THE CENTRAL ASIA -- SOUTH ELECTRICITY TRADE PROJECT (CASA-1000) ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR)

Transcription

1 THE CENTRAL ASIA -- SOUTH ELECTRICITY TRADE PROJECT (CASA-1000) ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1. Afghanistan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Pakistan and Tajikistan have been pursuing the development of electricity trading arrangements and the establishment of a Central Asia - South Asia Regional Electricity Market (CASAREM). These four countries have intensified their cooperation since 2005 among themselves and with the International Financial Institutions (IFIs) comprising the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) and the World Bank (WB). 2. The initiative to develop the regional market is based on the following considerations: Expectations that sufficient quantities of surplus electricity are available in the Central Asian countries (the Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan); Significant need for electricity imports in South Asia to meet existing and projected demand; Differences in the cost of electricity between the importing and exporting countries that potentially provide a justifiable rationale to make transmission investments in order to support the electricity trade; and The expectation that the establishment of the transmission interconnection and the trading mechanisms would attract future private sector investment to enhance the electricity trade in the entire region. 3. One of the key components of this initiative is the proposed development of a cross-border transmission interconnection linking the four countries to facilitate the transfer of surplus power that would be made available in the Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan, to Pakistan and Afghanistan. 4. In order to examine the possibility of regional electricity trade, the four countries together with the experts from the Asian Development Bank and World Bank first met in Islamabad in May Subsequent meetings to further explore the potential of regional cooperation in electricity trade were held in Istanbul and Dushanbe in June 2006 and October 2006 respectively. A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed in Dushanbe that commits the countries to pursue the feasibility of the transmission interconnection and trading of electricity with the concomitant institutional and legal framework. 5. As a result of various meetings, it was established that the proposed transmission line project would be a dedicated link essentially aimed at supplying surplus power from the Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan to Pakistan and Afghanistan. The development of the first phase of CASAREM, which is to establish the necessary transmission and trading infrastructure and systems to enable a trade of 1000 to 1300 MW of electricity between Central Asia and South Asia, is referred to as CASA It is envisaged that the major share of the export will be used by Pakistan, while a relatively smaller quantity of power (up to 300 MW) will be imported by Afghanistan. Pakistan also expressed interest in increasing imports over the medium to long term. 6. Based on the above broad guidelines, it was decided to undertake a feasibility study of the transmission interconnection project. Terms of Reference (TOR) were prepared for the feasibility

2 study and for the commercial assessment of the Project, which were later on endorsed by the countries through a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). 7. The feasibility study was financed by the Asian Development Bank and was competitively awarded to SNC Lavalin of Canada. The study was to be carried out in two phases, with Phase 1 covering a pre-feasibility assessment of the technical and economic viability of the transmission interconnection, and Phase 2 providing the detailed feasibility analysis of the project. 8. Phase 1 of the study commenced in April 2007 and the inception report was submitted in May The initial draft of the Phase 1 pre-feasibility report was submitted in July 2007 and a review meeting involving all the participating countries, IFIs and consultants took place in Montreal in August Based on the decisions taken during the Montreal meeting, a revised draft of the Phase 1 report was submitted in September A meeting to review the findings of the Phase 1 pre-feasibility report took place in Kabul in November During this meeting, a decision was taken by the countries to proceed with the project, and a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed by the countries, providing a commitment to cooperate and facilitate the implementation of the project. Subsequent to the Kabul meeting, the Phase 1 report was completed in December 2007 and the Phase 2 component was initiated. 10. The Draft Phase 2 report was initially prepared in July 2008 and was discussed during a meeting in Islamabad in August Based on the outcome of the discussions in the Islamabad meeting, SNC- Lavalin was asked to carry out additional work. Subsequently, a revised Draft Final Phase 2 report was prepared and submitted in October 2008, and the Final Phase 2 Report was submitted in January However, ADB s decision to suspend its involvement in the project in early 2009 resulted in residual reservations about the report not being addressed. 11. The World Bank was approached in mid 2009 for support by the CASAREM governments, to continue and complete the Phase 2 feasibility study, and undertook to assist the governments with the required economic analysis and establishment of the existence of sufficient surplus power (taking into account domestic demand growth in the exporting countries), to justify construction of a transmission line with estimated cost of $900m. The surplus power is available only in the summer months; in winter both Tajikistan and Kyrgyz Republic suffer energy shortages and cannot meet their own demands for heating. It was widely agreed that the most efficient route to satisfactory completion of the study would be for the World Bank to hire SNC Lavalin, but negotiation of this sole-source approval (noting that SNC had previously been competitively selected by ADB), as well as finalization of the terms of reference for the SNC study, took several months. Finally, an acceptable technical and financial proposal was received from SNC Lavalin in February 2010, and the contract became effective at the beginning of April The CASAREM governments have formed an Inter-Governmental Council (IGC) which is based in Kabul, but which has struggled to be adequately resourced during the hiatus that followed ADB s withdrawal from the project, and the World Bank s re-engagement of SNC Lavalin. The Director of IGC, a Pakistani national with extensive experience in transmission, has remained in place throughout. IGC is the client for the feasibility study, as the initial feasibility work is meant to be undertaken by the four governments as a prelude to seeking financing from IFIs, multilaterals and bilaterals. Because IGC does not have adequate resources to commission the study by a credible consulting firm that is competitively procured, the four governments have previously asked ADB and now the World Bank, to assist them with the cost of the study and also with management of the up-front process of contracting SNC Lavalin (the Consultant would not have agreed to the task if it were not being

3 directly paid by ADB or the World Bank, but were instead to be paid by IGC). The completion of the Technical and Economic aspects of the Phase 2 feasibility study is now underway, as SNC Lavalin has started work, and is expected to deliver its findings by September In the pre-feasibility study, and also the earlier version of the feasibility study, SNC Lavalin had undertaken some preliminary environmental and social assessments as part of their Terms of Reference. However, in the meantime, the World Bank practice requires that in a World Bank funded project, the engineering consultant may not at the same time be responsible for environmental and social studies. The environmental and social studies must be conducted by an entirely separate consultant, who must, however, remain well coordinated with the engineering consultant in order to make sure that both studies pertain to the same project. The environmental and social assessments are an integral part of the upfront feasibility work that must be presented to potential financiers of the project. The findings on social and environmental safeguards and required mitigation actions, are critical for estimating overall project cost. 14. The World Bank, on behalf of the IGC, is responsible for competitive contracting of the Consultant, according to its procurement policies and procedures, and for managing the consultancy until the output is delivered to the IGC. It is anticipated that the IGC will then review the results of the technical-economic feasibility study in conjunction with the environmental and social study, and if the conclusions are favorable, it will approach the World Bank, the Islamic Development Bank (which has expressed interest in funding CASA), and other possible sources of funding, to raise the estimated $900m required for construction and commissioning of the transmission line. OBJECTIVES OF THE CONSULTANCY 15. The Environmental and Social (Safeguards) Assessment will identify impacts and measures to minimize, mitigate and monitor them. The aim is to prepare Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMP) in each country that can be used by the respective governments for this project as well as other future projects requiring right of way to construct electric power infrastructure. The ESMPs would provide a planning framework as detailed as current engineering design status will permit. In addition the ESMPs will be used as templates for the safeguards provisions for contractual arrangements for detailed design and construction of the transmission line (TL), and subsequent, more detailed environmental and social management plans to be prepared during project implementation. The Consultant will carry out the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) in accordance with the following World Bank Safeguard policies: SCOPE OF WORK Environmental Assessment (OP / BP / GP 4.01) Natural Habitats (OP / BP 4.04) Cultural Property (OP/BP 4.11) Involuntary Resettlement (OP / BP / 4.12) Forests (OP / BP 4.36) Task 1: Screening and Scoping - Project Inception 16. Under the TOR the Consultant will examine the studies already carried out or commenced during the pre-feasibility phase (Phase 1) on environmental and social safeguards, technical and economic aspects of the project. Since Phase 1 studies were not completed, comments by the World Bank on an

4 earlier draft version of the safeguards documents remained unaddressed. In view of this, the screening and scoping activities will include the following: Review of existing information, including the TOR for Phase 1 environmental and social assessments and the techno-economic feasibility study (TEFS) Compilation and assessment of the quality of all information sources relevant to the ESIA including satellite and aerial imagery. Review of comments by the World Bank and other IFIs on draft versions of earlier studies,, especially the Environmental and Social Assessment Reports prepared by SNC Lavalin. Identification of any major gaps in existing documentation against requirements of the original TOR, as well as the pre feasibility studies delivered by SNC Lavilin and identify any gaps that need to be addressed and which may not be covered by the current TOR. Formulation of a work program and content, and agreement with the World Bank on finalized Phase 2 safeguards studies. Coordination, with work being carried out in parallel on a techno-economic feasibility study. Review of the adequacy of the analysis of alternatives carried out during the pre-feasibility stage for potential environmental and social impacts. Provision of confirmation that the proposed alignments (or sections thereof) are adequate and justifiable, or recommend and justify alternative alignments (or sections), where not yet developed by the engineering and when deemed advisable and justified by significant positive environmental and social effects. Analysis of options for TL routing and construction with respect to environmental and social criteria, proposal of additional investigations if needed for options analysis, and of detailed investigation and data acquisition program for the proposed option, once a selection has been made. Prepare justification of options selection and provide decision support to the Client for optimization of the engineering planning process. Review the applicable laws, policies and procedures of the cooperating Governments and identify gaps and deviations from the World Bank s safeguards policies. It should be noted that country specific environmental and social standards should be taken into account where concordant with World Bank procedure. The overall guiding principle will be World Bank safeguards policies. In case of deviation between country specific legislation and Bank policies, the more stringent of the standards shall prevail. 17. The original TOR for the Phase 1 (Pre-feasibility Study Environment and Social Assessment) is attached in Annex 2.. Outputs from Task Based on an initial assessment of the existing reports and planned activities, the Consultant will prepare an inception report. This report will: (i) assess the overall quality of the analysis in the existing report; (ii) assess proposed alternatives and recommendation for the final alignment; (iii) assess the need for any remaining additional data on social and environment aspects that will be needed to fill the gaps in the existing analysis;; (iv) recommend further project activities (to be carried out in Phase 2) needed to ensure proper environmental and social due diligence; (v) assess issues regarding the project s compliance with The World Bank s Safeguard Policies; (vi) include a preliminary outline of the ESIA report for the project identify all issues, sources of information available, and any gaps that need to be filled; and (vii) propose a schedule for the finalization of the ESIA and ESMP reports and other outputs as required in this ToR according to the expected project preparation and appraisal schedule.

5 19. The outline will follow the requirements of the law of each country as well as the Bank s Environmental Assessment Policy. The proposed outline and schedule for ESIA report will be reviewed and approved by each country. Task 2: Environmental and Social Studies for Phase It is anticipated that after the inception phase and the finalization of the work program, the Consultant will as a minimum perform the tasks listed below. Additional information on the World Bank s specific requirements for safeguards studies can be found in Annex 1. A sample list of typical environmental issues is attached as Annex 3. It may be that findings from the inception phase yield requirements for qualitative adjustment of some tasks, while the overall volume of works is expected to remain more or less constant. (a) Prepare a Detailed Environmental and Social Assessment for the selected transmission line corridor and associated facilities in accordance with the World Bank s policies and guidelines and applicable procedures or guidelines for environmental assessment and social assessment required by the cooperating Governments. This would be done for the entire corridor and include a detailed evaluation of cumulative impacts from both direct and indirect developments resulting from the proposed project and linked facilities.refine the alignment routing of the chosen corridor for specific sections of the transmission route to avoid or mitigate impacts to biological resources, settlements and/or cultural heritage. Develop environmental and social criteria and design guidance for the placement of tower foundations, appurtenant structures, temporary and permanent access, haulage and construction roads, borrow areas, appurtenant structures and construction site installations (camps, workshops, lay down areas). (b) Undertake, based on existing information and in cooperation with local authorities, a desk and if possible, field based survey of archaeological, historical and sacred sites, including graveyards and burials, along the proposed transmission line corridor and at sites proposed for related structures and facilities. Provisions will also be made for the use of chance find procedures to address the management of cultural materials that may be discovered during the course of construction activities. (c) Prepare Environmental and Social Mapping of the entire Corridor. The Consultant will prepare environmental and social thematic alignment maps for the entire corridor. These maps will be in a scale of sufficient resolution to identify all environmental and social features which may be relevant for design and environmental and social management. Depending on the density of such features the scale may vary between 1:50,000 and 1:10,000, with inlays and enlargements with scales from 1:5,000 to 1:500. The mapping would be based on existing data, aerial photographs and satellite images, and selected field visits for verification wherever possible, The Consultant is encouraged to make use of cutting edge remote sensing, analytical and modeling techniques, with field visits mainly used for calibration and verification purposes. It should be noted that significant parts of the corridor may be inaccessible due to the security situation, including insurgent activity or landmines. These alignment maps will cover the following: Identify physical, environmental, and social issues along the line corridor. Each issue will be identified by chainage (km) or section along the alignment, identifying mitigation measures, the instrument where it will be included (design, resettlement plan, construction, bidding documents, etc.), and the agency responsible for implementation Alignment sheets will be presented in maps at appropriate scales (both profile and overhead), and schematic summary tables..issues to be recorded in this manner include:

6 Areas of special safety concern ( including land mines) and Accessibility constraints Areas prone to erosion and land degradation Surface drainage patterns, stream crossings, bridges (for construction or service roads) Existing land use, economic activities, land tenure types along the route, areas of direct and indirect effects on houses and businesses, cultivated lands, orchards Geotechnical issues: Slope stability, major earth cuts, high gradients and geologically unstable areas Community infrastructure (water supply, irrigation, generators, etc.) Common property resources (being used jointly by community members) Scenic areas and natural monumentsareas with cultural resources (tombs, ancient dikes, walls, canals and water ducts etc.) Vegetation along the route, including clearing that may be required, rare species or habitats Wildlife and birds migration areas Location of towns, villages Location of main highways, secondary roads, and local roads Administrative boundaries (province, municipality, country) Location of main public services used by affected communities such as hospitals, schools, police stations, religious institutions etc. (d) Assess specific environmental and social factors and criteria for the placement of transmission lines, substations, and related structures and facilities, both temporary and permanent. Develop clear requirements and design guidance/criteria for access roads and bridges taking into account the likely impacts associated with their location and design. Study the use of foot bridges, cattle crossings and other access roads that may be affected and suggest locations for new ones to ensure that no community s access is cut off from major services such as schools, markets, hospitals etc. (e) Assess environmental impacts of construction activities, including locations of construction camps and borrow areas, and induced social impacts, such as migration of job-seekers and labour to construction areas. Provisions should be made for adequate health and safety standards to be used for the project. A plan for participation of local labor will be required to assure equity in opportunities for local populations. (f) If it is not feasible to avoid routing of the proposed transmission components through protected areas or areas characterized by critical natural habitats, propose compensatory environmental offsets and management measures and determine the regulatory procedures and protection measures needed to obtain environmental and forestry clearance from the relevant national and provincial government agencies.. (g) Provide a profile of the communities likely to be affected by land acquisition of the proposed project and corridor. This covers communities who may need to be relocated as well as those who may be partially affected through loss of access to private or public resources. This should include a description of their socio-economic profile, sources of livelihood, access to basic services, social stratification and interactions between these groups. Specific mention should be made of families where more than 50% of their asset base is affected. Specific analyses must be made to identify affected sub-groups who are more vulnerable (economically, through social discrimination or by nature of being widows, orphans, youth etc.). There needs to be detailed discussion on the nature of the vulnerability for each such identified group and measures proposed within the project to address these. This analysis needs a large component of qualitative analysis with use of participant observation techniques. It is recommended that the Consultant use the Social Analysis Sourcebook of the World Bank and in addition refer to the section on

7 social issues that are specific to this sector. This analysis should be adequate to serve as a baseline for the project. (h) Review the environmental management capability of management units of the utility companies as well as environmental and land management authorities, and recommend institutional strengthening measures. (i) Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP). Based on the assessment of environmental and social impacts and analysis of mitigation measures, prepare an environmental and social management plan (ESMP) to that includes project specific mitigation and monitoring measures corresponding to the current design level of a feasibility study. Recommend general environmental and social mitigation measures for identified impacts as well as management and monitoring plans to address them 1. Assess the environmental benefits of the proposed activities and any capacity-strengthening measures that may be needed in advance to assure effective implementation of environmental management and monitoring plans. (j) The purpose of the ESMP is to give clear, unambiguous guidance to Contractors and other future parties involved in the project how to incorporate environmental and social due diligence issues. The ESMP will become part of design, construction or design and build (D&B) contracts. Part of the ESMP will be a monitoring and supervision plan to ensure that the provisions are fully implemented (see Compliance Framework below). (k) Ensure that mitigation measures include realistic cost estimates and schedules for their implementation, which can be factored into budgeting and project planning. The ESMP should provide specific guidance for the incorporation of these measures into the construction contracts and for their oversight by appropriate parties. (l) The ESMP will include the items listed below. The level of detail of ESMP contents will correspond to the feasibility study stage (FS) of engineering design, meaning that (i) the corridor will be defined, but not (all) specific locations of physical works and structures; (ii) layout and dimensions of works and structures will be generally defined, but will be finalized only during implementation; (iii) design, quantities and cost estimates will have an accuracy of + / - 15% and finalized only during implementation; (iv) the duration and sequence of implementation activities will, after completion of the FS, have an accuracy around + / - 15%. Guidance on environmental and social due diligence for implementation, including specifications for contractors, detailed description of all activities, necessary arrangements and costs for all mitigation measures. Guidance for project design and procedures to be included in the Project Implementation Plan that ensures social issues identified such as vulnerable groups, impact of in migration labour, etc. are taken into consideration. This includes appropriate monitoring indicators, composition of decision making bodies, identify role of community representatives etc. A technically detailed description of each mitigation measure including: (i) the type of impact to which it relates; (ii) the conditions under which it is required (for example, on a continuous basis for contingencies); and (iii) its design and equipment needs. A preliminary timetable (chronogram) of planned activities, which should be synchronized with the implementation sequence laid out in the FS. Important benchmarks in the schedule of the ESMP should include (i) the mobilization of contractors and programmed staffing period of the workers camp; (ii) the initiation rehabilitation and construction of any access 1 At this time the exact locations and dimensions of all impacts may not yet be known, as the feasibility level design will still be rather generic. Updated EMPs with specific geo referenced activities will have to be produced (likely by the Contractors) during the initial stages of project implementation.

8 roads; (iii) the initiation of the construction of towers; (iv) cable stringing activities; (iv) clean up and decommissioning of construction activities; and (v) the initiation of the operation of the line.. An approximate budget of all necessary investment and recurrent costs, including how the Plan would be fully financed. A clear definition of institutional responsibilities (all levels of government, national, provincial, local for the implementation of each mitigation measure including (i) operation; (ii) supervision; (iii) enforcement; and (iv) monitoring. An estimate of the time (in staff weeks per year), technical qualifications, and training needs of the environmental and social staff required in the Project Management Units (or Project Implementation Boards) and other agencies for an effective implementation of the Plan. An analysis of the institutional capacity of all agencies that will participate in the ESMP and monitoring plans, including costs and sources of financing to build that capacity. (m) Involuntary Resettlement and Land Acquisition Framework. The World Bank safeguard policies ensure that the project is responsible to restore livelihoods for all people losing access to livelihood or assets as a result of project activities. A country specific Resettlement Action Plan is expected to be developed to identify all affected persons, categories of asset loss and to recommend compensation and development measures to ensure that livelihood's are restored to levels above the poverty line. However, such RAPs cannot be finalized prior to finalization of project design and location details. Hence at this stage, the consultant is expected to collect information to the extent possible to inform the preparation of a framework to be applied in more detailed phases of the project. An outline of such a framework is attached in Annex 5. The expected outputs in this regard are: The social analysis in this consultancy is expected, to the extent possible, to identify households that will be impacted by land acquisition, thereby loosing access to physical assets, access to services or access to common property resources. Where project details of location and design are known, these assessments are expected to be detailed. Where project details are not yet confirmed, an estimation of impacts is adequate. This consultancy will also review the land acquisition and compensation laws of the countries with the World Bank guideline and compile a set of guiding policies to be used in this project. These guidelines will assume that the more stringent laws (between National and World Bank) will prevail. Develop an entitlement matrix for each country providing a description of different categories of people that may be affected and define criteria to be used in identifying who is eligible for compensation for each category of people affected. (e.g. landlord, share cropper, encroacher.). Define the methodology by which assets will be valued and eligibility criteria for compensation (e.g. mud house, types of trees, loss of access to school, common property resources.) and identify the organization and procedures for delivery of compensation. It is important to ensure that the resettlement package is framed within a development context which ensures restoration of livelihoods viewed in a wholistic manner. It means that the measures need to go beyond simple compensation to look at issues of access to basic services, etc. Where direct compensation is not feasible as in the loss of common property, burial site etc. alternative development measures should be recommended. Identify appropriate grievance channels for each country which provides a simple and efficient way for affected people to voice complaint and the grievance redress mechanisms. Identify for each country the bodies that the Consultant deems the most appropriate to handle the different aspects of implementing the RAP.

9 Outputs from Task 2 Identify for each country a set of compensation rates and measures using the standards outlined in the World Bank OP and specific to the asset range being affected. Identify and specify the criteria to target groups as vulnerable in the context of resettlement and identify specific measures for such groups. A description of the implementation process, linking resettlement implementation to civil works; Arrangements for monitoring by the implementing agency and by independent monitors. Identify indicators to monitor that the resettlement package has delivered on restoration of livelihoods. 21. The purpose of the Task 2 outputs are to (i) contribute relevant information to the designers to improve the environmental and social quality and performance of the project, and (ii) to provide guidance for environmental and social management further downstream in project implementation, concretely for the specific ESMPs to be prepared by the Contractors, Specifically, the expected outputs from task 2 are: The ESIA and ESMP reports as described above, including the environmental and social mapping of the entire corridor. An ESMP Compliance Framework including: (i) Terms of reference, procedures, reporting requirements for environmental supervision of line construction; (ii) penalties for non-compliance; (ii) approval processes for decisions on access roads, final tower siting, and camp siting, during construction.; (iv) comprehensive checklists for the verification of compliance of environmental specifications by contractors and checklists for the reception of final works by participating countries; and (v) a Conflict Resolution mechanism for conflicts with communities stemming from construction activities (not resettlement or land acquisition conflicts). Environmental and Social Specifications for Construction. All mitigation measures for direct impacts (erosion control, embankment and slope stability, drainage, access roads, tower emplacement, impacts of existing social services) should be incorporated into project design and will be included in project costs. In addition, all the environmental requirements for line construction will be incorporated in an environmental annex which will be part of bidding documents. The Consultants will identify and propose environmental and social mitigation measures that are necessary to mitigate the impacts and nuisances from line construction activities and that are common in construction of new transmission lines. This also includes negative impacts resulting from the influx of labor (HIV, pressure on services etc.). The proposed mitigation measures should be described in easily understandable terms, identifying best practices, timing for implementation (before, during, after construction) and illustrated with sketches, diagrams, and pictures as necessary. The measures should be standardized in such a way to allow their application to the entire line. These specifications will establish specific rules for minimizing negative social and environmental impacts during construction and provides guidance on the design of specific social measures and environmental mitigation measures such as slope stability, construction waste disposal and erosion control. Examples of topics that should be included in the environmental specifications annex are: (i) explicit prohibitions and environmental behavior guidelines for work crews, specially along sensitive areas and near rural/vulnerable communities; (ii) proper selection, management, and

10 restoration of quarries, borrow pits, gravel extraction sites in rivers and streams; (iii) the rehabilitation of affected areas through soil replacement and re-vegetation; (iv) selection of camp sites (with specific guidelines on distance to communities according to their population), management of camp wastes, and guidelines for camp dismantling and abandonment; (v) proper disposal of excavated earth and spoil materials to avoid pollution of streams; (vi) management of health issues for workers; (vii) storage, management and use of explosives (if needed); and (viii) proper disposal of wastes from construction machinery and equipment. The specifications will also include chance finding procedures for archaeological artifacts and other cultural resources. The specifications for contractors will address social issues such as: (i) chance finding procedures for archaeological and/or paleontological artifacts; (ii) the management of noise in or near urban or peri-urban areas, villages or sensitive spots (schools, health centers); (iii) traffic management in urbanized and rural areas; (iv) minimization of disruptions of community activities in the vicinity of the right of way from the influx of workers, increased traffic of heavy machinery, potential damages to property and conflicts with the local population; and (v) environmental and social awareness training among workers (vi) increased provision to ensure medical, school, police and other social services can cope with the increased pressure and that the locals are not compromised. Management plan for workers camps. This analysis should include both environmental and social issues such as: (i) the management of camp waste (liquid and solid); (ii) workers environmental and social behavior (prohibitions such as hunting, poaching, social interaction with local population); (ii) the management of health issues in the camp and surrounding communities, especially sexually transmitted diseases; (iii) local hire policies and training needs for local population; (iv) environmental education and awareness, as well as health and safety of workers and local communities; and, (v) analysis of strategic options for camp management (self contained, food supply, engagement of local producers). A Resettlement and Land Acquisition Framework as described above. An Executive Summary of the ESIA. The summary and the complete text of the Resettlement and Land Acquisition Framework for use at the national level will be translated as follows: Afghanistan (English, Dari), Kyrgyz Republic (English, Kyrgyz, and Russian), Pakistan (English, Urdu, Pashto) and Republic of Tajikistan (English, Tajik, Russian). Task 3: Stakeholder Consultations 22. Initial stakeholder consultations were carried out during the Phase 1 environmental and social assessment. They were, however, deemed to be weak and incomplete (at least judging from the documentation produced by the responsible Consultant SNC Lavallin) by the reviewing team of the World Bank. Thus the consultations should be repeated at the outset of the ESIA process of Phase 2 and upon completion of the draft ESIA. The first consultations should explain the findings from Phase 1, inform and consult the stakeholders on the selected project alternative, the intended further activities (investigations, design and planning stages) and the overall project layout and contents. 23. At this Phase of detailed investigations and assessment of the selected TL corridor it is highly important that, all affected communities will be consulted and allowed to participate to ensure that development plans adequately deal with their needs, priorities, and preferences. 24. It is expected that the consultation will be carried out by each government in their respective country. The Consultants are expected to support these consultations by providing guidance to the

11 governments on using qualitative and quantitative methods. Interactions with a range of Stakeholders, Government, NGOs, research institutions and communities are expected. It is expected that the Consultant will identify key stakeholders so that the governments can inform briefly about the proposed project and the current set of studies, and will limit discussion on the project to their scope of work in order to avoid raising undue expectation. Feedback from these consultations will be taken into account when preparing the reports in Task 2. During the gathering of information for the social impact assessment, the Consultants will have to engage with potentially affected communities. Consultants should at the outset agree with the relevant Ministry as to what detail on the proposed project they will share with these informants. Specifically, when discussing the issue of resettlement and compensation, the Consultants need to be very clear about not raising expectations or specifying any compensation details to these groups. 25. As part of the social impact assessment, the Consultants are expected to identify a range of primary and secondary Stakeholders and provide guidance to the government to conduct a stakeholder analysis of their expectations and concerns on the project as well as the potential impacts on their lives. The governments will report back to the Consultants and their reports will be documented in a section of the final report on Stakeholder Consultations. As part of the RPF the Consultant will specify the procedures to ensure that the compensation and resettlement is done in a transparent and inclusive manner. A set of procedures should be written out that identify stages of interaction with the communities such as cut-off date notification, written information on project milestones, design compensation package sheet to be signed and given to the affected household, design system to record delivery of different compensation benefits etc. 26. However, the Consultants are expected to lead workshops in each country with a range of Stakeholders agreed to by the Countries and World Bank, to discuss the draft findings of this consultancy. Additional guidance on the Consultation process requirements by the World Bank are attached as Annex 4. Due to the particular security situation in some of the countries or areas, the approach to consultations will need to be defined keeping in mind the situation on the ground. REPORTING AND TIMING The consultants will work with and report to the the Multi-Country Working Group (MCWG). The governments have established in-country working groups to enable conduct of this work within each of the countries. The Member of the MCWG for that country will be the project director in that country, who will be responsible for the overall coordination and project development units in each country. A specialist Advisor to MCWG is in place and he will play a coordinating role in dissemination of the Consultant s outputs, facilitating intra-country and intra-mcwg discussions; and ensuring required reactions, responses to the Consultant. 27. Under Task 1 the consultants will prepare an inception report on the review of existing Phase 1 outputs and for the planned Phase 2 activities within 3 months after mobilization. Mobilization shall take place no longer than 2 weeks after notice by the Client to proceed. The Consultant will make a presentation on the inception report for discussion with the Client and the World Bank. The Consultant s work on the TOR tasks should continue while the report is under consideration and is being discussed. 28. Under Task 2 the Consultant shall produce a draft Phase 2 report within 7 months after mobilization, as described above, containing the information derived from working through the activities described

12 under Task 2. The contents of the main ESIA report will be organized as described in Annex 1. The level of planning detail, especially for EMP and monitoring plan will be adjusted to the preliminary design status corresponding to the feasibility study (FS) stage, meaning that it will set out a detailed framework to be incorporated into the next design level (detailed/construction design) by Design Engineers and / or Contractors. The draft reports will be reviewed by Client and Bank team within 30 days after reception and written comments provided. The Consultant then will have 30 days to organize complete a final draft report which will be presented to the public for consultations, and a further 30 days to incorporate the comments received into a final report. For ease of reference and timing, reports will be submitted by country or divided into country sections where appropriate. 29. The consultants may be required to prepare interim Issues Papers highlighting urgent matters that could become critical for the timely completion of the tasks and that require attention from the Client and/or the World Bank. COMMUNICATIONS AND COORDINATION 30. The primary contact for the Consultant regarding technical guidance and feedback on technical questions will be the World Bank project team which will comprise the technical skills and experience required for project supervision. For contractual issues the Client will be the primary point of contact, with the World Bank team s procurement specialist available for backstopping information and clarifications.

13 Annex 1: General World Bank Requirements for ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS As per World Bank practice, for transmission systems such as the CASA-1000 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM, the ESIA shall be carried out at a Strategic Level and it is expected that the contractor(s) implementing the CASA-1000 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM will need to do the detailed ESIA (this would be a requirement in the bidding documents for selecting the contractors). Guidelines for preparing the Strategic ESIA are provided in the Environmental Assessment Sourcebook, Volume II, Sectoral Guidelines, Environmental Department, World Bank. Stakeholder Consultations Consultations with stakeholders are an important and integral part of the ESIA process. These consultations are held during the preparation of the ESIA and after the completion of the draft ESIA. The Consultant is required to: Identify the relevant stakeholders through a methodical stakeholder analysis; Organize consultation with the stakeholders that shall be preceded by information dissemination; Contacts with the local population and with local associations / organizations to obtain their opinion and feedback on the Project; Document the discussions from meetings and interviews held; and Incorporate the relevant views of the stakeholder consultations in the development of the ESIA concert with the World Bank. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) The EIA shall comprise the identification and assessment of the impacts on: Vegetation along the route, including clearing that may be required, rare species or habitats; soils of the proposed route in particular with regard to potential for erosion and land slides as a result of construction; Existing land use along the route; Any impact of the proposed route on wildlife and birds migration; Any archaeological or historical sites which may be affected by the preparation and implementation of the proposed route; The major socio-economic, biological and cultural baseline conditions; Potential positive and negative social impacts. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) The Consultant shall develop a first stage management plan to mitigate the negative impacts and to enhance the positive impacts resulting from the Project. Mitigation measures shall as far as possible be incorporated in the in the design, specifications, construction and operation of the CASA-1000 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM. The content and structure of the EMP shall adhere to the World Bank s Operations Policy 4.01, Environmental Assessment, and Annex C (available on the World Bank s external web site). This shall include, but not necessarily be limited to, the following: Identification and description of the environmental avoidance measures, description of factors and constraints determining the selection of the transmission route and other relevant components

14 Identification and description of mitigation and enhancement measures, including a comprehensive estimate of the initial and recurrent costs (and revenues, if any) associated with all identified measures Institutional and other requirements to implement and monitor the EMP Environmental awareness and education of contractors and local communities Social Impact Assessment (SIA) The Consultant shall investigate the social impacts in an integrated manner with the environmental impacts. The SIA shall include, but necessarily be limited to, the following: Population resettlement due to the CASA-1000 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM Income level and ethnic composition of population affected by the CASA-1000 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM Economic activities, landownership pattern and tenure system Impact of population influx during and after construction Job loss and job creation during and after construction, including indirect economic activities (e.g. transport, tourism, etc.) Effects on economic activities Integration of construction requirements into the infrastructural development of the area (e.g. roads and bridges, housing, schools, medical services) Social Management Plan (SMP) The Consultant shall develop a first stage management plan to mitigate the negative impacts and to enhance the positive impacts resulting from the Project. This shall include, but not necessarily be limited to, the following: Resettlement plan and description of other mitigation measures identified to alleviate negative social impact both during construction and operation of the Project Identification and description of mitigation measures alleviating negative impacts during construction and operation of vulnerable families, groups (e.g. women) and communities. Identification and description of enhancement measures associated with the Project, including estimate and profile of potential beneficiaries Cost estimate of all identified measures Institutional and other requirements to implement and monitor the SMP Social awareness and education of contractors and local communities EIA and SIA Reports Two reports An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report and a Social Impact Assessment Report (SIA) shall be the final outputs of the ESIA. In addition, interim reports such as Stakeholder Identification Report; Stakeholder Consultation Report; and monthly Progress Reports shall be provided for review and comments by the MCWG and the IFI team. A suggested outline of the EIA Report is provided in an Annex to these TORs. Suggested Outline of Environmental Impact Assessment Report A sample table of contents for the environmental assessment is presented below. A similar one may be adopted for the social assessment. Executive Summary

15 Concise summary description of the proposed project, the existing environment, significant environmental impacts, recommended mitigation and enhancement measures, monitoring proposals, and the extent of the Project authorities' commitment to said recommendations and proposals. Operational Framework Outline the policy, legal and administrative context of the EIA, summarizing the environmental approvals of the financing institutions. This would include: (a) The World Bank involvement in the Project; (b) applicable international financing institutions procedures in the EIA: and (c) Standards and guidelines of the four countries for EIA Project Description Description of the proposed project within its geographical, environmental, social, and economic context. Description of the Existing Environment Description of relevant aspects of the physical and natural environment and social conditions in the areas affected by the Project, inter alia: Climate Geomorphology and Geology Water resources Biological and ecological resources: flora, fauna, diversity of protected species, ecosystems and stable local landscapes Air quality Noise Social and economic issues: communities, cultural, archaeological / heritage, public health Land use and settlement patterns Potential Impacts Identification of the full range of potential environmental, social, and economic impacts that could be associated with the proposed project and its feasible alternatives: Local National Regional Analysis of Alternatives Comparison of feasible alternatives to the project in terms of location, project technology or design, in terms of potential environmental impact. Characterization of Environmental Impacts and Issues This section shall identify and characterize positive and negative environmental impacts in terms of magnitude, significance, reversibility, extent, and duration. Cumulative impacts shall also be considered. Quantitative data shall be used to the extent possible. It shall also identify opportunities for environmental enhancement and identify key uncertainties and data gaps. Project Development and Mobilization to the Site Construction phase Operation and maintenance Mitigation and Management of Environmental Impacts This section shall outline feasible cost-effective measures to prevent or minimize environmental impacts to acceptable levels and address other environmental issues such as the need for worker health and safety improvements, or training within the owner s agency and/or the community level. It shall also outline measures that would enhance environmental aspects within the area affected by the Project.