THE MATHEMATICS OF PLANET EARTH. John Baez
|
|
- Anissa Burke
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 THE MATHEMATICS OF PLANET EARTH John Baez
2 Robert Fogel - The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death,
3 Global Warming Art
4 The Keeling Experiment Global Warming Art
5 NASA Goddard Institute of Space Science
6 The Cryosphere Today
7 Antarctic ice cores and other data Global Warming Art
8 What can mathematicians do?
9 What can mathematicians do? Most of us know a bit about how the Industrial Revolution caused and was catalyzed by changes in mathematics.
10 What can mathematicians do? Most of us know a bit about how the Industrial Revolution caused and was catalyzed by changes in mathematics. But let s go back and see how math played a role in an even bigger revolution: the Agricultural Revolution from 10,000 to 5,000 BC.
11 What can mathematicians do? Most of us know a bit about how the Industrial Revolution caused and was catalyzed by changes in mathematics. But let s go back and see how math played a role in an even bigger revolution: the Agricultural Revolution from 10,000 to 5,000 BC. This is when we began to systematically exploit solar power by planting crops.
12 What can mathematicians do? Most of us know a bit about how the Industrial Revolution caused and was catalyzed by changes in mathematics. But let s go back and see how math played a role in an even bigger revolution: the Agricultural Revolution from 10,000 to 5,000 BC. This is when we began to systematically exploit solar power by planting crops. By now we use about 25% of all plant biomass grown worldwide! If this reaches 100% there will be, in some sense, no nature separate from humanity.
13 Starting shortly after the end of the last ice age, the agricultural revolution led to: surplus grain production, and thus kingdoms and slavery. astronomical mathematics for social control and crop planning. geometry for measuring fields and storage containers. written numbers for commerce. Consider the last...
14 Starting around 8,000 BC, in the Near East, people started using tokens for contracts: little geometric clay figures that represented things like sheep, jars of oil, and amounts of grain. The Schøyen Collection
15 Eventually groups of tokens were sealed in clay envelopes, so any attempt to tamper with them could be seen.
16 Eventually groups of tokens were sealed in clay envelopes, so any attempt to tamper with them could be seen. But it s annoying to have to break a clay envelope just to see what s inside! So, after a while, they started marking the envelopes to say what was inside.
17 Eventually groups of tokens were sealed in clay envelopes, so any attempt to tamper with them could be seen. But it s annoying to have to break a clay envelope just to see what s inside! So, after a while, they started marking the envelopes to say what was inside. At first, they did this by pressing the tokens into the soft clay of the envelopes.
18 Eventually groups of tokens were sealed in clay envelopes, so any attempt to tamper with them could be seen. But it s annoying to have to break a clay envelope just to see what s inside! So, after a while, they started marking the envelopes to say what was inside. At first, they did this by pressing the tokens into the soft clay of the envelopes. Later these marks were drawn on tablets.
19 Eventually groups of tokens were sealed in clay envelopes, so any attempt to tamper with them could be seen. But it s annoying to have to break a clay envelope just to see what s inside! So, after a while, they started marking the envelopes to say what was inside. At first, they did this by pressing the tokens into the soft clay of the envelopes. Later these marks were drawn on tablets. Eventually they gave up on the tokens. The marks on tablets then developed into the Babylonian number system! The transformation was complete by 3,000 BC.
20 J. J. O Connor and E. F. Robertson, Babylonian Numerals
21 It may seem like child s play now, but this 5,000-year process of abstraction the invention of a general notation for numbers laid the foundations for the math we know. By 1700 BC the Babylonians could compute 2 to 6 decimals: Yale Babylonian Collection, YBC7289
22 So: what kind of mathematics will we create when we realize the planet is finite, and no longer think of ourselves as separate from nature?
23 So: what kind of mathematics will we create when we realize the planet is finite, and no longer think of ourselves as separate from nature? Let s optimistically assume civilization survives.
24 So: what kind of mathematics will we create when we realize the planet is finite, and no longer think of ourselves as separate from nature? Let s optimistically assume civilization survives. Math may undergo a transformation just as big as it did in the Agricultural Revolution.
25 As an exercise, let s imagine the ideal machine for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
26 As an exercise, let s imagine the ideal machine for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. It should turn carbon dioxide into material that is buried somehow.
27 As an exercise, let s imagine the ideal machine for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. It should turn carbon dioxide into material that is buried somehow. But this takes energy! Making this with fossil fuels would defeat the whole purpose, so let s say the machine is solar powered.
28 As an exercise, let s imagine the ideal machine for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. It should turn carbon dioxide into material that is buried somehow. But this takes energy! Making this with fossil fuels would defeat the whole purpose, so let s say the machine is solar powered. The big problem is scaling up the operation fast enough.
29 As an exercise, let s imagine the ideal machine for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. It should turn carbon dioxide into material that is buried somehow. But this takes energy! Making this with fossil fuels would defeat the whole purpose, so let s say the machine is solar powered. The big problem is scaling up the operation fast enough. So, this machine should be self-reproducing. It should turn some of the CO 2 into new machines.
30 As an exercise, let s imagine the ideal machine for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. It should turn carbon dioxide into material that is buried somehow. But this takes energy! Making this with fossil fuels would defeat the whole purpose, so let s say the machine is solar powered. The big problem is scaling up the operation fast enough. So, this machine should be self-reproducing. It should turn some of the CO 2 into new machines. Even better, these machines should spread without human intervention.
31
32 If we could tweak trees to sequester more CO 2, or simply stop cutting down so many, it would make a big difference for global warming.
33 If we could tweak trees to sequester more CO 2, or simply stop cutting down so many, it would make a big difference for global warming. This is a simple example of ecotechnology: technology that works like nature and works with nature.
34 If we could tweak trees to sequester more CO 2, or simply stop cutting down so many, it would make a big difference for global warming. This is a simple example of ecotechnology: technology that works like nature and works with nature. For sophisticated ecotechnology we need to pay attention to what s already known permaculture, systems ecology and so on. But better mathematics could help.
35 To understand ecosystems, ultimately will be to understand networks. - B. C. Patten and M. Witkamp
36 To understand ecosystems, ultimately will be to understand networks. - B. C. Patten and M. Witkamp My own work on networks is rather abstract: nice math, but you might not see how it s useful. So let s look at something more concrete.
37 To understand ecosystems, ultimately will be to understand networks. - B. C. Patten and M. Witkamp My own work on networks is rather abstract: nice math, but you might not see how it s useful. So let s look at something more concrete.
38 Water given off by leaves helps cool the air. Increased carbon dioxide tends to close the pores let water out. So, less cooling.
39 Water given off by leaves helps cool the air. Increased carbon dioxide tends to close the pores let water out. So, less cooling. Cao and Caldeira argue that if we double CO 2 in the air, 16% of land warming will be caused by this effect!
40 Water given off by leaves helps cool the air. Increased carbon dioxide tends to close the pores let water out. So, less cooling. Cao and Caldeira argue that if we double CO 2 in the air, 16% of land warming will be caused by this effect! But CO 2 also helps plants grow leaves. Bounoua et al say this effect would cool the land by 0.6 C with doubled CO 2.
41 What s really going on? We need biologists to go out and study leaves... but we also need mathematicians to think about leaves.
42 What s really going on? We need biologists to go out and study leaves... but we also need mathematicians to think about leaves. Is there math in a leaf?
43 What s really going on? We need biologists to go out and study leaves... but we also need mathematicians to think about leaves. Is there math in a leaf? Yes! A mathematician at U.C. Davis, Qinglan Xia, has written a paper called The Formation of a Tree Leaf.
44 He models a leaf as a union of square cells centered on a grid, together with veins forming a weighted directed graph from the centers of the cells to the root. The leaf grows new cells at the boundary while minimizing a certain cost function.
45 The cost function depends on two parameters. Changing these gives different leaf shapes:
46 Qinglan Xia s work is definitely math:
47 This is one small part of the growing theory of networks. This theory uses computers, because it deals with systems too complex to understand using just pencil and paper. But it also uses much more: analysis, combinatorics, category theory, and many other branches of math. It draws inspiration from biology, ecology and sociology much as the math of the industrial revolution was inspired by physics. It s just beginning to be born. At the Azimuth Project we re trying to help it along.
THE MATHEMATICS OF PLANET EARTH. John Baez University of Southern California October 24, 2012
THE MATHEMATICS OF PLANET EARTH John Baez University of Southern California October 24, 2012 Robert Fogel - The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death, 1700-2100 Global Warming Art The Keeling Experiment
More informationTHE MATHEMATICS OF PLANET EARTH. John Baez University of Cambridge 12 March 2014
THE MATHEMATICS OF PLANET EARTH John Baez University of Cambridge 12 March 2014 We have left the Holocene and entered a new epoch, the Anthropocene, when the biosphere is rapidly changing due to human
More informationENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT WHAT PHYSICISTS CAN DO. John Baez Perimeter Institute 17 April 2013
ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT WHAT PHYSICISTS CAN DO John Baez Perimeter Institute 17 April 2013 Robert Fogel - The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death, 1700-2100 So far, the rise of modern civilization
More informationThe Carbon Cycle. Describe the carbon cycle as students move through different reservoirs of carbon on our planet. Carbon cycle, game, source and sink
The Carbon Cycle Describe the carbon cycle as students move through different reservoirs of carbon on our planet Carbon cycle, game, source and sink Ages 10-14 Math, Earth Science 45 minutes In advance,
More informationCool Globes and Climate Change Miranda Peterson
Cool Globes and Climate Change Miranda Peterson INTRODUCTION This lesson plan will introduce high school science classes to the greenhouse effect and examine the connection between the greenhouse effect
More informationACTIVIST IN THE UK! IF YOU WANT TO GO FAST, GO ALONE. N E W 1, 2 O R 3 M O N T H S P R O G R A M M E GO FAR, GO TOGETHER V I S I T U S :
IF YOU WANT TO GO FAST, GO ALONE. IF YOU WANT TO GO FAR, GO TOGETHER ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVIST IN THE UK! N E W 1, 2 O R 3 M O N T H S P R O G R A M M E V I S I T U S : A F R I C A N P R O V E R B W W W.
More informationChapter 35 Antarctica: Researching Climate Change at the Coldest Place on Earth 1. Introduction global warming Climate
Chapter 35 Antarctica: Researching Climate Change at the Coldest Place on Earth 1. Introduction Antarctica is the coldest continent on Earth. The average temperature at the South Pole is 74 F, a temperature
More informationGLOBAL WARMING. Earth should be in cool-down-period
GLOBAL WARMING Global Warming is defined as the increase of the average temperature on Earth. As the Earth is getting hotter, disasters like hurricanes, droughts and floods are getting more frequent. Over
More information12 It s Up to You and Me: Here and Across the Sea
12 It s Up to You and Me: Here and Across the Sea It s Up to You and Me: Here and Across the Sea 13 PART ONE Understand the Causes and Effects of Global Warming and Climate Change 14 It s Up to You and
More informationWhat do you think will happen to us if we keep polluting the environment? Imagine what our planet will be like based on the following news report.
A NEWS REPORT IN THE NEAR FUTURE What do you think will happen to us if we keep polluting the environment?,? Imagine what our planet will be like based on the following news report.,. Weather Super Storms
More informationThe Human Population. CK12 Editor. Say Thanks to the Authors Click (No sign in required)
The Human Population CK12 Editor Say Thanks to the Authors Click http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (No sign in required) To access a customizable version of this book, as well as other interactive content,
More informationReadiness Activity. (An activity to be done before viewing the video)
KNOWLEDGE UNLIMITED NEWS Matters Global Warming: Hot Enough for You? Vol. 3 No. 5 About NEWSMatters Global Warming: Hot Enough for You? is one in a series of six NewsMatters programs for the 1999-2000
More informationUnit 1 Climate and change
Name: Unit 1 Climate and change Glossary Atmosphere the layer of gases above the earth s surface. Climate the average of weather conditions measured over a period of 30 years. Climatologist a scientist
More informationYou Think the North is Cold! A Blanket Around Our World
We know that climate change is being caused by the warming of our planet. But what causes this warming? Who or what is in control of the thermostat? This backgrounder provides the answers to these questions.
More informationL ESSON P LAN:MEASURING THE SOLAR CONSTANT
L ESSON P LAN:MEASURING THE SOLAR CONSTANT Students will measure the temperature change in a bottle of water as it is exposed to sunlight (see Figure S1 in Student Worksheet 1). Using this data and other
More informationDo Now 5 Minutes. Based on what you know about the Carbon Cycle, how does carbon dioxide get in to our air?
Do Now 5 Minutes Topic CO 2 Cycles, Feedback Loops, and Albedo Based on what you know about the Carbon Cycle, how does carbon dioxide get in to our air? How does carbon dioxide get removed from the air?
More informationEffects of Climate Change on the Great Lakes Region. This morning, we ll address four questions:
Effects of Climate Change on the Great Lakes Region David Karowe Department of Biological Sciences Western Michigan University This morning, we ll address four questions: 1. Is climate change happening?
More informationCAN THE UNITED NATIONS KEEP CLIMATE CHANGE UNDER CONTROL?
CAN THE UNITED NATIONS KEEP CLIMATE CHANGE UNDER CONTROL? Climate change is one of the major challenges of our time and adds considerable stress to our societies and to the environment. From shifting weather
More informationMSP Carbon Assessment [Form A]
MSP Carbon Assessment [Form A] 1 of 10 MSP Carbon Assessment [Form A] Please answer these questions as carefully and completely as you can. If you are not sure of the answer, write about any ideas that
More informationThree Connected Interactives
Three Connected Interactives Carbon Dioxide and the Carbon Cycle Earth s Energy Flows and Climate Impacts of Climate Change in the Pacific Region Climate Change: Causes and Impacts Human Activities More
More informationCycling of Matter. The International Space Station has been continuously occupied since November, 2000.
Think about the astronauts living aboard the International Space Station. Like us, they need to breathe, eat, sleep, and use the bathroom. Yet, they are confined to a small spacecraft miles above Earth
More informationATM S 111: Global Warming Global Warming Primer. Jennifer Fletcher Day 2: June
ATM S 111: Global Warming Global Warming Primer Jennifer Fletcher Day 2: June 22 2010 Class Website! http://www.atmos.washington.edu/academics/classes/ 2010Q3/111/ (hopefully linked from your myuw page)
More information5-1 How Populations Grow
5-1 How Populations Grow How? (In general ecological terms.) Specifically, within populations what two primary factors determine the rate of growth and how are they related? What are two additional factors
More informationSuitable for grades 3-5. atmospheric composition. solar radiation. climate variability and change. volcanoes. clouds. carbon cycle.
Color and Understand the Global Climate System atmospheric composition solar radiation climate variability and change H 2 0, CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, O 3, etc. aerosols volcanoes clouds atmosphere-ice interaction
More informationSOCI 101 Introduction to Sociology
SOCI 101 Introduction to Sociology Professor Kurt Reymers, Ph.D. (DR. K) SOCIOLOGY.morrisville.edu > SOCI 101 1. The Population Explosion On October 31, 2011(+/- 6 months), the world saw its 7 billionth
More informationEnvironmental Science
Environmental Science Course Guide plus Earn College Credit with the DSST Exam by Cheri Frame, Credits Before College Table of Contents Course Overview... 4 Parent/Educator Notes... 5 Earn College Credit
More informationTERMS TO KNOW: Climate change:a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century
TERMS TO KNOW: Climate change:a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of
More informationEarth's Atmosphere. Atmospheric Layers. Atmospheric Layers
Earth's Atmosphere Today we will talk about the part of Earth that is most important to our survival - the atmosphere Earth's atmosphere is unique in the Solar System and has changed greatly over time
More informationVersion A. AP* Biology: Ecology Practice MC. Name: Period
Name: Period Version A AP* Biology: Ecology Practice MC Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by four suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best
More information1. Explain the role plants and animals have in the carbon cycle. How does this delicate
1. Explain the role plants and animals have in the carbon cycle. How does this delicate balance remain in place? 2. How did the introduction of fossil fuels corrupt the existing carbon cycle? 3. What are
More informationGlobal warming. Models for global warming Sand analogy
8.10 Global warming Assessment statements 8.6.1 Describe some possible models of global warming. 8.6. State what is meant by the enhanced greenhouse effect. 8.6.3 Identify the increased combustion of fossil
More informationOrleans Southwest and Lamoille North Science Curriculum (Grade Cluster PreK-2)
Orleans Southwest and Lamoille North Science Curriculum (Grade Cluster PreK-2) Big Idea: Life Science 1. Structure and Functions 2. Changes in Living Systems 3. Ecosystems and Energy Big Idea: Scientific
More informationWhat s my Carbon Footprint?
What s my Carbon Footprint? Science, Social Science, Mathematics Curriculum Levels 5-6 Activity Description This inquiry learning resource guides students to investigate and calculate their own carbon
More informationClimate change in simple terms is the erosion of the natural world
Planet Culture Climate change in simple terms is the erosion of the natural world We are disconnected from nature Marshal McLuhan (p.3, 1994) stated: we have acquired the art of carrying out the most dangerous
More informationAPES C1L2 How Are Our Ecological Footprints Affecting the Earth?
APES C1L2 How Are Our Ecological Footprints Affecting the Earth? Concept 1-2 As our ecological footprints grow, we are depleting and degrading more of the Earth s natural capital. Textbook pages 12-20
More informationWhat is climate change? - BBC News
What is climate change? - BBC News Media caption Why we should care about climate change? In December, of cials from across the world will gather in Paris, France, to try to hammer out a deal to tackle
More informationGETTING TO THE CORE: THE LINK BETWEEN TEMPERATURE AND CARBON DIOXIDE
DESCRIPTION This lesson plan gives students first-hand experience in analyzing the link between atmospheric temperatures and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations by looking at ice core data spanning hundreds
More informationOpinions about Climate Change
Activity Sheet 1 Opinions about Climate Change Cut out the writing and pictures. Match the opinion to the person. Stick down on a new piece of paper. OIL EXECUTIVE I ve been flying planes for over 20 years
More informationTHE COPENHAGEN CLIMATE SUMMIT 1 WORDS
H CPHG CLM SUMM 1 WS agree = to say yes agreement = when two or more people or countries promise to do something ; a treaty bind = here: to take up binding treaty = an agreement that you must follow cut
More informationUnit 1. Science and the Environment
Unit 1 Science and the Environment Part 1 Understanding Our Environment Part 1 This section describes the fields that contribute to environmental science. It also explores the history of humans in the
More information6-4 Charting a Course for the Future Slide 2 of 30
6-4 Charting a Course for the Future 2 of 30 Ozone Depletion What are two types of global change of concern to biologists? the ozone layer high in the atmosphere the global climate system 3 of 30 Ozone
More informationIŞIK UNIVERSITY MOCK EXAM ALTERNATIVE ENERGY 1A ENERGY CONSUMPTION
NAME: An abundant supply of low-cost energy is the key ingredient in continuing to improve the quality of our total environment. ENERGY CONSUMPTION Lee A. DuBridge 1. On 10 July 2012, Turkey used over
More informationLesson Plan Time Requirements: Objectives: Materials: Methods: Lesson Information: Clean, Green Power (Target: Grades 1-4)
Lesson Plan 050106 Clean, Green Power (Target: Grades 1-4) Time Requirements: 1. 30-minutes during science or reading time Objectives: 1. Create awareness for alternative energies 2. Create awareness for
More informationInstitute for Global Environmental Strategies: Discover Earth Program Materials
Lesson Summary Students explore a fictional Daisy World in order to understand albedo (the ability of the earth to reflect solar radiation) and feedback mechanisms (cycles of the Earth system that keep
More informationNatural Resources. Intext Exercise 1. Question 1: How is our atmosphere different from the atmospheres on Venus and Mars?
Intext Exercise 1 How is our atmosphere different from the atmospheres on Venus and Mars? Earth s atmosphere is different from those of Venus and Mars. This difference lies essentially in their compositions.
More informationOur Growing Need for Water Student Journal
Fresh Solutions Name: Date: Our Growing Need for Water Student Journal 1 Agricultural Water Use Introduction: Farming is responsible for about 70% of the freshwater we use around the world! It takes a
More informationTransformation and Balance in Nature
Transformation and Balance in Nature 12,000 years ago the earth s temperatures had warmed, and the climate stabilized. This was accompanied by rapid growth in ecosystems, and rapid growth in human population,
More informationChapter 19: Global Change
1 Summary Of the Case Study Polar Bear population in the Antarctic going down because temperatures are going up and melting the caps. Polar bears are losing their habitat, they also can t get their food
More informationFactors That Affect Global Temperature How Do Cloud Cover and Greenhouse Gas Concentration in the Atmosphere Affect the Surface Temperature of Earth?
Lab Handout Lab 17. Factors That Affect Global Temperature: How Do Cloud Cover and Greenhouse Gas Concentration in the Atmosphere Affect Introduction All matter in the universe radiates energy across a
More informationAgricultural Contributions to Carbon Sequestration
Agricultural Contributions to Carbon Sequestration Dr. Maurice Moloney Exec. Director and CEO 10 January 2018 GIFS Vision & Mission Create ingenious science that delivers sustainable food security for
More information2016 Essay Contest Climate Superheroes
2016 Essay Contest Climate Superheroes Saving Planet Earth Contest Prizes 1st Prize - $50 cash 2nd Prize - $30 cash 3rd Prize - $20 cash * * * * * Open to 6th-grade public, private, and home school students
More informationGlobal Climate Change: What the Future Holds, and What We Can Do About It
Global Climate Change: What the Future Holds, and What We Can Do About It Dr. David Karowe Professor, Department of Biological Sciences Schedule of Topics September 29: Recent climate change (Dave Karowe)
More informationThe Greenhouse Effect
Name: #: Date: 5.8 The Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse effect traps heat in the atmosphere. This helps the Earth remain warm enough for humans. Without the greenhouse effect, human would not be able to
More informationWHAT S YOUR FAVORITE MEMORY OF THE OCEAN?
WHAT S YOUR FAVORITE MEMORY OF THE OCEAN? HERE IS MY MENTAL PICTURE: HERE IS THE UNFORTUNATE REALITY: HUMAN IMPACT ON OUR OCEANS 8.11C - Recognize human dependence on ocean systems and explain how human
More informationClimate Bathtub Sim Coach Notes and FAQs
Climate Bathtub Sim Coach Notes and FAQs Drew Jones Climate Interactive With overall team: Tom Fiddaman, Michael Tempel, Linda Booth Sweeney, Peter Senge, John Sterman, Juan F. Martin, Susan Sweitzer,
More informationWorld is not addressing climate change, scientists warn in new report
World is not addressing climate change, scientists warn in new report By Washington Post, adapted by Newsela staff on 10.22.18 Word Count 896 Level 1040L Empty beach chairs rest on the sand as oil washes
More informationCUTTING THROUGH CLIMATE CHANGE BULLSH!T By John H. Detweiler
April 8, 2015 CUTTING THROUGH CLIMATE CHANGE BULLSH!T By John H. Detweiler detweij@peak.org There is a great deal of BS in the popular press these days about climate change. It comes from both the followers
More informationWeather has always been a hot topic of conversation. We talk about whether it is hot or cold, windy or calm, snowy or dry. We listen to the radio to
Weather has always been a hot topic of conversation. We talk about whether it is hot or cold, windy or calm, snowy or dry. We listen to the radio to figure out if the weather will be different tomorrow.
More informationOptimization Prof. Debjani Chakraborty Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
Optimization Prof. Debjani Chakraborty Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 39 Multi Objective Decision Making Decision making problem is a process of selection
More informationThe Environmental Challenges We Face
Visualizing Environmental Science The Environmental Challenges We Face Chapter 1 Copyright A World in Crisis: Humans are the Most Significant Agent of Environmental Change Increasing populations are overwhelming
More informationThe Biosphere biosphere
The Biosphere What makes Earth different from other planets in the solar system? One difference is Earth s abundance of living organisms. The part of Earth that supports life is the biosphere. The biosphere
More informationIndustrialization. From Farm to Factories: Urbanization. Context: What was the situation in England with the open field system?
Industrialization From Farm to Factories: Urbanization Context: What was the situation in England with the open field system? Problem How do you maximize the land around you? Solution How do you increase
More informationLesson 9. Objectives: ocus: Subjects: 1. To understand that carbon cycles from one form. 1. Science: Ecology & Chemistry 2. Reading / Language Arts
Lesson 9 Forests, Carbon & Our Climate Objectives: 1. To understand that carbon cycles from one form to another and the role that forests play in this process. 2. To understand where and how carbon is
More informationOn the Anthropocene Equation Bill Menke, April 25, 2017
On the Anthropocene Equation Bill Menke, April 25, 2017 I paraphrase a correspondent s email: my friends and I spotted the Anthropocene Equation 1 in some online article. If says that the rate of change
More informationThe Eco Pyramid. By Michael Stahl
The Eco Pyramid The Eco Pyramid By Michael Stahl An ecosystem is a group of living organisms going through their life cycles in a particular environment alongside nonliving things. Ecosystems exist because
More informationWhat Size Is Your Footprint?
What Size Is Your Footprint? Student Reading 2 Organizing a walk to school day is a fun way to reduce your carbon footprint and get others involved. Photo from the National Center for Safe Routes to School,
More informationEcology is the he study of how organisms interact with the environment and each other.
Ecology: Ecology is the he study of how organisms interact with the environment and each other. Ecology can often be subdivided into different types such as: Population ecology: Population ecology - examines
More informationSome resources (more websites later)
Some resources (more websites later) Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis at http://www.ipcc.ch/pub/reports.htm John Houghton Global Warming - the complete briefing Cambridge
More informationUnit 1: Living Systems
Biology is the study of life Unit 1: Living Systems Bio = life Logy = study of The scientific study of all forms of life, or all types of organisms Science means to know Science is a body of knowledge
More informationIB Biology HL Year 2 Summer Assignment
IB Biology HL Year 2 Summer Assignment Your Task: Read Chapter 4 Ecology Unit thoroughly. Complete the Cornell notes. Notes must be HAND WRITTEN. Answer end of section exercise questions. Type your responses.
More informationIn 2011 burning of fossil fuels provided 83% of mankind s energy resource while nuclear electric power provided 9%, and renewable energy 8% (1).
Hierarchy of Global Energy Sources and Related Risks John Bushell January 2015 johnbushell@jbvm.com.au Abstract This paper reviews future energy resource options required to provide mankind with the energy
More informationIPCC scientists warn of climate change disaster if changes not made
IPCC scientists warn of climate change disaster if changes not made By Chris Mooney, Brady Dennis, The Washington Post on 10.22.18 Word Count 989 Level 1240L Empty beach chairs rest on the sand as oil
More informationGENERATING ELECTRICITY & THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
GENERATING ELECTRICITY & THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT How is electricity generated? Make electricity using: solenoid (coil of wire) wire with alligator clips magnet galvanometer Draw and label a diagram showing
More informationTRANSCRIPT. Thanks Ashlee, my name is Rod, and we re going to open up with a poll question. [Pause for poll]
TRANSCRIPT SLIDE 1 [00:00]: Speaker: Thanks Ashlee, my name is Rod, and we re going to open up with a poll question. SLIDE 2 [00:07]: The question should have popped up on your screen. How large is the
More information1 Environmental Problems
CHAPTER 21 1 Environmental Problems SECTION Environmental Problems and Solutions BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is pollution? What are some
More informationMANUAL FOR REDD PROGRAM
MANUAL FOR REDD PROGRAM PART ONE CLIMATE CHANGE 1. What causes climate change? Climate change is a reality. It is a natural process, but it is now accepted by all the world s governments and by most scientists
More informationNATS 101 Section 13: Lecture 34. Global Warming Part I
NATS 101 Section 13: Lecture 34 Global Warming Part I Outline of three part global warming presentation What is the problem? How has the Earth s climate changed in recent years? Are these changes attributable
More informationClass IX Chapter 14 Natural Resources Science
Question 1: How is our atmosphere different from the atmospheres on Venus and Mars? Earth s atmosphere is different from those of Venus and Mars. This difference lies essentially in their compositions.
More informationGUEST ESSAY The Scientific Consensus About Global Warming John Harte
GUEST ESSAY The Scientific Consensus About Global Warming John Harte John Harte is Professor of Energy and Resources at the University of California, Berkeley. He is a Phi Beta Kappa distinguished Visiting
More informationContents. Permafrost Global Warming: An Introduction...4. Earth Is Getting Hotter...6. Green Homes The Greenhouse Effect...
Contents Global Warming: An Introduction...4 Earth Is Getting Hotter...6 The Greenhouse Effect...8 Greenhouse Gases...10 Ozone Layer Depletion...12 The Carbon Cycle...14 The Kyoto Protocol...16 Climate
More informationClaim Evidence Reasoning Activity. The effect of CO 2 on temperature
Claim Evidence Reasoning Activity The effect of CO 2 on temperature Vocabulary Ecosystems Biotic factor Abiotic factor Water Abiotic factor Acorn seed Biotic factor Forrest Ecosystem Bacteria Biotic Factor
More information2. How did the introduction of fossil fuels corrupt the existing carbon cycle?
1. Explain the role plants and animals have in the carbon cycle. How does this delicate balance remain in place? 2. How did the introduction of fossil fuels corrupt the existing carbon cycle?! I i 3. What
More informationSome say the climate meeting in Paris is our last hope.
FROZEN 2, MELTING IN THE SUN - DRIPPING SLOWLY, TIME TICKING AWAY Some say the climate meeting in Paris is our last hope. ESTABLISH JUNGFRAUJOCH - REVEAL THE RESEARCH CENTRE PERCHED ON TOP Some 500 km
More informationNCERT solution for Natural Resources
1 NCERT solution for Natural Resources Question 1 How is our atmosphere different from the atmospheres on Venus and Mars? Earth's atmosphere is a mixture of nitrogen (79%), oxygen (20%), and a small fraction
More informationHard Bargain Farm & District of Columbia Public Schools Science Learning Standards Alignment (Grades 3-6)
Science and Technology 3 Scientific Thinking and Inquiry Hard Bargain Farm & District of Columbia Public Schools Science Learning Standards Alignment (s 3-6) Page 1 Rev-7/31/2013 3.1.1 Recognize and explain
More information1.3 Energy and Equilibria
Name: Date: Class: IB Environmental Systems and Societies 1.3 Energy and Equilibria Significant Ideas: The laws of thermodynamics govern the flow of energy in a system and the ability to do work. Systems
More information11/15. Agenda. Albedo Effect Simulator: Discussion Climate Change Notes
Agenda 11/15 Albedo Effect Simulator: Discussion Climate Change Notes Announcements -Test (11/20) -Notebook check (tomorrow) -Lab due (11.59pm, tomorrow) -No quiz tomorrow Criteria Table of contents labeled
More informationInvestigation 3: Water Tolerance
5 th Science Notebook Environments Investigations 3 & 4 Investigation 3: Water Tolerance Name: Big Question: How does the range of tolerance and optimum environment effect an organisms growth? 1 Alignment
More informationCycles in Nature. About the. 30 Chapter 2. Ecosystems change over time and depend on the cycling of matter. 1 The Cycles of Matter...
2 Cycles in Nature Ecosystems change over time and depend on the cycling of matter. SECTION 1 The Cycles of Matter......... 32 2 Ecological Succession........ 36 About the These penguins have a unique
More informationbatteries, 7, 14, 16, 17, 22 ethanol, fuel cells, 14, 15 gasoline, conservation, 21, 22 consumption, 4, 5, 21 hydrogen, 12 15
pollutants (n.) dirt or debris in the air or on the ground (p. 5) radiant (adj.) brightly shining (p. 7) renewable a supply of something that can be resource (n.) replaced; a source of energy that is not
More informationWarm UP. Agenda. Practice Test Project. Explain Cartoon.
Warm UP Explain Cartoon. Agenda Practice Test Project Agenda Warm UP: Study for Quiz Notes on Human Impact Determine your Carbon Footprint Work on Project/Study Guide Quiz Human Activities Date: What do
More informationEcology Unit Notes: b. = Individual of a single species in. c. = more than one living in the same area.
Ecology Unit Notes: Name: Period: Daily Question: Explain an example of how something non-living affects the ecosystem. Then explain an example of how something living affects the ecosystem. Overview of
More informationAn Introduction to. This lecture will help you understand: Environment: the total of our surroundings
Ch Ch 1 3 An Introduction to Environmental Chapter titlescience Part 1: Foundations of Environmental Part title Science PowerPoint Slides prepared by Jay Withgott and Heidi Marcum Copyright 2006 Pearson
More informationLesson 1.2 Recycling Matter
Lesson 1.2 Recycling Matter Lesson Objectives Define biogeochemical cycles. Describe the water cycle and its processes. Give an overview of the carbon cycle. Outline the steps of the nitrogen cycle. Lesson
More informationEcological succession process consisting of consecutive changes in species composition in a given area
Unit 3 Interactions Among Living Things Ch. 7 Population Dynamics 7.1 Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems (see Figure 7.1, p. 208) - population group of individuals of the same species living in the
More informationAt what time was the bottle half full? Answer: 11:59AM
The increase in the size of a population (such as the human population) is an example of exponential growth. The human population grew at the slow rate of less than 0.002 percent a year for the first several
More informationEnergy Vocabulary. Word Definition Memory Aid the ability to cause an object to 1. energy move, change, or work
the ability to cause an object to 1. move, change, or work 2. trade-off something that you do not want, but have to accept in order to have something that you want (disadvantage) 3. variable a changing
More informationClassifying our Biotic Environment (Trophic Levels) Ecology. Ecology is study how things interact with other and else in the.
Ecology Ecology is study how things interact with other and else in the. Ecologists focus their attention on in order to organize their studies. Ecosystems can be very large or very small. For example:
More information