 7.2% compared to that registered in 215. The seasonality of this technology is similar to that of solar photovoltaic, although its daily production is distributed more evenly throughout the day due to the ability of these power stations to store some of the heat they get from the sun and to use it in the hours following its capture.

40 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / By autonomous community, the distribution of both solar technologies is very different. CastillaLa Mancha is the region with more installed solar PV (photovoltaic) power capacity, almost 2% of the national total, closely followed by Andalusia and a little further away Extremadura and Castilla y León. Together, these four autonomous communities represent 61% of the installed solar PV power capacity in Spain. On the other hand, the autonomous communities of the Cantabrian coast stand out due to the fact that all of them are below 1% of the overall national total. In the case of solar thermal, only six autonomous communities have this type of facility, with Andalusia being the region with the highest installed power capacity followed by Extremadura; with 8% of the total power capacity of this technology currently installed in these two regions. As for the situation of solar technology in Europe, Spain is ranked fourth regarding installed solar power capacity, far behind Germany which is the undisputed leader with almost 4 GW of installed solar power capacity. However, if we measure the weight of this technology in the total installed power capacity in each country, Spain would fall to ninth place. However, in spite of Germany's greater installed power capacity, the fact that there are fewer hours of sunshine in comparison with the countries of southern Europe means that in the ranking regarding the contribution of solar energy to the total generation of each country, it is those countries in the south that show better figures in relation to their installed solar power capacity. In this regard, Greece and Italy are the countries with the greatest contribution of solar energy. Spain is ranked fourth behind Germany. (MW) (%) INSTALLED SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) POWER CAPACITY NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM (MW) (%) 5, 4,5 4, 3,5 3, 2,5 2, 1,5 1, Cumulative (MW) Year (MW) Variation (%) Source: Data from the National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC). Data regarding the Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands available as of 26 and Melilla since 27.

41 4 / ENERGY FROM THE SUN 39 With almost 2% of the national total, CastillaLa Mancha is the region with the highest solar photovoltaic power capacity, followed by Andalusia, Extremadura and Castilla y León. This contrasts sharply with the autonomous communities of the Cantabrian coast which have less than 1% of the overall national total. (MW) INSTALLED SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) POWER CAPACITY PER AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY. NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM AS AT ASTURIAS 1 MW CANTABRIA 2 MW PAÍS VASCO 26 MW GALICIA 16 MW CASTILLA Y LEÓN 494 MW LA RIOJA 86 MW NAVARRA 161 MW ARAGÓN 167 MW CATALONIA 265 MW EXTREMADURA 561 MW MADRID 67 MW CASTILLALA MANCHA 923 MW COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA 349 MW BALEARIC ISLANDS 78 MW ANDALUSIA 872 MW MURCIA 439 MW CEUTA MELILLA.1 MW CANARY ISLANDS 166 MW < 5 MW 5 to < 2 MW 2 to < 5 MW 5 MW Source: Data from the National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC).

42 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / (%) SHARE OF SOLAR PV POWER CAPACITY PER AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY IN RELATION TO THE NATIONAL TOTAL AS AT CastillaLa Mancha Andalusia Extremadura Castilla y León Murcia Com. Valenciana Catalonia Aragón Canary Islands Navarra La Rioja Balearic Islands Madrid País Vasco Galicia Source: Data from the National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC). // Note: Cantabria, Asturias and Melilla are not included as their share of this technology is very small and would not be easily seen in the graph. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC FACILITIES ON THE PENINSULA AS AT max min 4 kv Transmission Grid 22 kv Transmission Grid Source: REE.

43 4 / ENERGY FROM THE SUN 41 (GWh) SOLAR PV ENERGY GENERATION NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Source: REE. Data regarding the Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands available as of 26 and Melilla since 27. (GWh) SOLAR PV ENERGY GENERATION IN 216 PER AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY. NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM ASTURIAS 1 GWh CANTABRIA 2 GWh PAÍS VASCO 3 GWh NAVARRA 294 GWh GALICIA 2 GWh CASTILLA Y LEÓN 828 GWh LA RIOJA 131 GWh ARAGÓN 295 GWh CATALONIA 413 GWh EXTREMADURA 1,61 GWh MADRID 88 GWh CASTILLALA MANCHA 1,622 GWh COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA 513 GWh BALEARIC ISLANDS 12 GWh ANDALUSIA 1,524 GWh MURCIA 745 GWh CEUTA MELILLA.1 GWh CANARY ISLANDS 277 GWh < 5 GWh 5 to < 3 GWh 3 to < 9 GWh 9 GWh Source: REE.

44 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / Four autonomous communities account for more than 6 % of the solar photovoltaic energy generated in Spain in 216, led by CastillaLa Mancha and Andalusia whose production exceeded 1,5 GWh in both regions. (%) SHARE OF SOLAR PV ENERGY GENERATION PER AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY IN RELATION TO THE NATIONAL TOTAL CastillaLa Mancha 2.4 Andalusia 19.1 Extremadura 13.3 Castilla y León 1.4 Murcia 9.3 Com. Valenciana 6.4 Catalonia 5.2 Aragón Navarra Canary Islands La Rioja Balearic Islands Madrid País Vasco Galicia Source: REE. // Note: Cantabria, Asturias and Melilla are not included as their share of this technology is very small and would not be easily seen in the graph.

45 4 / ENERGY FROM THE SUN 43 (%) SHARE OF SOLAR PV ENERGY GENERATION IN THE TOTAL GENERATION MIX NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM Source: REE. Data regarding the Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands available as of 26 and Melilla since 27. (GWh) (%) SOLAR PV ENERGY GENERATION, MONTHLY MAXIMUM VALUES AND SHARE IN THE TOTAL GENERATION MIX NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM (GWh) (%) 1,2 6 1, Solar photovoltaic energy generation (GWh) Monthly maximum (GWh) Solar photovoltaic energy generation/total generation (%) Source: REE. Data regarding the Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands available as of 26 and Melilla since 27.

46 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / (%) AVERAGE SHARE OF SOLAR PV IN RELATION TO GENERATION THROUGHOUT THE DAY PENINSULAR ELECTRICITY SYSTEM Source: REE. (MW) (%) INSTALLED SOLAR THERMAL POWER CAPACITY NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM (MW) (%) 2,5 5 2, 4 1,5 3 1, Cumulative (MW) Year (MW) Variation (%) Source: Data from the National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC).

47 4 / ENERGY FROM THE SUN 45 (MW) INSTALLED SOLAR THERMAL POWER CAPACITY PER AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY. NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM AS AT GALICIA ASTURIAS CASTILLA Y LEÓN CANTABRIA PAÍS VASCO NAVARRA LA RIOJA ARAGÓN CATALONIA 23 MW MADRID COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA 5 MW BALEARIC ISLANDS EXTREMADURA 849 MW CASTILLALA MANCHA 349 MW ANDALUSIA 997 MW MURCIA 31 MW CEUTA MELILLA CANARY ISLANDS < 5 MW 5 to < 25 MW 25 to < 5 MW 5 MW Source: Data from the National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC). (%) SHARE OF SOLAR THERMAL POWER CAPACITY PER AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY IN RELATION TO THE NATIONAL TOTAL AS AT Andalusia Extremadura CastillaLa Mancha Com. Valenciana Murcia Catalonia Source: Data from the National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC).

48 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / (%) GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOLAR THERMAL FACILITIES ON THE PENINSULA AS AT max min 4 kv Transmission Grid 22 kv Transmission Grid Source: REE. (GWh) SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY GENERATION NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Source: REE.

49 4 / ENERGY FROM THE SUN 47 Andalusia is the region with more installed solar thermal power capacity with a total of 997 MW, and the one with the highest solar thermal energy produced, with 2,195 GWh in 216, followed in both cases by Extremadura. These two regions account for 8% of the total installed power capacity of this technology in Spain. (GWh) SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY GENERATION IN 216 PER AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY. NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM AS AT GALICIA ASTURIAS CASTILLA Y LEÓN CANTABRIA PAÍS VASCO NAVARRA LA RIOJA ARAGÓN CATALONIA 7 GWh EXTREMADURA 1,962 GWh MADRID CASTILLALA MANCHA 722 GWh COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA 7 GWh BALEARIC ISLANDS ANDALUSIA 2,195 GWh MURCIA 41 GWh CEUTA MELILLA CANARY ISLANDS < 5 GWh 5 to < 5 GWh 5 to < 1. GWh 1. GWh Source: REE.

50 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / In Spain, only six regions have solar thermal facilities, and of these, Andalusia and Extremadura alone account for more than 8 % of all solar thermal energy generated nationally in 216. (%) SHARE OF THERMAL SOLAR ENERGY GENERATION COMMUNITY IN RELATION TO THE NATIONAL TOTAL IN 216 Andalusia Extremadura Castilla LaMancha Catalonia Com. Valenciana Murcia Source: REE (%) SHARE OF SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY GENERATION IN THE TOTAL GENERATION MIX NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM Source: REE

51 4 / ENERGY FROM THE SUN 49 (GWh) (%) NATIONAL SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY GENERATION, MONTHLY MAXIMUM VALUES AND SHARE IN THE TOTAL GENERATION MIX NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM (GWh) (%) 1, Solar thermal energy generation (GWh) Monthly maximum (GWh) Solar thermal energy generation/total generation (%) Source: REE. (%) AVERAGE SHARE OF SOLAR THERMAL IN RELATION TO GENERATION THROUGHOUT THE DAY PENINSULAR ELECTRICITY SYSTEM Source: REE.

52 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / (%) SOLAR POWER CAPACITY IN RELATION TO TOTAL POWER CAPACITY IN ENTSOE MEMBER COUNTRIES AS AT %.2 % 5.5 % 2. % 1.2 % 4.4 % 15. % 19.6 %.5 % 4.8 % 5.8 % 5.5 % 14.5 % 1. % 3. % 7. % 1. % 6.6 %.4 % 6.4 % 6.6 % 1. % 8.2 % 2.3 % 12.5 % < 5% 5% to < 1% 1% to < 15% 15% Source: ENTSOE. Data portal 24 May 217. Great Britain includes data for Northern Ireland. Spain REE. // Note: data for Slovakia, Slovenia, France, FYROM (Macedonia), Great Britain, Greece, Holland, Hungary, Ireland, Sweden and Switzerland correspond to 215, the 216 data was not available at the close of this report.

53 4 / ENERGY FROM THE SUN 51 (%) SOLAR ENERGY GENERATION IN RELATION TO TOTAL GENERATION IN ENTSOE MEMBER COUNTRIES IN 216. %.1 % 2.6 % 1.7 % 3. % 1.4% 3.7 % 5.7 %.1 % 1.6 % 4.8 %.7 % 8.2 % 2.7 % 2.1 %. %.1 % 1.5 %.6 % 3. % 5. %.5 % 3.4 % 1.4 % 8.6 % < 1% 1% to < 2% 2% to < 5% 5% Source: ENTSOE. Data portal 24 May 217. Great Britain includes data for Northern Ireland. Spain REE.

54 Energy from the earth and the sea 5

55 5 / ENERGY FROM THE EARTH AND THE SEA 53 By the end of 216, the set of renewable energies obtained from a wide range of other sources, led by biomass, represented.8 % of the installed power capacity in Spain and around 2% of overall production. This section contains aggregated information on a group of renewable energy technologies from a wide range of other sources, which together account for 1.8% of installed renewable power capacity and just.8% of the total installed power capacity in Spain at the end of 216. This group of technologies, known as 'remaining renewables', we can clearly identify four main subgroups: biomass and biogas (744 MW); renewable waste identified as 5% of the urban/municipal solid waste (17 MW); the windhydro power station installed on the island of El Hierro (11.4 MW); and 5 MW of marine hydro. It should be noted that the evolution of these aggregated energies has been constant for more than a decade (1), with installed capacity going from 215 MW in 2 to 867 MW in 216. However, its share in the Spanish generation mix is still minimal, not exceeding 2% in any of the years in the aforementioned period. Because of its uniqueness, noteworthy is the windhydro power station of Gorona del Viento which in 216 enabled 41% of the annual generation of the island of El Hierro to be covered with renewable energy, and which supplied the island s electricity system with 1% renewable energy for over 5 hours. By autonomous community, Andalusia is clearly the region with the highest installed power capacity of this group of renewable energies, which accounts for more than 3% of the total installed capacity of these technologies nationwide. It is followed, in this order, by Catalonia, Galicia and CastillaLa Mancha. Regarding this type of energy, when compared with other European countries, Spain is far behind the leaders, such as Iceland, Finland and Denmark, where these technologies represent more than 1% of their respective installed power capacity and more than 15% of their generation. However, in most countries the installed power capacity of this type of energy stands at approximately 1%. In the case of the contribution of these technologies to the total production, a similar situation occurs, with Finland leading the series with 16%, followed by Denmark and Latvia with 15.3% and 12.2%, respectively. (1) The evolution of these technologies over the years has undergone reorganisations due to regulatory changes such as that which happened in 215 with Royal Decree 413/214 regarding Renewables, Cogeneration and Waste. This is the reason why the installed power capacity of these technologies has shown a decrease as of that year.

56 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / (MW) (%) 1,2 (MW) (%) REMAINING RENEWABLES (1). INSTALLED POWER CAPACITY NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM 6 1, Cumulative (MW) Year (MW) Variation (%) (1) Includes biogas, biomass, geothermal, marine hydro, windhydro and renewable waste. // Source: Data from the National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC). Data regarding the Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands available as of 26 and Melilla since 27. // Note: Although 215 shows a decrease in installed power capacity, this drop is due to a reorganisation of the different technologies as a result of Royal Decree 413/214 regarding Renewables, Cogeneration and Waste. (MW) REMAINING RENEWABLES. INSTALLED POWER CAPACITY PER FUEL TYPE NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM AS AT Biomass from energy crops Biomass from industrial facilities Biogas Renewable waste Biogas from agricultural and livestock waste Biogas from municipal solid waste Biogas from wastewater treatment plants Animal dung Windhydro Biogas from industrial waste Marine hydro Source: Data from the National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC) and REE.

57 5 / ENERGY FROM THE EARTH AND THE SEA 55 (MW) REMAINING RENEWABLES (1). INSTALLED POWER CAPACITY PER AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY. NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM AS AT ASTURIAS 46 MW CANTABRIA 18 MW PAÍS VASCO 3 MW GALICIA 75 MW LA RIOJA 4 MW NAVARRA 47 MW CASTILLA Y LEÓN 46 MW ARAGÓN MADRID 16 MW 57 MW CATALONIA 89 MW EXTREMADURA 37 MW CASTILLALA MANCHA 59 MW COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA 18 MW BALEARIC ISLANDS 4 MW ANDALUSIA 257 MW CEUTA MELILLA 1 MW MURCIA 11 MW CANARY ISLANDS 15 MW < 15 MW 15 to < 3 MW 3 to < 6 MW > 6 MW (1) Includes biogas, biomass, geothermal, marine hydro, windhydro and renewable waste. Source: Data from the National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC). (GWh) GENERATION FROM REMAINING RENEWABLES (1) NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, (1) Includes biogas, biomass, geothermal, marine hydro, windhydro and renewable waste. // Source: REE. Data regarding the Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands available as of 26 and Ceuta and Melilla since 27.

58 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / ASTURIAS 245 GWh CANTABRIA 116 GWh PAÍS VASCO 271 GWh (GWh) GENERATION FROM REMAINING RENEWABLES IN 216 (1) PER AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY. NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM GALICIA 41 GWh LA RIOJA 8 GWh NAVARRA 274 GWh CASTILLA Y LEÓN 247 GWh ARAGÓN MADRID 53 GWh 26 GWh CATALONIA 31 GWh EXTREMADURA 236 GWh CASTILLALA MANCHA 238 GWh COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA 39 GWh BALEARIC ISLANDS 132 GWh ANDALUSIA 1,368 GWh CEUTA MELILLA 5 GWh MURCIA 55 GWh CANARY ISLANDS 27 GWh < 5 GWh 5 to < 15 GWh 15 to < 3 GWh > 3 GWh (1) Includes biogas, biomass, geothermal, marine hydro, windhydro and renewable waste. // Source: REE. (%) SHARE OF GENERATION FROM REMAINING RENEWABLES (1) IN THE TOTAL GENERATION MIX. NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM (1) Includes biogas, biomass, geothermal, marine hydro, windhydro and renewable waste. // Source: REE. Data regarding the Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands available as of 26 and Ceuta and Melilla since 27.

59 5 / ENERGY FROM THE EARTH AND THE SEA 57 (GWh) GENERATION FROM REMAINING RENEWABLES PER REGION AND TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY IN 216 Andalusia Galicia Catalonia Navarra País Vasco Castilla y León Asturias Castilla la Mancha Extremadura Madrid Balearic Islands Cantabria Murcia Aragón Com. Valenciana Canary Islands La Rioja Melilla Ceuta , , 1,2 1,4 1,6 Other renewable (1) Renewable waste Windhydro (1) Includes biomass, biogas and marine hydro // Source: REE. (GWh) (%) NATIONAL GENERATION FROM REMAINING RENEWABLES (1), MONTHLY MAXIMUM VALUES AND SHARE IN THE TOTAL GENERATION MIX NATIONAL ELECTRICITY SYSTEM (GWh) (%) Remaining renewables generation (GWh) Monthly maximum (GWh) Remaining renewables generation/total generation (%) (1) Includes biogas, biomass, geothermal, marine hydro, windhydro and renewable waste. // Source: REE. Data regarding the Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands available as of 26 and Melilla since 27.

60 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / (%) POWER CAPACITY OF REMAINING RENEWABLES IN RELATION TO TOTAL CAPACITY IN ENTSOE MEMBER COUNTRIES IN 216 (1) 25. %.1 % 1.3 % 8.6% 2.9 %.8 % 9.1 % 2.3 % 4.6 % 2. % 1.5 % 3.3 % 4. % 4. %.5 % 1.3 % 4.1 % 2.4 % 4.2 % 4.6 % 2.5 % 4.1 % 1.1 % 1.6 %.6 %.5 % 3.2 %.8 %.2 % 1.4 % 5.7 % < 3 % 3% to < 6 % 6% to < 9 % 9% (1) ENTSOE countries include biomass, biogas, geothermal, marine hydro and renewable waste technologies. // Source: ENTSOE. Data portal 24 May 217. Great Britain includes data for Northern Ireland. Spain REE. // Note: data for Slovakia, Slovenia, France, FYROM (Macedonia), Great Britain, Greece, Holland, Hungary, Ireland, Sweden and Switzerland correspond to 215, the 216 data was not available at the close of this report.

61 5 / ENERGY FROM THE EARTH AND THE SEA 59 (%) GENERATION FROM REMAINING RENEWABLES IN RELATION TO THE TOTAL GENERATION MIX IN ENTSOE MEMBER COUNTRIES IN 216 (1) 26. %. % 16.3 % 6.2 % 7.8 %.7 % 15.3 % 9.4 % 12.2 % 5.6 % 3.2 % 5.9 % 7.8 % 4.7 % 1.2 % 2.5 % 3.8 % 9. % 5.4 % 6.5 % 4.3 % 7.2 % 1.9 % 3.6 %.7 % 1.6 %.7 %.6 % 4.8 % 3.6 % < 1 % 1% to < 3% 3% to < 5 % 5% (1) ENTSOE countries includes biomass, biogas, geothermal, marine hydro and renewable waste technologies. // Source: ENTSOE. Data portal 24 May 217. Great Britain includes data for Northern Ireland. Spain REE.

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63 6 / GLOSSARY OF TERMS 61 Glossary of terms Biogas Combustible gaseous fuel that is generated naturally or in specific devices, as a consequence of the reactions of biodegradation of organic matter, through the action of microorganisms and other factors, in the absence of oxygen (i.e. in an anaerobic environment). This gaseous fuel constitutes a source of renewable energy and can be used to produce electricity. Biomass Nonfossil organic material of biological origin that constitutes a source of renewable energy. Cogeneration Process through which electricity and useful thermal and/or mechanical energy are obtained simultaneously. Geothermal Geothermal energy is a source of renewable energy that takes advantage of the Earth s natural heat and that appears in the form of hot gases or liquids rising along the faults from underlying bodies of hot rock or through the circulation and convection of water reservoirs resulting in a hydrothermal process that takes place between fluids and rocks. Hydroelectric Reserves The hydroelectric reserve of a reservoir, at any given time, is the quantity of electricity that could be produced in the reservoir's own power station and in all the power stations situated downstream, with the total drainage of its current useable water reserves at that time and providing that drainage occurs without natural contributions. The annual regime reservoirs are those in which the fill and drainage cycle occurs over a one year period. Hyperannual regime reservoirs are those which allow the variations in rainfall to be offset in cycles of more than one year. Hydro Management Unit (HMU) Each set of hydropower stations belonging to the same hydroelectric basin and the same individual agent. Installed power capacity Electrical energy capacity that a power station can generate and deliver under ideal conditions. Marine hydro Generation of electrical energy by taking advantage of some aspect of the physical or chemical properties of the oceans, i.e., tidal energy, wave energy, ocean currents, etc. Mixed pumped storage Production of electricity generated by power stations capable of generating electrical energy with or without prior pumping from its lower reservoir or catchment area. When there is a water surplus, the power station will function as a conventional power station, also having the possibility of storing energy by pumping water from the lower to the upper reservoir.

64 RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY SYSTEM / Nonrenewable energies These include nuclear, coal, fuel/gas, combined cycle, cogeneration and waste. Producible hydroelectric energy Maximum quantity of electricity that theoretically could be produced considering the water supplies registered during a certain period of time, and once the supplies for irrigation or uses other than the generation of electricity have been subtracted. Producible hydroelectric index This is the quotient between the producible energy and the average producible energy, both related to the same period and to the same hydroelectric equipment. A producible hydroelectric index of less than 1 indicates that the period is dry, while if greater than 1 it is a wet period. Pure pumped storage Production of electricity by hydroelectric power stations whose associated reservoir does not receive any natural water inputs, but this comes from it being pumped up from a lower reservoir or catchment area. Renewable energy Includes hydro (conventional hydro, mixed pumped storage and hydro that does not belong to a Hydro Management Unit (HMU)), windhydro, wind, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, biogas, biomass, marine hydro, geothermal and 5% of urban solid waste. Renewable waste Nonfossil organic material of biological origin resulting from urban solid waste and some commercial and nonhazardous industrial waste. 5% of urban solid waste, also known as Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is considered renewable. Solar photovoltaic (PV) Solar light converted into electricity through the use of solar cells, usually of a semiconductor material that, when exposed to light, generates electricity. Solar thermal Heat produced by solar radiation that can be used for the production of mechanical energy and, from this, electrical energy. Waste Combustible materials resulting from a product or byproduct of waste which, when processed, produces energy for purposes such as heating and electricity generation. Windhydro Production of electricity through the integration of a wind farm, a pumping unit and a hydroelectric power station. The operation allows the wind farm to supply electricity directly to the grid and, simultaneously, to feed a pump that moves water from a catchment area to a reservoir upstream, as an energy storage system. The hydroelectric power station harnesses the stored potential energy, guaranteeing the electricity supply and the stability of the grid.

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66 Information prepared with data as at 29 Marz 217 Published by RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA Paseo del Conde de los Gaitanes, Alcobendas (Madrid), Spain Tel Fax Coordination of publication Communication and Corporate Image Department Technical management Department of Access to Information on the Electricity System Graphic design and layout dis_ñ estudio@disn.es Other data regarding this publication Published: June 217 Printing: Gráficas Jomagar Legal deposit: M English translation by Wayman English International This English version is a translation of the original and authentic Spanish text found in the report Las energías renovables en el sistema eléctrico español 216, originally issued in Spanish. In the event of any discrepancy, the Spanishlanguage version shall prevail. a Red Eléctrica works on selecting the most legible typographical font for their publications. The typographical fonts Geogrotesque and Klavika have been used for the texts and graphics in this report. Cover: printed on Kraft Liner 3 g/m 2 Interior: printed on Cocoon Silk 15 g/m 2 1% recycled whit the following certifications

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68 Paseo del Conde de los Gaitanes, Alcobendas (Madrid)