PATHWAYS TOWARDS CCS BEST PRACTICES IN PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY FROM COAL, GENÈVE, 29/10/2015

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1 PATHWAYS TOWARDS CCS BEST PRACTICES IN PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY FROM COAL, GENÈVE, 29/10/2015 Guido Magneschi Senior Adviser CO 2 capture EMEA

2 The Global CCS Institute Our Vision for CCS: CCS is an integral part of a low-carbon future OUR MISSION To accelerate the development, demonstration and deployment of CCS globally. We are an international membership organisation. Offices in Washington DC, Brussels, Beijing and Tokyo. Headquarters in Melbourne. Our diverse international membership consists of: o o o governments, global corporations, small companies, o research bodies, and 1 Fact-based, influential advice and advocacy 2 Authoritative knowledge sharing o non-government organisations. Specialist expertise covers the CCS/CCUS chain.

3 CCS is real Current operational projects have around 27 Mtpa of CO2 capture capacity

4 Large-scale CCS projects by region or country Early planning Advanced planning Construction Operation Total Americas China Europe Gulf Cooperation Council Rest of World Total North America (with 13 in the US and 6 in Canada), China (with 9) and UK (with 5) have the most projects

5 Actual and expected operation dates for projects in operation, construction and advanced planning Sinopec Shengli Peterhead Power Generation Boundary Dam Petra Nova Sargas Texas TCEP Don Valley White Rose Coal-to-liquids Kemper ROAD Chemical production Iron and steel production Illinois Industrial Yanchang Sinopec Qilu HECA** Synthetic natural gas Fertiliser production Oil refining Natural gas processing Enid Fertilizer Great Plains Shute Creek Century Plant Coffeyville Lost Cabin Lula Uthmaniyah Abu Dhabi Petro China Jilin ACTL Agrium ACTL Sturgeon Spectra*** EOR Dedicated Geological Hydrogen production Val Verde Sleipner Snøhvit Quest Gorgon*** In Salah* Air Products Operating = 1Mtpa of CO 2 (areas of circle are proportional to capacity) * Injection currently suspended *** Institute estimate ** Storage options under evaluation is a watershed period for CCS it is a reality in the power sector and additional project approvals are anticipated

6 : a year of action Operational 2015 Uthmaniyah Quest FID 2015/16 ROAD White Rose Peterhead US-China Projects 2016 Decatur Abu Dhabi CCS Kemper County Petra Nova

7 Advanced CCS projects - Europe Sleipner Snøhvit Peterhead CO2 cc: 1 Mtpa Power sector White Rose CO2 cc: 2 Mtpa Power sector ROAD CO2 cc: 1.1 Mtpa Power sector Don Valley CO2 cc: > 1 Mtpa Power sector

8 Emerging trends Europe Power sector: 3 projects are heading towards a FID however, few new projects in early planning. Industrial sector: recognised that CCS is the only de-carbonization option in some cases, increasing interest in industrial CCS Emerging trend of industrial CO 2 Networks and CCS Clusters around the North Sea: From project by project approach to the concept of European CO2 networks and CCS Clusters to capture multiple source of CO 2 sharing transport and storage infrastructures. Examples of cluster under consideration: Teesside, UK Rotterdam, NL Antwerpen, BE

9 Teesside CO 2 Collective: industrial CCS network (UK)

10 1 st generation technologies: state of art POST-COMBUSTION Chemical/Physical separation of CO 2 from flue gases produced by any combustion State of art: chemical absorption with amine-based solvents PRE-COMBUSTION Chemical/Physical separation of CO 2 from H 2 (before combustion). Applicable to Integrated Gasifier Combined Cycle (IGCC) plants State of art: absorption with physical and chemical solvents (commercial processes) OXY-COMBUSTION Combustion of fuels in oxygen and recirculated CO 2 in order to produce a near pure stream of CO 2. Applicable to nearly all combustion processes.

11 1 st generation technologies: key indicators Postcombustion Postcombustion Precombustion Oxycombustion Plant type SCPC/USCPC NGCC IGCC SCPC/USCPC Efficiency penalty (%-points)* Net power output decrease (%)* CO2 captured (kg CO2/MWh)** CO2 avoided (kg CO2/MWh)** LCOE w/o CCS (USD/MWh)** LCOE with CCS (USD/MWh) ** % LCOE increase with CCS** SCPC: super-critical pulverized coal, USCPC: ultra super critical pulverised coal. NGCC: natural gas combined cycle, IGCC: integrated gasifier combined cycle. *Indicative ranges **Cost data taken from Rubin et al., 2015.The cost of CO 2 capture an storage. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

12 CCS: levelised cost of electricity Source: The costs of CCS and other low-carbon technologies in the United States: 2015 update Global CCS Institute (downloadable on the Institute s website)

13 CCS: avoided cost of CO 2 Source: The costs of CCS and other low-carbon technologies in the United States: 2015 update Global CCS Institute (downloadable on the Institute s website)

14 CCS R&D is focussed on costs reduction First generation projects will deliver important lessons. New projects will benefit from learnings and will have lower cost. Continued R&D activities will help drive down costs of equipment and related materials as well as operating costs: Thermal and electrical energy requirements Materials consumption, such as solvents, sorbents and other chemicals International collaboration crucial to achieve cost and performance goals.

15 DOE CCS cost reduction goals Relative US DOE cost reduction targets and timing for 2nd generation and transformational carbon capture technologies Palsynski, S., Fueling the Future: Safe, Affordable, Secure Energy. Pittsburgh, PA, Proceedings of the 2015 NETL CO 2 Capture Technology Meeting, June 23 26, 2015.

16 DOE development timeline for new technologies Generalised development timelines for 2 nd generation and transformational capture technologies (US DOE, 2013) DOE/NETL Advanced Carbon Dioxide Capture R&D Program: Technology Update, Pittsburgh, PA.

17 2nd generation technologies Performer Focus Benefits Scale Post-combustion - solvent Neumann System Nozzle-Based solvent Group delivery Modular, scalable, solvent agnostic 0.5 MW e University of Kentucky 2-stage regeneration High pressure regeneration 0.7 MW e General Electric Global Research Amino-silicone solvent Enhanced energetics 1 MW e ION Engineering Non-aqueous solvent/amine mixture Enhanced energetics 0.7 MW e CO 2 Solutions Enzyme-catalysed solvent Regeneration energy reduction 0.5 MW e Post-combustion sorbent ADA-ES Amine-based sorbent Proof-of-concept at scale 1 MW e TDA Alkalised alumina sorbent Optimised process flow sheet (fixed bed) 1 MW e SRI International Carbon-based sorbent Sorbent attrition resistance 1 MW e Korea Electric Carbonate sorbent Power (KEPCO) (moving bed) Low-cost sorbent; process concept 10 MW e

18 2nd generation technologies (cont d) Performer Focus Benefits Scale Post-combustion membrane MTR Spiral-wound membrane Process design at scale 1 MW e GTI Solvent contactor Process intensification 1 MW e Pre-combustion SRI International Ammonium carbonate based solvent Inexpensive solvent 0.1 MW e TDA Carbon-based sorbent Process integration 0.1 MW e Oxy-fuel Aerojet Pressurised fluidised bed Latent heat recovery Rocketdyne combustion 1 MW e Net Power Alstom Power Inc. Oxy/supercritical CO 2 power cycle Limestone chemical looping combustion High efficiency power cycle Inexpensive oxygen carrier Industrial 50 MW th 1 MW e ITRI Korea Calcium looping Heat integration; process flow sheet 1.9 MW th IFK of University of Stuttgart ECN Calcium looping Optimization and scale-up 200 KW th SEWGS Combination of CO2 capture and water gas shift reaction (blast furnace gases)

19 Take-away messages CCS is a reality in industrial and power sector Further driving down cost of capture systems needs to be the focus of future R&D efforts Successful development of 2 nd generation technologies is critical in advancing more cost-effective capture technologies. Next wave of CCS projects need decisions now Challenge is not technology it is policy and political support 19

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