MAPPING THE ENVIRONMENTALLY VULNERABLE AREAS IN JAKARTA BAY, INDONESIA

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1 2010 YEOSU EXPO Project MAPPING THE ENVIRONMENTALLY VULNERABLE AREAS IN JAKARTA BAY, INDONESIA 10 November 2011

2 Background As a part of RO Korea s appreciation of hosting the 2012 Exposition in Yeosu, the Organizing Committee of the Expo committed to provide fund for the Yeosu Project in the developing countries to assi st their work in sustainable development of the oceans and coasts. For the implementation of the Yeosu Project, the Yeosu EXPO Organizing Committee appointed the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) as the project implementing agency. KOICA evaluated various project proposals on Indonesia project and selected the Jakarta Mapping Project submitted by the Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation (KOEM).

3 Jakarta Bay Area The impending threats: adverse impacts of climate change and natural hazards such as Tsunami. the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 Pangandaran West Java in 2006 All sides of the Java coastal system encounter different oceanic hazards with wind waves triggering sedimentation and erosion in many sites of the north coasts, while storm surges coming from the Indian Ocean threatening the south coasts (Hadi et al., 2009) Environmental condition of Jakarta is also seriously dilapidated by the pollution from sewage of more than 20 million residents and industrial wastes of 2000 plus factories 1,100 ton of wastes directly dumped to Jakarta Bay Indonesia ranked 4th among 200 countries in environmental pollution discharges (Adelaide, Singapore and Princeton University, 2010).

4 Overview of the Project Objectives Identifying and mapping the environmentally vulnerable areas in Jakarta Bay and Thousand Islands including the adverse impacts of climate change in order to save people s lives and properties through proper management plan Hazard identification and environmental vulnerability assessment Project Mapping the vulnerable areas A comprehensive plan for risk ma nagement including adaptation to climate change

5 AHP Vulnerability Assesment Indicator value x indicator ratio Elevation re Slope of Elevati on rsl Land Use Population Dens ity rlu rp D SUM Map of Vulne rability Infrastructure rin GIS Overlay Vulnerability Indicator Vulnerability Indicator ratio ( result of AHP process )

6 Vulnerability Assesment Elevation Assume: Maximum elevation affected by sea level rise is 5 m Elevation is then normalized by 5 m Slope of Elevation Slope of elevation is normalized by 25% in interval [0-25%] Land Use Population Density Population Density normalized by 250 person/ha (i.e., 90% cumulative probability) Slum Area Slum Area is normalized by 50% (i.e., 90% cumulative probability of slum houses in each village) Infrastructure Vulnerability

7 Elevation

8 Slope

9 Land use Land Use Type Value Water Body 0 Forest 0 Swamp 0 Wasteland 0.2 Driland agriculture 0.4 Rice field 0.6 Fishpond 0.8 Urband area and building 1

10 Land use

11 Population Density

12 Slum Area

13 Infrastructure Vulnerability Function of roads Vulnerability value Arterial road 3 x road lenght each grid Highway 3 x road lenght each grid Railroad 3 x road lenght each grid Collector Road 2 x road lenght each grid Local road 1 x road lenght each grid Grid value Sum of vulnerability values in a grid Note : grid size is 100 m x 100 m grid value is normalized by 255 (CDF 90 %)

14 Infrastructure Vulnerability

15 Map of Coastal Vulnerability Indicator Ratios as Result of Pairwise Comparison Method (by AHP) Indicator ratio Land use 0.28 Population Densi ty 0.28 Road 0.19 Elevation 0.13 Slope of Elevatio n 0.08 Slum House 0.04

16 Map of Coastal Vulnerability

17 Conclusions Vulnerable Areas North Jakarta area Esp. Muara Angke and Anchol area Major Sources of Vulnerability Land subsidence due to over extraction of groundwater Poor drainage due to garbage clogging Lack of sewage collection and treatment Un-planned urban development Reclamation

18 Recommendations Immediate government interventions for reducing vulnerability in Jakarta Bay: Action against land subsidence (for example, water supply management in order to reduce groundwater extraction) Garbage collection and disposal system Improving drainage of flood water Building sewage collection and treatment system Improving environmental conditions of Jakarta area Reduce or stop reclamation Protection of habitat and prevention of land subsidence

19 Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation