APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

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Bryan Cannon
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Heating System Distribution EU 332 Jay W.

for the future Know Campus layout Reliability meeting

Operation & Maintenance Course Overview Utilities Master

Architecture Types of Distribution Systems Operation &

1 Heating System Distribution EU 332 Jay W. Becker, PE Key Points Take Aways Planning is vital Build for the future Know Campus layout Reliability meeting needs Economics / options / trade offs Good Design Operation & Maintenance Course Overview Utilities Master Planning Steam and Hot Water Design Considerations System Architecture Types of Distribution Systems Operation & Maintenance Issues Construction Standards APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

Basic Purpose of Heating Distribution Serve key needs

Utilities Master Planning Campus age and condition Regional

Design Factors Utilities Master Planning Buildings vs.

2 Basic Purpose of Heating Distribution Serve key needs reliably for years Efficiently Safely Long duration Utilities Master Planning Campus age and condition Regional Development Utility Corridors Present loads / Future Growth Design Factors Utilities Master Planning Buildings vs. Infrastructure CIP Funding Options APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

3 District Heating System Diagram Design and Operational Issues Heating Media Steam Hot Water Hot Water Systems High Temp over 350 F Medium Temp 250 to 350 F Low Temp under 250 F APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

Steam Systems High Press over 350 psig Med Press 15 to 350

in supply and return lines Closed system Less water loss Less

heat capacity (180 Btu/lb F) Potential to freeze More

4 Steam Systems High Press over 350 psig Med Press 15 to 350 psig Low Press up to 15 psig Advantages of Hot Water Pressure in supply and return lines Closed system Less water loss Less corrosion Easier to control Disadvantages of Hot Water Lower heat capacity (180 Btu/lb F) Potential to freeze More complicated design (high temp) APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

Advantages of Steam Higher heat capacity (1100 Btu/lb +) Many applications; space heating hot

pipe sizes, more insulation Less flexible return system (slope) Condensate system maintenance

off) Design Issues Thermal Expansion (anchors, expansion control, pipe guides) Insulation

5 Advantages of Steam Higher heat capacity (1100 Btu/lb +) Many applications; space heating hot water, humidification, process load Potential to add cogeneration Disadvantages of Steam Larger pipe sizes, more insulation Less flexible return system (slope) Condensate system maintenance (traps, cond pumps, chemical treatment) More make up water (blow down) 2 position control (on / off) Design Issues Thermal Expansion (anchors, expansion control, pipe guides) Insulation (factory applied, field applied) Access for Maint and Repair Safety APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

6 Water Hammer Water Hammer Damage Hot Pipe Expands APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

7 APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

System Components Steam PRV, convertors, traps, meters Hot

back Radial limited flexibility for expansion Loop ability

8 System Components Steam PRV, convertors, traps, meters Hot Water HX, control valves, pumps, meters System Architecture Radial vs. Looped Radial from plant to load Loop from plant to load & back Radial limited flexibility for expansion Loop ability to expand easy to isolate higher cost more planning required APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

9 Radial Piping System Looped Pipe System Types of Distribution Systems Direct Bury (Boring) Utilidors Tunnels APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

Direct Bury Utility Systems Poured in place insulation

Expansion loops Access Vaults Pipe Boring At times the best

ends Limited flexibility Utilities Typically Buried Steam

10 Direct Bury Utility Systems Poured in place insulation Pre-insulated pipe Lowest first cost Easy installation Expansion loops Access Vaults Pipe Boring At times the best alternative Can be expensive Requires excavations at both ends Limited flexibility Utilities Typically Buried Steam and Hot Water Water, Nat Gas, Sewers APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

11 Pre-insulated Pipe APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

12 Direct Bury Piping Detail Trench Detail Pipe Anchor APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

13 Wall Penetration Large Direct Bury Project Expansion Loop APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

pre-cast top More protection and life than bury Less costly than

14 Expansion Joint (winter) Utilidors Shallow covered structure Accessible and non-accessible top One option - poured slab with pre-cast top More protection and life than bury Less costly than tunnels Utilidor Diagram APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

15 Utilidor Design Pre-Cast Utilidor Winter time Utilidor APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

place concrete Pre-manufactured Typically utilities on one side Ventilation Lighting &

16 Tunnels Big and deep enough to walk in (some crawl tunnels) Tops often sidewalks Long Life (50 + years) Maximum access Greatest flexibility for expansion Tunnels Poured in place concrete Pre-manufactured Typically utilities on one side Ventilation Lighting & power Drains Highest first cost Box Style Tunnel APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

17 EU 332 Heating System Distribution Box Style Tunnel Arch Style Tunnel Arch Style Tunnel APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

insulation Hot Water valves, pump seals,

18 Pre-Manufactured Tunnel Operation and Maintenance Issues Vaults & manholes (bury & utilidor) Structure, joints, seals (utilidors & tunnels) Steam traps, pumps, PRV s, valves, insulation Hot Water valves, pump seals, insulation Utility Vault APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

19 Pre-Cast Vault Steam Traps Insulation Flash Tank Expansion Joint APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

20 Expansion Joint and Anchor Cost of Construction First Cost vs. Life Cycle Cost Expandability Long Term Reliability Tour with Pictures APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

21 EU 332 Heating System Distribution Utilidor Construction APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

22 Tunnel Construction APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

23 Older tunnels APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

24 Question & Answer Jay W. Becker, PE Facilities Engineer University of Puget Sound Tacoma, WA APPA Institute, Dallas TX, February

Central Heating Plants EU 311

Central Heating Plants EU 311 Jay Becker, P.E. KEY POINTS TAKE AWAYS Why Central Plants? Boilers & Fuels Water Treatment Environmental Issues Clean Air & Clean Water COURSE OVERVIEW Central vs. Individual