Collaboration & Knowledge Sharing on Large-scale Demonstration Projects. Xiaoliang Yang, PhD World Resources Institute

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1 Collaboration & Knowledge Sharing on Large-scale Demonstration Projects Xiaoliang Yang, PhD World Resources Institute

2 World Resources Institute ABOUT WRI WRI is a global research organization that turns big ideas into action at the nexus of environment, economic opportunity and human well-being. PART 1 Institutional Project staff on the ground and/or project office Active partnership

3 The U.S.-China Clean Energy Research Center Advanced Coal Technology Consortium The U.S. China Clean Energy Research Center (CERC) is a joint initiative to accelerate research, development, and deployment of clean energy technologies, established and managed by both national governments since CERC s Advanced Coal Technology Consortium (ACTC) focus its R&D in the following topic areas: Advanced Power Generation, Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing on a Large-scale Demonstration Project, CO 2 Utilization and Storage, and System Analysis and Modeling.

4 Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing on Large-scale Demonstration Projects The work aims to assist both the U.S. and China in developing largescale CCUS demonstration by accelerating interactive learnings and knowledge sharing from existing and planned large demonstration projects and their associated research. China Huaneng Group Clean Energy Research Institute Huazhong University of Science and Technology Shenhua Group Chinese Academy of Science Institute for Rock & Soil Mechanics Chinese Geological Survey USA World Resources Institute Duke Energy Jupiter Oxygen Corp Southern Company (National Carbon Capture Center) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory Illinois State Geological Survey

5 Task Statements Task 1. Develop & Demonstrate pilot and large-scale integrated CCUS projects (China-side partners lead) Task 1.1. Pre- & Post- Combustion Technology Sharing (Huaneng Lead) Task 1.2. Oxy Combustion Technology Sharing (HUST Lead) Task 2. Knowledge & Information sharing on large-scale CCUS demonstration projects in the U.S. and China (U.S.-side lead-world Resources Institute) g project sponsors, developers, research institutes, and other participants. Post-combustion Pre-combustion Oxy-combustion Utilization & Storage At the project level, the ACTC knowledge-sharing theme should help ACTC members build capacity, increase knowledge stocks, and eventually raise the efficiency and effectiveness of collaboration. Huaneng Shidongkou Huaneng Tianjin IGCC HUST 35MW Shenhua Ordos Southern NCCC Southern (NCCC+Kemper) Jupiter Oxygen Yanchang EOR Petra Objectives Nova (Invited) FutureGen 2.0 (Confirmed) ISGS-ADM Phase I Air Product This effort is designed to expedite learnings from existing and planned large demonstration projects and their associated researches through effective (Invited) knowledge sharing among participants in the US and China. By working with business partners both in the U.S. and China, the Theme II also looks into identifying business opportunities in CCUS and related-industry in the two nations, including understanding the CCUS and coal markets, identifying technology needs, and assessing potential business partners, etc.

6 Work Progress Both sides signed our knowledge-sharing Joint Work Plan on October 31, (During our CERC Phase I, we do not have knowledge sharing theme on large-demos.) Since then, we first summarized the lessons from Shenhua Ordos-CO2 Storage Project in the fourth quarter of 2016, then shared the progress on Huaneng IGCC+CCS project and HUST s 35MW Oxy-demo in the first quarter of Now, we are working with FutureGen 2.0 to summarize lessons, and will compare them with HUST 200MW Oxy-combustion feasibility study. After this work, we plan to compare the information between Kemper IGCC+CCS and Huaneng IGCC+CCS Project.

7 Shenhua Ordos CO2-Storage Project Shenhua Ordos Project is China s first integrated CCS demonstration, which has injected around 300,000 tons of CO 2 into saline aquifer in Ordos Basin. It has been a CERC member since the beginning of the first phase. Several strategic factors motivated Shenhua to start this project around Coal will dominate China s energy mix for a long time; 2. Coal-to-chemicals industry will have a significant growth, which will also have a huge-amount of highly-concentrated CO2 emissions; 3. Capturing CO2 from coal-to-chemicals is relatively cheaper compared with power sector; 4. Shenhua could be leading CCS industry in China and even in Asia for a long time.

8 Schedule 2006 Pre-feasibility study 2008 Geological study 2009 Feasibility study 2010 Construction started 2011 Injection started 2015 Injection ended Tons/CO Injected in the year 13,417 61, ,086 70,000 80,000 Accumulative injection 75, , , ,8167

9 Project Layout

10 CO2 Source The carbon dioxide is sourced from the coal gasification process, in which hydrogen is produced for coal direct hydrogenation. The CO2 is already concentrated (80%) at the inlet of the carbon capture unit. Coal Direct Liquefaction Coal Indirect Liquefaction Coal to SNG CTO Unit ton of CO 2 / ton of oil ton of CO 2 / ton of oil ton of CO 2 / 1000m3 ton of CO 2 / ton of olefin This Shenhua Coal-to-Liquids facility produce 3 million tons CO2 a year; the CCS facility captures less than 1 percent of its CO2 emissions. Total CO 2 Emission Highly Concentrated CO 2 Emission Percentage of Highly Concentrated CO2 Emission % % % %

11 CO2 Capture The main capture process includes pressurization, desulphurization, TSA ( temperature swing adsorption)-related dehydration, refrigeration, liquefaction, and distillation. Obtain low-temperature CO 2 at liquid state with purity as high as 99.9%.

12 Storage Formation

$8Mpa (fracking pressure is 13 Mpa).$

13 CO2 Injection Injection pressure is 4.8Mpa (fracking pressure is 13 Mpa). Injection temperature is 0.

14 Monitoring Monitoring Atmosphere (48 Points) Terrance Underground Groundwater sampling and monitoring Pressure & temperature VSP

15 Regulatory Framework No permitting process at the national and provincial level for CCS projects yet Shenhua only registered this project in the provincial Development and Reform Commission. No guidelines on pore space right Shenhua owns the coal resources in that area; however, no clear government guidelines indicated Shenhua also owns the pore space on that site. No guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment and Safety So shenhua interviewed experts all around the world to learn how to ensure the environmental integrity. No post-injection management guidelines So now, with 300,000 tons/co2 injected, the plan is still under development.

16 Economics Overall The full cost (including construction and operating cost) of capturing, transporting, and injecting a ton of CO2 is around 250 RMB/ton(USD30) (If we do include the construction cost, a ton of CO2 costs around 150 RMB/ton (USD20)) The overall capital investment for the CCS unit is RMB 2 Billion. Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology provided RMB 20 Million for R&D surrounding this project. Capital Investment 1.9 Billion (RMB) Purchased Equipment 34 Million (RMB) 18% Purchased Equipment Installation 5.6 Million (RMB) 3% Construction expenses 88 Million (RMB) 46% Materials expenses 28 Million (RMB) 15% Others 32 Million (RMB) 17% Consturction Expenses 1%1% 6% 4% 88% Capture & Transport Injection Underground Storage Safety Other Except the injection pump, all other major equipment are made domestically.

17 Lessons and Possible Collaboration Areas Technology Improve the efficiency of capture system Understand the economically feasibility to scale up the capture system Site characterization/monitoring Supercritical CO2 Pipeline Policy Incentives No Policy incentives in China at this point to push the CCS projects No major programs to support integrated large-scale CCS Regulatory Framework No permitting process No technical standards for capture, transport, and storage No post-monitoring guidelines

18 A comparison IBDP and Shenhua Project Next steps for knowledge sharing IBDP Shenhua CO2 Source Ethanol Plant Coal-to-Liquids CO2 Capture compression and dehydration thermal swing absorption CO2 Transport pipeline (1.9 km above the ground) Truck (17 km) CO2 Storage saline formation saline formation Depth of Injection /- m 1600m-2500m Total injected Volume 1 million tons in 3 yrs 300,000 tons in 3 yrs Economics $ / tonne $ 20 / tonne (from a discussion) Public outreach Yes No Permitting Yes No IBDP Source: g/resources/reports.html

19 Thank You!

China CCUS Developments and Perspective

IEA GHG International Interdisciplinary CCS Summer School, 17th-23rd July 2011. Champaign, Illinois, USA China CCUS Developments and Perspective Prof. Dr. Ningsheng Cai Department of Thermal Engineering,