SALTHILL NATIONAL AQUARIUM PROJECT

Transcription

1 SALTHILL NATIONAL AQUARIUM PROJECT Prepared by: Daithi O Brien Karl Rafferty Dylan Walsh Programme Title: BE in Energy Systems Module: Year: CE202 Second Year Duration: Semester 2,

2 Executive Summary Facility Name: Salthill National Aquarium Address: Toft Park, Salthill, Galway, Co. Galway Purpose: Aquarium/Business Gross Floor Area: 3200 m² Occupancy of Facility: 56 hrs. /wk. Objective of Audit: Energy rating of the Salthill National Aquarium Key systems studied: 1. Pumps 2. Lights 3. Tank Regulating Devices 4. Cold Storage 5. Communication 6. Miscellaneous Dates of audit: 21 st January, Summary of recommended energy conservation measures, annual energy savings and cost savings using the table format below: No. Recommended Measure Estimated annual energy savings Estimated annual cost savings Estimated implementation cost Payback period 1 Change Lights 79,935kWh 12, , ½ years Total 79,935kWh 12, , ½ years Important Disclaimer 2

3 This report has been written by Daithi O Brien, Dylan Walsh, Karl Rafferty, students of the Department of Civil Engineering at NUI Galway in partial fulfilment of their CE202 Principles of Building course requirements. This report is from a student not a professional, it is intended to serve solely as examples of student work at NUI Galway. The report is not intended as professional engineering advice or recommendations. It is mainly based on publicly available information and may not be complete analyses of all relevant data. If you use these reports for any purpose, you do so at your own risk. NUIG, NUIG s SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATICS, AND NUIG S STAFF, AND STUDENTS MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ABOUT THE ACCURACY OR SUITABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THESE REPORTS, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM RESPONSIBIITY FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE, DIRECT OR INDIRECT, CAUSED BY USE OF OR RELIANCE ON THESE REPORTS. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Data analysis and findings including graphs and plots 3. Identified energy saving measures 4. Conclusion 5. Appendices 6. References 3

4 Introduction: Objectives of audit The main objective of the audit is to study the energy consumption of the facility and identify the areas that energy can be reduced within the client s financial criteria. Also it is important to take into account of the facility technical and operational limitations. Areas such as lighting and pumps were of greater focus in this audit. The facility used a lot of lighting for display purposes in the fish tanks. Some pumps are being used 24/7 to keep fresh clean water circulating in the fish tanks. These areas had the greatest opportunity in reducing energy costs for the client. Brief description of facility or building audited The facility has 3200 m² gross floor area with 2 floors and a basement. The two floors are used for displaying fish, has an office and a reception area. The basement is called the plant room which contains pumps and food storage for the fish etc. The building is used as an aquarium, so that it can provide an educational insight into Ireland s aquatic life for its visitors. During the winter months its hours of operation is on average 49hrs weekly and the summer months is 56hrs weekly. The building was built approximately 12 years ago. Use of the building The building hosts a lot of events relating to marine and science exhibitions, this brings in a lot of customers in to small areas so visibility an appearance along with safety are the main focuses within the building. Also there are a lot of school tours and courses ran within the aquarium so high visibility in to the tanks is required to give examples of the specimens during these. All tanks have access to them for cleaning and removal of fish and for feeding of the fish to and these are done daily. The fish tanks also need to be cooled during the summer months as the temperatures can get too high and the fish can get ill. 4

5 Information on tenants in facility or building audited Within the building there are other tenants like shops that pay their own bills but these tenants were not taken into account as the audit was focused on the aquarium who was the client. They occupy approximately 1200 m² of the total building floor area. Past year s energy consumption and costs, including tariff rates used for financial calculations UTILITY BILL: Electricity Bills: No Billing Period Electricity Consumption (kwh) Bill Cost 1 January February March April May June July August September October November December

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7 Breakdown of electricity consumption in pie-chart form Percentage Energy Use 2% 1% 3% 29% 12% 53% Pumps Lighting Regulators Cold Storage Communication Miscellaneous 7

8 Schedule: th of January 2012: Enquired with the aquarium about carrying out the project th of January 2012: Meeting aquarium manager to discuss his concerns and wish for the project and guided tour of facility th of January 2012: Signing of learning agreement st of January 2012: Examining and listing of relevant appliances and compiling them in a database th of February 2012: Examining previous electrical costs and bills th of February 2012: Researching possible ways to improve running costs of then Building th of February 2012: Return to aquarium to collect more concise data as there was some ambiguity in our results th of February 2012: Completion of cover page, introduction and executive summary sections th of February 2012: Visit to other buildings for research on improving current systems rd of February 2012: Completion of data analysis and findings sections th of February 2012: Completion identifying energy saving measures and conclusion sections th of February 2012: Completion appendices and references sections th of February 2012: Revision of sections before submission to client nd of March 2012: Submission of report to client for inspection and feedback th of March 2012: Received feedback from client. 8

9 16. 5 th of March 2012: Revision of data analysis and findings and identifying energy saving measures sections th of March 2012: Revision of conclusion, appendices and references sections th of March 2012: Submission of complete report to client th of March 2012: Printing of report and submission for grading. Data Analysis and Findings All data and readings were collected on the 21 st January, Baseline energy consumption was established to be, on average, Kilowatts per day and the this was established by taking the power rating of each and every power consuming device in the facility and inputting them into a custom made data table to calculate the total energy usage, both per day and per year. The energy efficiency index (EEI kwh/m 2 /year) of the building, defined as the amount of energy consumed annually per Gross Floor Area (GFA), was calculated to be approximately 165 kwh/m 2 /year/. Due to the aquarium being a unique building in terms of energy consumption and the building consisting of various different area types, we were unable to get a standard EEI for aquariums, either nationally or internationally. However we have included a table below of average EEI readings for an array of other building types. 9

10 Included in the following table is a list of the specifications and ratings of all the power consuming devices present in the aquarium at the time of our audit, also included are: 1. The general location of all listed devices. 2. The average running time of each appliance. 3. The daily energy consumption. (in watts) 4. The daily and yearly running cost of each device. 5. The total daily, yearly and yearly plus VAT cost of building energy consumption. 10

11 Dylan Walsh, Daithi O'Brien & Aquarium Price Per Kilowatt Karl Rafftery No of Plant Stair Up Down Toilets Hallway Office Reception Class No of Total Daily Yearly Device Watts Device Room well stairs stairs Room Hours Watts Cost Cost Pumps 1kW Pump x kW Pump x x , kW Big Pump x , kW Pump x , kW Pump x , W Pump 35 1 x kW Pump x , kW Pump x x , Siphon Pump 8 1 x kW Pump x , kW Pump x x , kW Pump x kW Air Pump x , kW Air Pump x kW Air Pump x , Lights 240W UV Light x W UV Light x UV Sterilizer 27 1 x Ceilings Light x x x x x x x , Emergency Light x x x x x x x W Spotlight x , W Lights x x x x , Display Case x x W Spotlight x x , W Light x Wall Light x x x x x x x W Light 25 1 x Blue Light 25 2 x x LED Light 40 1 x Tank Regulating Devices Monitor x Inverter x Chiller , Power Head x x Tank Heater x x Wave Maker x Cold Storage EE Freezer 90 1 x NEE Freezer x Fridge 90 1 x Comunication Computer 60 9 x Laptop 40 2 x Fax Machine x Cash Register x Printer 40 3 x x Phone 5 2 x Small TV 60 1 x Big TV x DVD Player 45 4 x Projector x x Radio 14 5 x x x Miscellaneous Water Heater x , Dispenser x Microwave x Kettle x kW Heater x x kW Heater x x Water Dispencer x Hand Dryers x Clock x Xbox x Total Watts Daily Cost Peak Yearly Cost 57, Vat 21% 70,140.19

12 Using the above table we also created a number of useful and informative charts detailing various energy consumption statistics, such as: Percentage Energy use per category Percentage Energy Use 2% 1% 3% 29% 12% 53% Pumps Lighting Regulators Cold Storage Communication Miscellaneous Total Cost Per category 1,009 Total Cost of Energy Use 623 1,766 7,031 16,820 30,717 Pumps Lighting Regulators Cold Storage Communication Miscellaneous Based on the above data and our general observations on site, we found that the majority of the energy consumption the building can be attributed to two categories. Researching ways in which to improve the energy efficiency as much as possible became our top priority. We focused on the highest costing appliances first as this is where the greatest potential for saving is found. 12

13 Lighting While researching the lighting we found that all of the current bulbs in use in the aquarium were incandescent. Incandescent bulbs are the most primitive and least efficient type of bulbs currently in use today but are also one of the most widely used, with CFL s (Compressed florescent lamp) and LED s (Light emitting diode) gradually being phased in due to their much higher efficiency. LED s and CFL s can produce the same amount of lumens as a regular incandescent bulb but at a fraction of the power consumption. On average an LED bulb will produce the same or greater number of lumens using only one tenth the watts. Comparatively CFL s will produce a similar number of lumens to an incandescent bulb while using roughly one seventh the watts. ` LED s and CFL s also have the advantage of not needing to be replaced nearly as often. Lifespan of Average Incandescent Bulb: 750hrs Lifespan of Average CFL: 10,000hrs Lifespan of Average LED: 50,000hrs 13

14 There are also a large number of other minor benefits gained by using LED lights, these include: More efficient direction of light Compact Size Higher resistance to breakage Turns on Instantly Produce no Infrared or Ultraviolet light emissions. The production of Infrared and Ultraviolet light emissions is especially important in a aquarium situation, as the production of too much red light would encourage the fish to sleep during the bulbs operational hours, whereas the production of too much ultraviolet light would encourage the growth of algae, resulting in the tanks needing more regular cleaning and servicing. Pumps While researching and taking the specifications of the pumps on-site we discovered that all of the pumps were 3-phase and running at constant full speed during their operational hours. If the flow rates needed to be changed at certain times of the day then the pumps were just toggled on or off. 14

15 Our original plan to save energy with the pumps was to optimize the operational speed and flow rates by using a combination of additional instrumentation and the introduction of variable speed drives to each pump present in the aquarium. The thinking behind this idea was that if optimal turnover times for each of the tanks at all times of the day could be measured then we could install measures to reduce the speed of the pumps as much of the time the pumps were running at speeds above what was needed, therefore drawing more power. To do this we wanted to introduce flow meters to the outlet pipes coming from the pumps. Using the average data from these instruments over the course of time, we would be able to calculate the output flow from the pumps and identify both when they are running at higher speeds than needed and by how much they are exceeding the required speed. The next step is to install VSD s (Variable Speed Drive) on all the pumps running in excess of the needed amount. This would not take much modification as the pumps were 3-phase and could simply and easily wired to a VSD. Using these instruments would give the ability to alter the running speed of the pumps at will. This measure would reduce the waste energy and significantly decrease the power consumption of most, if not all, of the active pumps. 15

16 We discussed this idea with the aquarium manager but unfortunately we were told that the aquarium pumps are actually not meeting the desired standard of water turnover times as it is. The original design for the aquarium included two additional pumps which could not be included in the actual building due to reduced capital investment. This meant that all of the pumps were required to be running at 100% speed at all times in which they were in operation. Meaning our plans for measurement and regulation of the flow rates, although still useful for reference, would be completely redundant in terms of energy savings. A similar approach was considered being used for the ventilation systems in the building. We knew that the ventilation could definitely be reduced during non-occupancy hours and so there was a potential energy saving to be made, but when we asked the manager of the building for details on the ventilation system he informed us that there was actually no current system in place for extracting or in taking air. Previously there had been extract fans on the roof of the building but they had broken down roughly 8 months ago and never been replaced. 16

17 Due to the lack of any current system in place we were unable to make any observations on ventilation, although the manager did express an interest in creating a ventilation system in future and wished to have us come back to help design it. Chiller The chillers were also a part of the building equipment that we thought we could have found some savings with but looking into it we found that it was not financially viable. The reasons were that the chiller was recently upgraded to an efficient standard but not the best, the cost to replace the chiller to a high efficient chiller would mean the payback period would be far too long and would not be recommended to the client. The chiller is also only on during the summer months and therefore not on long enough throughout the year to make much of impact to make it worthwhile for the client to invest in. We looked at the standard the chiller was upgraded to and it was done to a standard that was satisfactory. Several websites were researched into the chiller so that every possible solution and idea could be considered. Unfortunately our research was unsuccessful and the technology at the moment to replace the chiller is not available on the market. Therefore it was agreed that the client will be recommended not to invest in a new highly efficient chiller. 17

18 The next section will detail the methods in which we identified energy saving measures. Other Buildings Many buildings were considered to be looked at and each building visited had given us some ideas towards the audit. A few building were researched to see if any of them had any relevance towards the aquarium. The following buildings were selected for their own reasons; Scoil Bride: This building was focused on because of the schools classrooms. The aquarium had a classroom in the building so we needed to look at how they use the rooms and see if they took any measures towards energy efficiency or if they could tell us if they had any ideas to improve the rooms. Engineering building: This entire building was the source of all our major ideas for the audit. The building itself uses as much energy efficiency products as possible it can use. We looked at the buildings use of LED lighting and its use of ventilation in large open spaces as it was relevant to the aquariums open areas where all the tanks were displayed. 18

19 Pictorial example of some existing devices in aquarium: Pumps: Filter and 1kW pumps 4kW and 3.3kW pumps Lights: 300W Big Spotlight Blub 40W LED Light 19

20 Classroom Stairwell Upstairs Energy Density High Medium Low Hallway Plantroom Downstairs Reception Office Toilet 20

21 Identified Energy Saving Measures Present Situation Spotlights are key in displaying the aquariums pictures and information posters. There are over 72 50W spotlights and they in operation 7.5 hours a day. Proposed Improvement It is proposed to replace the existing 50W spotlights with 5W LED energy saving spotlights that will use 90% less power. Estimation of Savings 50W Incandescent Bulbs Estimated nos. of 50 W incandescent spotlights on site = 72 Estimated power consumption of 50 W incandescent spotlights on site = 50 W Estimated power consumption of each 5 W spotlight = 5 W Estimated power saved = 45 W Assuming 7 days work week kwh Savings = 72 x kwh x 365 days x 7.5 hours x 0.16 /kwh = 1, /year Spotlight lifetime savings = 1, x 18years = 25,

22 Present Situation Ceiling lights are important at the site because it lights the plant room, bathrooms and the hallways. There are over W ceiling lights at the site and they are in operation 7.5 hours a day. Proposed Improvement It is proposed to replace the existing 65W ceiling lights with 9W LED energy saving tubes that will use 85% less power. Estimation of Savings 65W Ceiling Lights Estimated nos. of 65W Ceiling Lights on site = 105 Estimated power consumption of one 65W Ceiling Light on site = 65 W Estimated power consumption of each 9W Ceiling light = 9 W Estimated power saved = 56 W Assuming 7 days work week kwh Running cost = 105 x kwh x 365 days x 7.5 hours x 0.16 /kwh = /year Spotlight lifetime savings = 2, x 18years = 46,

23 Present Situation The 280W and 300W lights are used to display large tanks around the aquarium. They are core to lighting up the darkest parts of the building and are the most expensive to run. There are over W and 300W lights at the building and they are in operation 7.5 hours a day. Proposed Improvement It is proposed to replace the existing 280W and 300W lights with 30W LED energy saving lights that will use 90% less power. Estimation of Savings 280W and 300W Lights Estimated nos. of 280W and 300W Light on site = 82 Estimated power consumption of one 280W and 300W Light on site = 280W /300W Estimated power consumption of each 30W LED Light = 30W Estimated power saved = 250W /270W Assuming 7 days work week kwh Running cost = 82 x kwh x 365 days x 7.5 hours x 0.16 /kwh = 1, /year Spotlight lifetime savings = 8, x 18years = 158,

24 Total savings per year of all the replacements = 12,788 Installing Costs for all replacements: = 15,622 Total savings over lifetime (18 years) of all the replacements (minus the initial cost) = 214,590 Payback Period: Approximately 1yr 6months Amount Replacing Running Cost New Lights Installing Cost Running Cost Per year Savings per Year Savings Over Lifetime (not inclu initial cost) W Ceiling lights W LED Lights W Spotlights W LED Spotlights W Lights W LED Lights W Lights W LED Lights Total

25 Conclusions Summarizing our final recommendations for energy efficiency: We recommend that the incandescent bulbs used for lighting throughout the facility be replaced by the following LED bulbs which produce an equal or greater level of light at a much lower cost. (Both power consumption cost and replacement cost) Total Savings per Year (kwh): Total Savings per Year (Euro): 12, Total Capital Investment: 15, Total Savings per LED Lifetime (18 Years): 212, # of Devices Watts/Lumens Replacement Part Watts/Lumens Savings (in kwh/year) Savings (in Euros/Year) Capital Investment Payback Period Savings (LED Lifetime) 72 50/500 HP LED Spotlight 5/ , , One Year 22, /640 LED Tube 600mm 8/ , , Two Years 43, /2000 LED Floodlight 30/ , , Two Years 105, /2200 LED Floodlight 30/ , , One Year 41,

26 Appendices Layout of Aquarium Upstairs Downstairs Energy efficiency of major equipment compared against industrial benchmarks The lights at the moment are Incandescent mostly. Their energy efficiency in relation to other blubs on market is very low, with lights like LEDs being high energy efficiency. The pumps take up the majority of the energy within the building. Some of these have been replaced recently with newer pumps which are more energy efficient than the older versions. And the others may be replaced in future years. 26

27 The device which consumes the most energy is the chiller it s able to be adjusted to different energy levels to be as energy efficient as possible for the area it needs to service. It also has been serviced in the previous year and is currently working as if new again. 27

28 The identification of customer concerns and needs: We approached the aquarium client enquiring about doing an audit on the aquarium in relation to energy efficiency. They were keen in allowing us to do it, with them trying to find ways to reduce their annual costs in relation to energy before we had enquired. They were testing an LED light within aquarium seeing if it would work to reduce their total costs for the running of the lights in the aquarium and to see if its life time estimates would work out under the aquarium conditions. Decisions based on customer concerns: We made the decision to look in to the lights as our main part of the project because they were trying to look in to this them sleeves but didn t have a lot off regular options in relation to the facility. The LED lights they had installed were arrays of small LEDs which most or all in the arrays seem to be failing due to the damp conditions in the building. We decided to look in to outdoor lights assuming that these would able to last under harsher condition as in dampness and that there life estimates would work out more reliably due the fact they are stated for wetter types of conditions. 28

29 References and Sources: Products LED lights (30W): LED spotlights (5W): T8 600 LED TUBE LIGHTS (9W): Research Sources Energy Audit Templates: Main Template: A&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e2singapore.gov.sg%2Fdocs%2FGuideline_for_EASe_energy_audit_report.doc &ei=zwnwt_27k4abovrw2nii&usg=afqjcng3t_f3porpuceqfk4npbm-cybnhg Reference Templates: df 29

30 Lighting Research: Pumps Research: Ventilation Research: Chiller Research: