the International Network to Promote Safe Household Water Treatment and Storage

Transcription

1 the International Network to Promote Safe Household Water Treatment and Storage Washington, DC 5 June 2003 Dr Jamie Bartram Water, Sanitation and Health World Health Organization

2 the International Network to Promote Safe Household Water Treatment and Storage The bad news: 1.1 billion people lack access to improved water sources 4.5% of the Global Burden of Disease due to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene related disease Diarrhoeal diseases kill an estimated 2.2 million people each year, the vast majority children under five 13 million suffer from chronic fluorosis in China alone million exposed to arsenic in Bangladesh alone

3 the International Network to Promote Safe Household Water Treatment and Storage Water and health are fundamental human rights The MDGs: reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water improving lives of 100 million slum dwellers Two ways to get there: extend access to water ensure safe water highest health gains among the unserved

4 the International Network to Promote Safe Household Water Treatment and Storage Improving water, hygiene and sanitation reduces diarrhoeal disease by 26% Household water treatment and storage proved to: improve microbial quality reduce risk of diarrhoeal disease be cost-effective

5 the International Network to Promote Safe Household Water Treatment and Storage Different actors common goal Academic institution, Susan Murcott International organization, Mauricio Pardon Private sector, Greg Allgood NGO, Sally Cowal

6 the International Network to Promote Safe Household Water Treatment and Storage Washington, DC 5 June 2003 Susan Murcott

7 for 1 Billion People! MIT Household Treatment Projects in Developing Countries Susan Murcott Mass. Institute of Technology Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 7

8 Since 1998, about 50 MIT Master of Engineering students have done thesis projects on a wide range of household water treatment and sanitation solutions in 4 developing countries: Nepal, Nicaragua, Haiti, Brazil 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 8

9 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 9

10 Brazil Municipal Wastewater Projects Tatui Riviera Alfenas Paraty 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 10

11 2. Butwal Everywhere 3. Kathmandu 1. Lumbini 4. Parasi 5. Trekking 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 11

12 Our Group Put group photo here 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 12

13 Nicaragua San Francisco Libre Matagalpa Managua 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 13

14 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 14

15 Haiti Port au Prince Dumay Les Palmes Bas Limbes Ferrier Matagalpa 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 15

16 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 16

17 Research and Implementation Areas (1) Methodology Evaluations (2) Site Investigation (water quality testing for microbiological contamination and arsenic) (3) Existing Technology Evaluations (4) Novel Technology Innovation (5) Pilot programs (CDC-Safe Water 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and System, CAWST Healthy biosand, Environments (SDE) monitoring 17

18 Existing Technology Evaluation 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 18

19 Household Drinking Water Treatment Coagulation Filtration Disinfection 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 19

20 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 20

21 We have looked at what household practices and systems exist in developing and industrialized country marketplaces and homes 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 21

22 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 22

23 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 23

24 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 24

25 BioSand Water Filter 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 25

26 Hong Phuc Candle Filter Vietnam This system exterior is an exact imitation of the Katadyn filter. The candles are not of the same high quality. However, it only only costs $5.00 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 26

27 Katadyn ( Ceradyn ) Ceramic Filter from Switzerland.. 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 27

28 Terafil Filter 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 28

29 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 29

30 The CDC Safe Water System Approach Safe Water Storage in plastic containers with narrow mouths, secure lids and dispensing spigots to prevent recontamination. Point-of-Use Treatment using locally produced and distributed sodium hypochlorite solution. Education: Influence hygiene behaviors and increase awareness about the dangers of contaminated water and waterborne disease. 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 30

31 Chlorine Disinfection Type of Chlorine:: NaOHCl 2 or CaOHCl2. 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 31

32 Chlorine Generator * 113 g available Cl/h * 0.8% chlorine * 5.5 kw / kg chlorine * 4.1 kg, 18 X 100 cm * 2 year warranty * $2000 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 32

33 Household Chlorination Pilot Study (1/2001 1/2002) GOALS Provide Safe Water to a portion of the Lumbini population Test the acceptance of household chlorination in Nepal Based on CDC Safe Water Systems 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 33

34 Technology Innovation 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 34

35 Ceramic Disk Filter (the Lily Filter ) 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 35

36 Our Prototype Ceramic Disk Filter The CeraMIT team has come up with a terracotta clay filter disk system for treating drinking water. 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 36

37 Filter Manufacturing Process * Prepare raw materials. * Mix by hand or in mixer * Press in mold or filter press * Dry (5-7 days). * Fire (1000 C). * Cement into ceramic/metal containers. * Dry (2 days). 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 37

38 Lily Filter We have also come up with a prototype of a plastic filter system to contain a ceramic disk. This system allows the user to remove the centerpiece disk easily, for cleaning or replacement. We call it the Lily filter because it was designed by Mech.Eng. student Lily Cheung 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) Courtesy of Lily Cheung 38

39 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 39

40 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 40

41 Arsenic Biosand Filter (the Tommy Filter ) 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 41

42 The Tommy Arsenic Biosand Filter. Here s Tommy installing his filter 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 42

43 Tommy doing experiment Concept: An arsenic filter combined with a microbiological filter Theory: Arsenic removed by adsorption to iron nails Bacteria removed by sand filtration and biological activities 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 43

44 4/9/2009 Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments (SDE) 44

45 THE EXPERIENCE OF CEPIS IN HOUSE HOLD WATER TREATMENT AND STORAGE Mauricio Pardón CEPIS Director - Pan American Center of Sanitary Engineering and Environmental Sciences- Pan American Health Organization WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

46 Identification and test of technical options

47 Project The development of the project was based on: A Technical support and a Social support from CEPIS An on-site structure provided by CBOs (NGOs, Churches, etc) The Ministry of Health thru sanitary agents and the local clinics and hospitals The community thru its local institutions

48 Results PERU Regions Systems Communities Population ,000

49 Costs Implementation costs (Cost in US$ / Family) Electrolysis (electric) Electrolysis (solar panels) Family Filters $ 34 $ 55 $ 54 Operation costs (Cost in US$ / Bottle of NaOCl produced) Average for the Project $ 0.16

50 Dissemination and Advocacy

51 Safe household water treatment and storage

52 Greg Allgood, PhD Associate Director P & G Health Sciences Institute

53 Private Sector Participation Committed to Network Need success models Partnerships essential

54 Network Benefits Advocacy - Evian Conference Communication - Shared Barriers

55 Network Benefits (cont d) Research - Measured Disease Reduction Implementation - Emergency water for Iraq

56 the International Network to Promote Safe Household Water Treatment and Storage Washington, DC 5 June 2003 Dr Sally Cowal

57 How do you deliver a lifesaving technology to lowincome people?

58 One Effective Model Social Marketing Makes the safe water system available at locations convenient to economically disadvantaged people Gives it a brand name Uses communication to educate and motivate use

59 Available in Low-Income Settings

60 Branding

61 Communication

62 Partners Research and Development CDC WHO/PAHO University of North Carolina Public Sector Implementors UNICEF CARE Catholic Relief Services Emory University Adventist Development & Research Agency Governments Ministries of Water & Sanitation Donors USAID Ministries of Health Political Leadership DFID Dutch Government Influential Intermediaries Medical Associations Private Sector Implementors Professional Associations Local manufacturers Schools Wholesalers Retailers

63 Introductions Zambia Tanzania Malawi Kenya Madagascar Rwanda Afghanistan India Laos Pakistan Nepal Uganda Ecuador Peru Haiti

64 Zambia Zambia: Product Sales ,200,000 1,000,000 1,031,018 1,107,168 Sales (units) 800, , , , , , ,

65 Disinfection of water at the point of use is consistently the most cost-effective intervention The United Nations World Water Development Report,

66 Cost Effective One bottle treats 1000 liters Enough drinking water for a family of 6 for a month Costs around 30 cents A fraction of a cent per person per day

67 Thank You

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70 the International Network to Promote Safe Household Water Treatment and Storage Washington, DC 5 June 2003

71 the International Network to Promote Safe Household Water Treatment and Storage How do we get the benefits to and improve the life of the most affected? How do we accelerate the health gains of watsan interventions?

72 the International Network to Promote Safe Household Water Treatment and Storage Network Mission: to help achieving a significant reduction in waterborne disease especially among the most vulnerable people by promoting safe household water treatment and storage

73 the International Network to Promote Safe Household Water Treatment and Storage Professional networks the most affected Private sector NGOs Network Members Donors Academic institutions Financial institutions IOs

74 the International Network to Promote Safe Household Water Treatment and Storage Follow-up meet concrete actions: To get news out to test and confirm effectiveness to increase work on the ground to get onto the policy agenda