Collaborative Research on Carbon Sequestration in Saline Aquifers in China

Transcription

1 Collaborative Research on Carbon Sequestration in Saline Aquifers in China Dongxiao Don Zhang Peking University, Beijing University of Southern California GCEP Sixth Annual Research Symposium Creating a Sustainable Energy System for the 21 st Century & Beyond September 28-29, 2010

2 GCEP Project: Started in 2009 Collaborative Research on Carbon Sequestration in Saline Aquifers in China, PKU-CUG-USC CUG: China University of Geosciences in Wuhan PKU: Peking University in Beijing USC: University of Southern California

3 Collaborative Team o Peking University (Beijing) Dongxiao Zhang, professor (Hydrogeology and PetEng) : Director Qingdong Cai, associate professor (Computational fluid mechanics) : co-director Yi Zheng, assistant professor (Hydrogeology) Bin Gong, assistant professor (Subsurface modeling, PetEng) o China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Yilian Li, professor (Geochemistry) : co-director Yanxin Wang, professor (Hydrogeology and Geochemistry) Jianmei Cheng, professor (Hydrogeology) o University of Southern California Dongxiao Zhang, professor (Hydrogeology and PetEng) : Director Kristian Jessen, assistant professor (ChemEng and PetEng) o 6 post-doctoral researchers and 25 graduate students

4 The Need for Collaboration

5 Emissions Reduction Commitment of China Cutting CO 2 emissions per unit of GDP by 40-45% in 2020, compared with 2005 level. Equivalent to additional billion tons of reductions, given current reduction measures. Mixed options: Energy efficiency improvement, energy saving, renewable energy, and CCS

6 China s Medium-long Term Energy Projection Total Energy (0.1 Billion Tce) Energy Structure Sketch Map Source: CAE Even under the most aggressive policy scenario, coal will continue to meet nearly half of China s energy demand through 2030 and a significant portion for the foreseeable future.

7 Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Continuing burning of coal will continue to generate CO 2 No clean coal technology is clean without taking care of the carbon generated Among other measures, CCS will be needed to achieve the carbon emissions reduction goal Since 2005, a number of CCUS approaches are explored in China (a late start but with a rapid development) Governmental supports are ramping up

8 Major Players in China (1): CNPC/PetroChina Ministry of Science and Technology 973 Project Geological Carbon Storage with Enhanced Oil Recovery Fundamental R&D Fate and distribution of injected CO 2 PetroChina Jilin Oilfield Pilot CO 2 -EOR CO 2 separated from CO 2 rich natural gas field Injection: 10,000 t/yr Peking University: one of the major partners

9 Major Players in China (2): Huaneng The largest power generator in China GreenGen Project: PCC : 3000 t/a pilot plant in Beijing (2007- ) PCC: 100,000 t/a industrial scale pilot plant in Shanghai (2009- ) Largest PCC plant Close collaboration with Peking University for carbon storage 3000 t/a CO 2 PCC Pilot in Beijing: CO 2 in FG:12%-15% Capacity: Nm 3 /h (75%-135%) FG CO 2 in Exhaust Gas: ~2% Captured CO 2 :99.7%, kg/h Start to operate in 15 July 2008, Accumulative Operation hours: 9000

10 Major Players in China (3): Chinese Geol. Survey Mapping Chinese basins for carbon sequestration Developing methodology for assessing sequestration capacity in China Screening tools for selecting suitable sites for refined studies Large scale pilot study in collaboration w/ Shenhua: Carbon from CTL plant; 100,000 t/a Partners: Peking University, China University of Geosciences, etc.

11 Major Players in China (4): Shenhua Largest coal producer in the world 11% world coal production CTL Plant: 3 Mt/a high purity CO 2 Large scale pilot study: Carbon from CTL plant; 100,000 t/a Technology Provider: Peking University, in partnership with Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University

12 Ordos Basin Saline Aquifer Ordos is one of China s largest basins for energy production and for carbon storage Estimated seq. capacity: Oil and Gas fields: million tons Coal Seams Oil/ Gas Saline Aquifer Deep coal seams and ECBM: 1-10 billion tons Deep saline aquifers: billion tons

13 Shenhua Carbon Storage Pilot The pilot is located at 40km southeast of Ordos City; 17km northwest of CTL plant From 2010, inject 100,000t/a of CO 2 World largest pilot for sequestering coal-generated CO 2 in a saline aquifer CO2 Storage Pilot Site CTL Plant

14 Regional Reservoirs, Caprocks and Traps The strata in Ordos basin between Meso-Proterozoic and Tertiary are well developed and the depositional cycle is clear. Potential storage formations: the Lower- Paleozoic carbonate rock widely distributed. Caprocks: the bauxitic mudstone and dark mudstone stably distributed above.

15 Target Storage Fm The circulation of karst water in the Ordos basin

16 Cumul Injection (t) Geol. and Computer Modeling W/o hydro-fracturing, only about 10,000 t/a can be injected in a well 累积注入量 / t 注入时间 Inj time /(d) 天 Model parameters: Horizontal:1459m Lateral:1444m Depth:1863m m Total 587m ShiQianFeng SanXi group Ave. porosity:3.9 % Ave. perm.:0.12 md

17 3D Model with Hydro-Frac. Geological Model Hydraulic Fracturing Model Stanford GPRS used DFM Model

18 North South (m) CO 2 distribution after 5 years of injection East - West (m)

19 North South (m) CO 2 front observation time Time contour map of CO 2 front observation time (month) CO 2 front observation time at a specific position considering possible fracturing directions (year) East - West (m)

20 Project Activities (1) Geology and Hydrogeology (CUG) The selection of suitable sites for carbon sequestration Comprehensive review of sedimentary basins in China in terms of basin characteristics and proximity to CO 2 point sources. Develop consistent criteria for screening and ranking basins: Lateral extend, quality of caprocks/seals, geological and hydrogeological properties including depth, porosity, permeability, temperature, pressure, and geochemical conditions. Identify suitable candidates for large-scale storage projects (>200Mt of CO 2 ). Select three candidates for detailed characterization

21 Project Activities (1) Characteristics of major basins in Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Area

22 CO 2 sequestered (mineral trapping)(kg/m 3 ) Project Activities (2) Modeling and Simulation (PKU/USC) Effect of Porosity on Mineralization porosity <> <> + <> - original result Uncertainty quantification Multiple parameters Non-linearly coupled processes Effect of spatial heterogeneity on Radial distance(m) Trace of Spatial Moments fate of inject CO 2 Absolute vs. relative dispersion framework Dilution index Spatial moments

23 Absolute vs. Relative Dispersion Framework Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Jahangiri and Zhang, IJGGC, 2010 Absolute Dispersion Averaging Relative Dispersion Averaging

24 Project Activities (2) Modeling and Simulation (PKU/USC) Poster by PKU students Fractured porous media Caprocks Pressure build up Injection rates Coupled processes Microscopic, density-driven flow Chen & Zhang, POF, 2009

25 fraction of gas trapped kr's Project Activities (3) Counter-Current Flow (USC) Derive macroscopic constitutive models (e.g. relative permeability) Emphasis on counter-current flow Perform experimental studies Test models relative to experimental observations Nattwongaseem, Javaheri & Jessen, USC krw-co krg-co krw-count krg-count S w log(k) cocurrent countercurrent mixed time (days)

26 Project Activities (3) Nattwongaseem, Javaheri & Jessen, USC

27 Summary Geological sequestration presents an immediate, low-cost option for carbon management in China and in the world. Carbon sequestration is an important measure for sustaining fossil fuel based economy. China had a late start in CCS but with rapid developments, and the governmental support on CCS technologies is ramping up. The project team has had a close cooperation with major players in China, which provides a great leverage to the project.

28 Project Sponsored Publications (1) Chen, C., and D. Zhang, Lattice Boltzmann simulation of the rise and dissolution of two-dimensional immiscible droplets, Physics of Fluids, 21, , DOI: / , Rapaka, S., R. Pawar, P. Stauffer, D. Zhang, S. Chen, Onset of convection over a transient base-state in anisotropic and layered porous media, J. Fluid Mech., 641: , doi: /s , Chen, C., and D. Zhang, Pore-scale simulation of density-driven convection in fractured porous media during geological CO 2 sequestration, Water Resources Research, in press, Jahangiri, H.R., and D. Zhang, Effect of Spatial Heterogeneity on Plume Distribution and Dilution during CO 2 Sequestration, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, provisionally accepted, L.Jiang, Y.L.Li, W.Zhang, G.B.Qiu. Numerical Simulation of Potential Effects of CO2 Leakage on Shallow Potable Aquifers. Accepted by IAHS Red Book publication entitled Managing Groundwater and the Environment. Wei Zhang, Yilian Li, Tianfu Xu, et al. Numerical simulation on effects of convective mixing on long term CO2 geological storage in deep saline formations. Environmental Earth Science (the revised paper has been submitted).

29 Project Sponsored Publications (2) Anne Nyatichi Omambia, Yilian Li, Wei Zhang. Numerical simulation of carbon dioxide injection in Wangchang Oilfield - Jianghan Basin, China. Accepted by Journal of American Science. Ling Jiang. Research on the Environmental Effects on the CO2 geological storage, Jianghan Case[D], China University of Geosciences, 6, Gengbiao Qiu. Design of the Injection Technique of CO2 in Xingou Olifield of the Jianghan Basin [D], China University of Geosciences, 6, Anne Nyatichi Omambia. Design of the carbon dioxide injection in Wangchang Oilfield-Jianghan Basin, China [D], China University of Geosciences, Nattwongasem, D. and Jessen, K: "Residual Trapping of CO2 in Aquifers during the Counter-Current Flow", Paper SPE , SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 4 7 October Gong, B., Huo, D., Discrete Modeling and Simulation on Potential Leakage Through Fractures and Wells in CO2 Sequestration, SPE135507, presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in September 2010 in Florence, Italy. Gong, B., Huo, D., Numerical Simulation on CO2 Leakage through Fractures along Wells using Discrete Fracture Modeling, SPE133986, presented at SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition held in October 2010 in Brisbane, Australia.

30 Thank You!