(C02) capture. Oxy-fuel combustion. for power generation and carbon dioxide. Ligang Zheng. ppsw*^ Edited by. i *M UNIVERSITATSBIBLIOTHEK

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1 Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy: Number 17 Oxy-fuel combustion for power generation and carbon dioxide (C02) capture Edited by Ligang Zheng TECHNISCHE INFORM ATI0N5BIBII0THEK UNIVERSITATSBIBLIOTHEK HANNOVER V ' WP WOODHEAD PUBLISHING ppsw*^ ^ i *M Oxford Cambridge Philadelphia New Delhi

2 Contents Contributor contact details Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy Foreword xi xv xix J. M. Beer, MIT, USA 1 Overview of oxy-fuel combustion technology for carbon dioxide (C02) capture 1 L. Zheng, CanmetENERGY, Natural Resources Canada, Canada 1.1 Introduction Oxy-fuel combustion: concepts and components Oxy-fuel combustion: background and motivation Existing challenges for oxy-fuel combustion technology Development of oxy-fuel combustion technology About this book Acknowledgements References 11 Part I Introduction to oxy-fuel combustion 2 Economic comparison of oxy-coal carbon dioxide (C02) capture and storage (CCS) with pre- and post-combustion CCS 17 D. Thimsen, J. Wheeldon and D. Dillon, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), USA 2.1 Introduction Oxy-coal power plant systems scope Oxy-coal carbon dioxide (C02) capture and storage (CCS) cost estimates and comparisons with post- and pre-combustion C02 capture Conclusions References 34 v

3 vi Contents 3 Oxy-fuel power plant operation 35 Y. Tan, CanmetENERGY, Natural Resources Canada, Canada 3.1 Introduction Flue gas recycle system Oxygen (02) handling Leakages Slagging and ash formation Flue gas cleaning equipment Maintenance of oxy-fuel power plants Plant control systems Conclusion References 52 4 Industrial scale oxy-fuel technology demonstration 54 T. Wall and R. Stanqer, The University of Newcastle, Australia 4.1 Introduction Oxy-fuel demonstrations and large pilot plants Demonstrations and progress towards commercial deployment Conclusions Update Acknowledgements References 74 5 Oxy-fuel combustion on circulating fluidized bed (CFB) 77 E. J. Anthony, CanmetENERGY, Natural Resources Canada, Canada and H. Hack, Foster Wheeler North America Corporation, USA 5.1 Introduction Early work Other test facilities CanmetENERGY tests Longer duration sulphation tests Large pilot-scale and demonstration projects References 96 Part II Oxy-fuel combustion fundamentals 6 Ignition, flame stability, and char combustion in oxy-fuel combustion 101 C. Shaddix, Sandia National Laboratories, USA and A. Molina, National University of Colombia, Colombia 6.1 Introduction 101

4 Contents vii 6.2 Coal ignition Flame stability Char combustion Carbon burnout Conclusions and future trends References Oxy-coal burner design for utility boilers 125 J. Shan, Siemens Energy, USA and A. Fry, Reaction Engineering International, USA 7.1 Introduction Overview of air-fired burner design methodology Changes to burner design criteria and constraints Oxy-coal burner principles Commercial oxy-coal burners Conclusions References Pollutant formation and emissions from oxy-coal power plants 145 Y. Tan, CanmetENERGY, Natural Resources Canada, Canada 8.1 Introduction Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions Sulphur oxide (SOx) emissions Mercury and trace elements Ash formation Integrated emissions control Vent stream from flue gas compression train Conclusion References Oxy-fuel heat transfer characteristics and impacts on boiler design 166 Y. Liu, T. Wall, S. Khare, The University ofnewcastle, Australia and R. Gupta, The University of Alberta, Canada 9.1 Introduction Heat transfer criteria for oxy-fuel combustion Theoretical heat transfer analysis Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) radiation heat transfer models Conclusions Acknowledgements References 190 Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2011

5 viii Contents 10 Current and future oxygen (02) supply technologies for oxy-fuel combustion 195 N. M Prosser and M. M. Shah, Praxair, Inc., USA 10.1 Introduction Oxygen supply needs for oxy-coal power plants Vacuum pressure swing adsorption technology Cryogenic air separation technology Oxygen transport membrane (OTM) technology Future trends Acknowledgements References Carbon dioxide (C02) compression and purification technology for oxy-fuel combustion 228 M. M. Shah, Praxair, Inc., USA 11.1 Introduction Industrial carbon dioxide (C02) production process Oxy-fuel flue gas C02 purification process Recent advances in the oxy-fuel flue gas C02 purification technology Environmental performance of oxy-fuel power plant Future trends Conclusions Acknowledgements References 253 Part III Advanced oxy-fuel combustion concepts and developments 12 Direct oxy-coal combustion with minimum or no flue gas recycle 259 H. Kobayashi and L. E. Bool, Praxair, Inc., USA 12.1 Introduction Prior work on near zero flue gas recycle oxy-fuel fired boilers Design considerations for near zero flue gas recycle Separate fired chambers for different steam circuits Furnace with controlled radiant heating of superheaters and reheaters Furnace with distributed firing Furnace with multiple partition walls Conclusion References 272

6 Contents ix 13 High pressure oxy-fuel (HiPrOx) combustion systems 273 B. Clements, R. Pomalis, L. Zheng and T. Herage, CanmetENERGY, Natural Resources Canada, Canada 13.1 Introduction Rankine cycle power systems Uses of pressure in power systems Equipment and operational considerations Other high pressure power generation systems The industrial sector Future trends Acknowledgements References Chemical-looping combustion for power generation and carbon dioxide (C02) capture 294 H. Jin and X. Zhang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China 14.1 Introduction Principle of systems integration for chemical-looping combustion Solid looping materials Design of chemical-looping combustion systems Chemical-looping combustion systems with different fuels Future trends Conclusions References Oxy-fuel combustion of gaseous fuel 335 N. Zhang and W. Han, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China 15.1 Introduction Thermodynamic cycles using conventional air separation technology Thermodynamic cycles using advanced air separation technologies Use of solid fuel with gasification technology Future trends References 360 Index 365