Getting the Most From Your Irrigation Water

Transcription

1 Getting the Most From Your Irrigation Water Larry Schwankl UC Cooperative Extension (559) Powerpoint at:

2 What Do You Do If Your Water is Limited? You don t have enough water to meet tree water needs (ET).

3 What Do You Do If Your Water is Limited? You don t have enough water to meet tree water needs (ET). Deficit irrigate. Irrigate as efficiently as possible.

4 What Do You Do If Your Water is Limited? You don t have enough water to meet tree water needs (ET). Deficit irrigate. Irrigate as efficiently as possible. You can meet tree ET, but just barely.

5 What Do You Do If Your Water is Limited? You don t have enough water to meet tree water needs (ET). Deficit irrigate. Irrigate as efficiently as possible. You can meet tree ET, but just barely. Irrigate efficiently.

6 What Do You Do If Your Water is Limited? You don t have enough water to meet tree water needs (ET). Deficit irrigate. Irrigate as efficiently as possible. You can meet tree ET, but just barely. Irrigate efficiently. You have plenty of water.

7 What Do You Do If Your Water is Limited? You don t have enough water to meet tree water needs (ET). Deficit irrigate. Irrigate as efficiently as possible. You can meet tree ET, but just barely. Irrigate efficiently. You have plenty of water. Irrigate efficiently.

8 What Do You Do If Your Water is Limited? You don t have enough water to meet tree water needs (ET). Deficit irrigate. Irrigate as efficiently as possible. You can meet tree ET, but just barely. Irrigate efficiently. You have plenty of water. Irrigate efficiently. 1. Tree ET info. Looking at this list, what do we need? 2. Tree deficit irrigajon info. 3. IrrigaJon efficiency info.

9 Tree water requirements (ET) Available as historical averages and as real- Jme (CIMIS)

10 Tree water requirements (ET) Available as historical averages and as real- Jme (CIMIS). California IrrigaJon Management InformaJon System Google: CIMIS

11 Tree water requirements (ET) Historical averages:

12 Tree water requirements (ET) Historical averages:

13 Tree water requirements (ET) Historical averages:

14 Tree water requirements (ET) Real- Time ET: ET tree = Ref. Crop ET (ET o ) x Crop Coefficient ET o from CIMIS

15 Tree water requirements (ET) Crop Coefficients:

16 What Do You Do If Your Water is Limited? You don t have enough water to meet tree water needs (ET). Deficit irrigate. Irrigate as efficiently as possible. You can meet tree ET, but just barely. Irrigate efficiently. You have plenty of water. Irrigate efficiently. 1. Tree ET info. Looking at this list, what do we need? 2. Tree deficit irrigajon info. 3. IrrigaJon efficiency info.

17 Tree Deficit IrrigaJon Info. http: ucmanagedrought.ucdavis.edu

18 Tree Deficit IrrigaJon Info. http: ucmanagedrought.ucdavis.edu

19 Tree Deficit IrrigaJon Info. http: ucmanagedrought.ucdavis.edu

20 What Do You Do If Your Water is Limited? You don t have enough water to meet tree water needs (ET). Deficit irrigate. Irrigate as efficiently as possible. You can meet tree ET, but just barely. Irrigate efficiently. You have plenty of water. Irrigate efficiently. Looking at this list, what do we need? 1. Tree ET info. 2. Tree deficit irrigajon info. 3. IrrigaJon efficiency info.

21 Flood IrrigaJon Systems: Not a lot can be done to improve them, but here are two ideas:

22 Flood IrrigaJon Systems: Not a lot can be done to improve them, but here are two ideas: Monitor the soil moisture (and ideally the trees) to see if you can go longer between irrigajons.

23 Flood IrrigaJon Systems: Not a lot can be done to improve them, but here are two ideas: Monitor the soil moisture (and ideally the trees) to see if you can go longer between irrigajons. Don t flood the enjre middles. Use furrows pulled along the tree rows.

24 Sprinkler IrrigaJon Systems: How can we improve their performance?

25 Sprinkler IrrigaJon Systems: How can we improve their performance? Know the application rate. We provide water use information in units of inches of water use per day (or per week..). Need to know the system application rate (in/hr) in order to know how long to run the system.

26 Sprinkler IrrigaJon Systems: How can we improve their performance? Know the applicajon rate.

27 Sprinkler ApplicaJon Rate:

28 Sprinkler Nozzle Size:

29 Sprinkler ApplicaJon Rate Pitot Determining Pressure Pitot Tube & Pressure Gauge

30 Sprinkler ApplicaJon Rate:

31 Sprinkler ApplicaJon Rate:

32 Sprinkler ApplicaJon Rate

33 Sprinkler IrrigaJon Systems: How can we improve their performance? Know the applicajon rate. Determine and improve (if needed) the applicajon uniformity.

34 Sprinkler IrrigaJon Systems: Measuring sprinkler applicajon uniformity Tells you how evenly the water is applied.

35 Sprinkler IrrigaJon Systems: Measuring sprinkler applicajon uniformity Hire Someone to Do It For You.

36 Sprinkler IrrigaJon Systems:

37 MicroirrigaJon Systems How can we improve them?

38 MicroirrigaJon Systems How can we improve them? Know the applicajon rate and applicajon uniformity. Available at hap://ucanr.edu/schwankl along with the Powerpoint presentajon

39 MicroirrigaJon Systems IrrigaJon uniformity can be a problem with microirrigajon systems too. That means all the drippers or microsprinklers aren t discharging the same amount of water.

40 Microirrigation Systems Irrigation uniformity can be a problem with microirrigation systems too. Why wouldn t it be uniform? Not a good irrigation system design pressure differences too great.

41 Microirrigation Systems Irrigation uniformity can be a problem with microirrigation systems too. Why wouldn t it be uniform? Not a good irrigation system design pressure differences too great.

42 Microirrigation Systems Irrigation uniformity can be a problem with microirrigation systems too. Why wouldn t it be uniform? Not a good irrigation system design pressure differences too great. PC drippers or PC micros can help.

43 Microirrigation Systems Irrigation uniformity can be a problem with microirrigation systems too. Why wouldn t it be uniform? Not a good irrigation system design pressure differences too great. Maintenance problems. Clogging problems can lead to serious non-uniformity problems. Almost all clogging problems can be solved or prevented.

44 Clogging of Microirrigation Systems Source: Physical Clogging - Particulates

45 Clogging of Microirrigation Systems Source: Physical Clogging - Particulates Solution: Filtration

46 Filters: Screen, disk, and sand media filters are all available. They can all filter to the same degree BUT they req. different frequency of cleaning.

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52 Clogging of Microirrigation Systems Source: Chemical Precipitates Lime (calcium carbonate) and iron are the most common problems..

53 Chemical Precipitate Clogging of Microirrigation Systems Water quality levels of concern: Calcium: ph > 7.5 and 2.0 meq/l (120 ppm) of bicarbonate Iron: ph > 4.0 and 0.5 ppm iron

54 Clogging of Microirrigation Systems Source: Lime Solution: ph Control (Acidification) + filtration

55 Dealing with Iron Precipitation: 1. Precipitate iron in a pond / reservoir

56 Dealing with Iron Precipitation: 1. Precipitate iron in a pond / reservoir 2. Chemicals (e.g. phosphonic acid, phosphonate)) may keep iron in solution

57 Clogging of Microirrigation Systems Source: Biological Sources

58 Clogging of Microirrigation Systems Source: Biological Sources Solution: Filtration (usually media filters) + Biocide

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61 Chlorine as a Biocide Free Chlorine Prevent growth 1-2 ppm Periodic treatment ppm Serious clogging cleanup Test for chlorine using a pool / spa test kit

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63 Flushing of Microirrigation Systems: Silts and clay particles pass through even the best filters.

64 Flushing Silts and clay particles pass through even the best filters. Need to flush the system - mainlines, submains, and laterals (in that order).

65 Flushing Silts and clay particles pass through even the best filters. Need to flush the system - mainlines, submains, and laterals (in that order). Flush by hand or can use self-flushing end caps. Flush laterals by hand, use automatic flushing end caps, or manifold the ends together.

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67 Available at:

68 Stay on Top of Your Maintenance

69 Questions??? Larry Schwankl Presentation available at: Maintenance website: Drought website: