THE IMPACT OF CULTURE

Transcription

1 THE IMPACT OF CULTURE on management and leading styles, working and thinking styles, learning and teaching styles Seminar: The training of cross-cultural competence and skills Lecturer: Prof. Dr. Beneke Students: Anke Boettcher, Kathrin Pinker

2 1. Introduction 2. Attitudes towards culture 3. National culture 4. Corporate culture 5. Different business areas 6. Conclusion The impact of culture 09/15/2015 2

3 technology leadership negotiation creativity feedback time rewards labels science machines hierarchies The impact of culture 09/15/2015 3

4 Attitudes towards culture Parochialism our way is the only way Cultural Blindness - People do not recognize cultural differences in order to be just and to treat everybody equally. Ethocentrism our way is the best way Synergy Cultural diversity is recognized and can lead to both advantages and disadvantages. The impact of culture 09/15/2015 4

5 Synergy Cultural diversity key ressource Managing the impact of diversity rather than ignoring the diversity Result is more than the sum of the single contributions Advantages: more flexible, creative and open to new ideas The impact of culture 09/15/2015 5

6 Synergy Culturally synergistic Problem Solving 1. Recognition of the problem 2. Analysis from different perspectives 3. Solution appropriate for all cultures The impact of culture 09/15/2015 6

7 1. Introduction 2. Attitudes towards culture 3. National culture 4. Corporate culture 5. Different business areas 6. Conclusion The impact of culture 09/15/2015 7

8 First example: Management by objectives (employer and employee decide together on an objective, which the employee has to achieve within a certain time. After that period of time the result is evaluated.) Crucial dimensions are: Power distance Individualism Relation to nature The impact of culture 09/15/2015 8

9 Second example: Feedback Crucial dimensions: Individualism (losing face) Relation to nature Communication style The impact of culture 09/15/2015 9

10 1. Introduction 2. Attitudes towards culture 3. National culture 4. Corporate culture Family culture Eiffel Tower culture Guided Missile culture Incubator culture 5. Different business areas 6. Conclusion The impact of culture 09/15/

11 The Family Culture Person-oriented Hierarchical: father-children relationship Ascribed status Culture clusters: Greece, Italy, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, other nations which industrialized late and smaller companies The impact of culture 09/15/

12 The Eiffel Tower Culture Hierarchies Ascribed status to a role and not to a person Task-oriented Personal relationships are not desired Culture clusters: Austria and Germany The impact of culture 09/15/

13 The Guided Missile Culture Egalitarian Task-oriented Status is achieved Individualistic Culture clusters: USA, Norway, Ireland The impact of culture 09/15/

14 The Incubator Culture Person-oriented Egalitarian Minimal hierarchies and structure Creative and spontaneous Leadership is achieved Culture Clusters: Sweden,USA (Silicon Valley), UK (Silicon Glen) and smaller companies The impact of culture 09/15/

15 1. Introduction 2. Attitudes towards culture 3. National culture 4. Corporate culture 5. Different business areas Leadership Motivation Decision making Example Japan 6. Conclusion The impact of culture 09/15/

16 Leadership McGregor (1957) Theory X people are basically lazy, dislike work tight control system Theory Y people are trustworthy, enjoy work are given autonomy and responsibility The impact of culture 09/15/

17 Leadership William Ouchi (1982) Theory Z based on Japanese management lifetime employment, concern for the total person close and trusting relationships to improve productivity The impact of culture 09/15/

18 Motivation Abraham Maslow (1954) Hierarchy of needs Physiological, safety, social, esteem and selfactualization needs The impact of culture 09/15/

19 Motivation David McClelland (1961) Achievement Theory Achievement, power and affiliation Victor Vroom (1964) Expectancy Theory People estimate their ability to perform a task and the probable type of reward The impact of culture 09/15/

20 Motivation Theories Abraham Maslow (1954) Hierarchy of needs Physiological, safety, social, esteem and selfactualization needs David McClelland (1961) Achievement Theory Achievement, power and affiliation Victor Vroom (1964) Expectancy Theory People estimate their ability to perform a task and the probable type of reward The impact of culture 09/15/

21 Decision making 1. Problem recognition 2. Information research 3. Construction of alternatives 4. Choice 5. Implementation The impact of culture 09/15/

22 Product-design for Japan Prefer quality and are willing to pay premium prices Different taste: less sugar and salt Smaller servings Different body shape The impact of culture 09/15/

23 Japanese television advertising Length: 15 seconds or less Mood advertising - non-verbally or with few words - emotion, humour, shock - good first impression The impact of culture 09/15/

24 Conclusions Culture has a very important impact on business, but not everything can be explained by it Other influences: individual character, situation, legal system etc. The impact of culture 09/15/

25 Literature Adler, Nancy (1991), International Dimensions of Organizational Behaviour, 2nd ed., Belmont: Wadsworth Henderson, George/Spigner-Littles, Dorscine (1996), A practitioner s guide to understanding indigenous and foreign cultures, 2nd ed., Springfield: Thomas Books Trompenaars, Fons (1998), Riding the ways of cultures, 2nd ed., New York et al: McGraw-Hill March, Robert (1990), Honoring the customer. Marketing and selling to the Japanese, New York et al: Wiley and Sons Beneke, Jürgen (2000),Orientation Matrix, University of Hildesheim The impact of culture 09/15/

26 Literature Hofstede, Geert (1997), Cultures and Organizations, New York et al.: McGraw-Hill Knapp, Karlfried et al. (eds.)(1999), Meeting the Intercultural Challenge, Sternenfels: Verlag Wissenschaft und Praxis The impact of culture 09/15/