PAKISTAN: TOWARDS A MANAGEABLE PSC APPROACH

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1 ( PAKISTAN: TOWARDS A MANAGEABLE PSC APPROACH Report and Reommendations by R.R.N. Tuluhungwa 3 Chief, PSC Servie, New York 1. Current Trends and Perspetives 1.1 Broadly the ountry PSC Servie falls into five operationally interrelated ategories, viz.: (a) Advisory and programming servies to Federal and Provinial programmes (b) Training aimed at strengthening national PSC apaities for field workers in ommuniation skills () Tehnial and prodution support, espeially in graphi and design servies for publiations, audio-visual aids ^ (d) Applied researh through knowledge, attitude and pratie surveys to establish a base for PSC programme omponents (e) Liaison with other agenies bilateral, U.N. and non-governmental organisations 1.2 Up to the time of the undersigned's visit, the 31st Otober to the 18th November, 1981, the PSC plans and ativities had foussed on: (a) Baseline surveys for EPI, diarrhoea! ontrol and ORS programmes (b) Redesigning of promotional and advertising ampaign for the goitre ontrol through iodized salt in the MWFP using radio broadasts, -handbills and printed materials for shools () Supplementation of the Basi Health Servies manual on the training of ommunity health workers with eduational materials attuned to the duties of ommunity development volunteers at the village level (d) Preparation of plans for assisting WFP2237 in the design of KAP surveys and nutrition eduation materials inluding the "translation" of Weaning Foods Reipe manual into a usable form (e) Assisting the water and sanitation programme staff in produing training materials for the sanitation promoters' ourses. 2. Future Perspetives and Reommendations Based on the disussions with Programme staff both in Islamabad and Karahi, ABAD management and field visits, the CIS staff in the Islamabad offie and and the undersigned agreed that PSC Servie should fous on:

2 2.1 PSC for PS(T -There is justifiation for a small brohure explaining the human behavioural aspets of ommunity-based projets and programmes in Pakistan and introduing the onept of PSC vis-a-vis traditional information ativities -Orientation of programme, inluding projet staff, on the role of PSC in basi servies and thus larify how PSC an be integrated into programming planning, advoay and implementation proesses in federal and provinial programmes. A day on PSC in the next programme review meeting is reommended 2.2 Pakistani PSC Capabilities Inventory This is essential beause: -Most past soio-eonomi surveys in Pakistan have given inadequate attention to human ommuniation fators. There have been some efforts in Baluhistan Provine to fill in this gap espeially within the water and sanitation programmes. Existing skills and resoures have to be identified so that these PSC apabilities within provines and setors an be utilised or developed -UNICEF annot undertake all the PSC materials prodution or KAP studies itself, therefore national failities must be developed or utilised The survey will define the people, servies, existing materials and prodution resoures urrently available for both as a servie to programme staff and as a basis for systemati PSC planning and institution-building. Seondly, a data base and a learing-house will be established, the survey will also enompass institutions, setoral departments, NGO's and people apable of undertaking training, materials prodution, soial investigation, et. mainly at provinial level, but also within distrits where appliable; and to establish gaps for whih there is an immediate need to fill. The work should be done through a national body suh as Allama Iqbal Open University, Institute of Eduation, Institute of Eduation Tehnology whih an organise information gathering through their regional network with minimum operational expense by probably basing the survey on questionnaires, and in ollaboration with relevant bodies. Outome and Utilisation This survey will result in a Pakistani ommuniation tehnology, resoures and servies diretory for PSC, health eduation, in-servie training, et., planning for the soial setors. The data will also be useful for non-formal eduational institutions having atalyti value in gap-filling. The ost should not exeed $10,000 drawn from programme funds. The resident UNFPA Country Programme Co-ordinator, Mr. S. Raheem Sheikh, agreed to provide tehnial support and some funding. Both inputs have been onfirmed ever sine, in a personal t ommuniation to me

3 C ( 2.3 Punjab Area Development Programmes There is an urgent need for orienting the deision-makers, bureaurats and tehnorats in the Barani areas in the basi servies strategy and approah based on the distrit-planning proess; eduating them in the entral human elements in the strategy and framework whih has led to the plans and into whih the various ommittees, workshops, et. are supposed to fit. Immediately a distrit programme-speifi booklet or brohure should be prepared for eah Barani Distrit. (a) Various line ministries' staff role is hanging. They are beoming more of advisers to eleted bodies and "their" shemes. Therefore they need orientation for their new role as "ommuniators". Workshops on ommuniations skills/tehniques are a neessity. (b) They need instruments to do this job, suh as PSC materials and protools for ommunity onsultations and motivation. The protool is an urgent need for the ommunity level onsultations if the leaders are to pereive the proess as a finalisation of ativities based on their own felt needs (but within the available resoures as defined in the distrit programme plans) and not as a fait aompli from the top The basis for needs (a) and (b) ould be laid in a workshop framework whih would be part of the learning proess. In view of the time onstraint, and the opportunities already lost, the workshop ould be onfined to one distrit (probably Jhelum, in view of the ompletion of the planning proess there) for whih a village-level ounil/ommittee protool should be prepared. The same material ould be tested and immediately adopted in the other five 1982 distrits. The workshop would also evolve a format for an additional ommuniation element to be appended to the 1982 distrit-planning workshops. The ommuniations training in the remaining distrits would be overed later on. 2.4 ABAD There is a definite need to develop PSC apability in ABAD in view of the heavy programme fous on ommunity development and eduation. Although all PSC skills would not neessarily be needed, full-time o-ordination is a neessity. It is not advisable to try to divert the existing two ABAD information staff as long as other alternatives are available. They should rather be supplemented so as: (a) To o-ordinate PSC-related ativities on UNICEF-assisted programmes in ABAD (b) To liaise with setoral departments on design and prodution of ommunity level extension materials () To undertake KAP surveys to establish the base for ommuniation and family life eduation inputs and their monitoring (d) To organise orientation programmes for poliy and deision-makers - 3 -

4 for basi servies for hildren in ABAD area (e) To train setoral departmental staff and eleted representatives in basi ommuniation skills and approahes More immediately, the CMCD programme needs to be integrated into the other elements of the Punjab programme. The baby-weighing and nutrition followup needs to be part of the overall dialogue with union ounils, et. Sine this planning proess is being takled on a distrit basis, it makes sense for the nutrition team to be attahed to Dr. Nasreen, the nutritionist and the anthropologist. However, this team will lak full-time PSC apability, and if this is to be provided it follows that it should be part of the distrit-level approah and onsequently not, in the immediate future, part of the institution-building in ABAD headquarters. The strengthening of ABAD with PSC should not in any ase be linked to the existing Information (publiity) ell, although this should be utilised as a omplementary faility. Dr. Nasreen, together with a PSC person, should provide a mix of skills whih are needed to be able to undertake the dialogue/ training/researh/monitoring/feedbak required for proper ommuniation and ommunity eduation proesses. If the PSC resoure annot be identified loally, it would have to be provided from outside the ountry. 2.5 Health-Eduation Infrastruture: The lak of established health eduation staff in all provines (with the exeption of possibly Baluhistan) is a severe onstraint in that there is no network of ounterparts to anybody working in PSC from the UNICEF side. This not only preludes institution-building, but severely limits UNICEF's PSC apabilities. (UNICEF Pakistan CIS will have to ontinue its programmati approah to support existing government health eduation failities or reate suh failities to omplement the reently approved PCI's). There may therefore be a need for UNICEF-funded PSC apaity at programme/projet level as it has already been done in BIAD. 2.6 Visual Doumentation of Training and other Programme-Based Ativities Innovative programmes and approahes should be doumented in an audiovisual form for repliation for training proesses, orientation arid awareness raising amongst similar offiials in other distrits. 2.7 External Materials for: (a) Skills development, (b) ommunity workers' eduational aids and () materials for LHV's should be onsidered separately but treated to be omplementary. Materials available and under preparation are reahing the various village volunteers for different purposes, usually setorally; there might be a need at a later stage to onsider the roles of suh workers as they beome more ommon. Mostly there would be little need for written materials direted to the villages beause of the low literay rate and enormous ost

5 2.8 Water and Sanitation Programmes The sanitation promoters training programme is innovative and impressive both in ontent and methodology. Nevertheless, its impat ould be enhaned more if there were more stress on applied health and ommunity eduation methodology. This will definitely equip the trainees with amunition to motivate and eduate families in improved sanitation. There is a need to develop a training materials pakage to be used by the sanitation promoters after graduation. 2.9 Mass Media Programmes There is a need to develop basi and well-targeted messages for transmission through the radio, national and loal newspapers, et. Fous should be on themes whih may not neessarily need the aquisition of new skills whih need onentrated tutoring, supported by demonstrations and pratial exerises. Programmes suh as the promotion of breastfeeding fall under this ategory. Nutrition programmes should be a priority. 3. Karahi: Slum Improvement Programme On the advie of Resident Programme Offier, Mr. John Peaok, a day was spent with Professor M.Y. Adhami, Consultant-in-Charge, and Mrs. Quratud Ain, Community Organiser, Baldia Soakpit Projet. The Orangi Pilot Projet whih has not yet reeived UNICEF funding was visited, too. Baldia Township Soakpit Projet onentrates through ommunity efforts on the provision of omposite soakage pits omprising enamel shallow seal latrine pans whih are imbedded in a onrete stane with a soakage pit underneath. The projet is supported by a onsortium omprising: (a).unicef: -full-time ommunity organiser -half of the monitoring and evaluation osts (b) Jayees: -tehnial/prodution supervisor(s) -half of tehnial onsultany. -researh and development -1/3 of publiity materials prodution -soakpit onstrution osts -k of monitoring and evaluation -storage failities () University of Karahi (Soial Work Department): -hpf tehnial onsultany -2/3 of publiity material prodution -ommunity organisation/motivation -h of monitoring and evaluation The programme appears to have onentrated more on onstrution inputs than - 5 -

6 on ommunity sensitisation and eduation in environmental/personal hygiene, assoiated diseases and basi methods of ontrolling and eradiating them. Based on the short visit to the projet area and disussion with Professor M.Y. Adhami and Mrs. Quratud Ain, it is evident that there is an urgent need (a) undertake KAP surveys on major health, nutritional and organisational problems amongst the Baldia ommunity to establish a base for ommunity health eduation stragegy, plans and ativities through existing soial/administrative institutions (b) develop materials and framework for ommunity life eduation inputs; the few materials available inluding the alendar, were mostly for projet publiity fous as distint from eduational materials () design a strategy for "selling" the projet onept and approah to the Government poliy and deision-makers, relevant professionals and tehnorats whose ommitment and support are needed if the programme is to find its way and plae in the Karahi Metropolitan Corporation development and servie plans (d) develop a simple and partiipatory mehanism for monitoring hanges in behaviour amongst the Baldia residents so that the surveys suggested in (a) above beome ontinuous input/output omponents as the programme ativities proeed To be able to undertake these ativities, endeavours need to be made to institute or to have an aess to PSC apaity within the projet infrastruture, The PSC staff in Islamabad should assist Mr. Peaok in developing PSC strategy, plans and ativities along the lines desribed herein. Similarly, the ommunity-based onstrution efforts ould be enhaned both eduationally and qualitatively by the presene of tehnial apaity within the ommunity. Most onstrution takes plae outside offiial working hours whereas the urrent part-time engineer is available during these offiial hours. Hene there is a need to establish a full-time and funtional offie within the projet area. The staffing and serviing of suh an offie heeds to be looked into. It is believed that soil onditions partiularly the seepage quality is asthe same ompound is not possible as open spaes are limited. Suh a situation will undermine the ommunities' moral, trust and ommitment to the detriment of the projet. Seondly, if the ommunities beome well-motivated, they may ask for servies to omplement the health eduation requirements. This needs to be looked into, too. On the whole the projet may benefit a lot by a omplete review with a possibility of being reprogrammed to meet these dimensions.

7 Aknowledgement I wish to express my gratitude and appreiation to many persons and institutions without whose support and assistane this present report and reommendations would not-have materialsed. Although it is impossible to list all the persons seen during the visit, I would like to onvey my appliation to Dr. R. Hermano for inviting me to visit Pakistan, Mr. D. Mason and his PSC staff for the long working hours they spent with me, Messrs. J. Peaok, S. Hasnoputro, F. Sguera, N. Jafri, Ms. M. Cardenas and Ms. S. Azfar for briefing me on provinial and federal programmes, Professor M.Y. Adhami and Ms. Q. Ain of Baldia Soakage Pit Programme for speriding a day with me at a very short notie and Government staff,of Jhelum and Azad Kashmir Distrits and ABAD who looked after me during field visits. R.R.N. Tuluhungwa Chief, PSC Servie New York Deember

8 CF Item Barode Sign Login Name Saroja Douglas 1/16/ :03:45 AM CF-RAI-USAA-PD-GEN Expanded Number CF-RAI-USAA-PD-GEN External ID "Pakistan: Towards a manageable PSC approah" Report by RRN Tuluhungwa, Chief, PSC Servie, New York Date Created /From Date Date Registered Date Closed /To Date 12/1/1981 8/10/2007 at 1:21 PM Primary Contat Home Loation CF-RAF-USAA-DB (In Container) FI2: Status Certain? No Itm Fd01: In, Out, Internal Re orre Copy Owner Loation Programme Division, UNICEF NYHQ (3003) Current Loation/Assignee In Container 'CF-RAF-USAA-DB (Upasana Young) 1 sine 1/18/2008 at FI3: Reord Copy? No Doument Details Reord has no doument attahed. Contained Reords Container CF/RA/BX/PD/CM/1985/T038: Programme Support Communiations Date Published Fd3: Do Type - Format Da1:Date First Published Priority Reord Type A01 PD-GEN ITEM 7pp Current trends and perspetives of UNICEF's PSC work in Pakistan inluded advisory and programming servies to federal and provinial programmes; trainnig; tehnial and prodution support; applied researh; and liaison with other intergovernmental agenies. The reports reommendations inluded: a small brohure should be produed explaining human behavioural aspet of ommunity-based projets; orientation/training on the role of PSC; a surve should be made of Pakistani national apabilities for PSC materials prodution; there was a need for sensitizing an orienting deision-makers and bureaurats on PSC. Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit Number of images without over S(ya^A-!)o a^/ti \ ^^-[^^A 1 End of Report UNICEF Dataset CFRAMP01

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