Japanese Experience with Metropolitan Urban Transportation Integration. Masayoshi Tanishita CHUO University

Transcription

1 Japanese Experience with Metropolitan Urban Transportation Integration Masayoshi Tanishita CHUO University

2 Contents 1. Goals and Measures of Transport Policy 2. Institutional Problem - Coordination Game 3. Spatial Coordination 4. Functional Coordination 5. Operational Coordination 6. Human Resource Management 7. Conclusions

3 1. Goals and Measures of Transport Policy Mobility Goals of Transport Policy Efficiency... Congestion, Certainty Equity. Public Service Obligation Environment Safety.. Accidents Noise, Vibration Air Pollution... NOx, PM, SOx, HC / CO2 Resource Management, Energy Security Adjustment to negative externalities Social Affordability

4 1. Goals and Measures of Transport Policy Government's Measures Taxation Tax Revenue Costly Information Planning Regulation Price, Auto Ownership, Land Use Subsidy Project Public/Private sectors Construction and Operation

5 1. Goals and Measures of Transport Policy Functions and Major Measures Urban Structure Planning Transport Planning Traffic Management Public Transport Traffic Safety Road Construction and Maintenance Environmental Protection Taxation Information Regulation Subsidy Project

6 1. Goals and Measures of Transport Policy Functions and Institutions Central Government Local Gov. MOC MOT Police Road City Private Urban Structure Planning Transport Planning Traffic Management Public Transport Traffic Safety Road Construction and Maintenance Environment... EPA

7 2. Institutional Problem - Coordination Game Importance of Coordination Conflict between Goals Environment New Path Others Prevention Construction Present Mobility

8 2. Institutional Problem - Coordination Game Coordination Game Conflict between Measures Uncertainty B E F A C D 2, 1 0, 0 0, 0 1, 2

9 2. Institutional Problem - Coordination Game Coordination Problem Local Gov. A Police Functional Central Gov. MOC MOT Road City Spatial Local Gov. B Police Operational Residents Private Sector Mobility / Environment

10 3. Spatial Coordination Spatial Coordination Council coordinated by central government Local gov. and Operational sector join the council ex. City Planning Council / Road Council / Transport Policy Council Sectional Master Plan is open to the public Local gov. activity is financially supported

11 4. Functional Coordination Functional Coordination(1) Land use and Transport Comprehensive plan does not exist Urbanization control (1968) but loosely regulated Farm land Problem (fringe area) Delay of ring road Land Readjustment Project(development gain) Volume control(trunk road, station) City Planning Tax (earmarked)

12 4. Functional Coordination Land Readjustment Project Before After A B C A B C D E G F D E G F Park internalizing development gain

13 4. Functional Coordination Zoning - Land Use Control

14 4. Functional Coordination Functional Coordination(2) Road and Public Transport Integrated Transport Master Plan does not existed Rail and Bus has also not been discussed jointly Rail Road(Monorail etc.) and Over(under)pass between rail and road by Road Specified Fund (earmarked) Subway and LRT has been constructed using road space

15 4. Functional Coordination Road Specified Fund About $60 bil.(1998) Gov. Automobile Acquisition Ownership Usage Central Central to Local Local Road investment/gdp 1(1957)? 3 %(1995) Local Gov. +General Tax(47)

16 4. Functional Coordination Functional Coordination(3) Traffic Safety Environmental Protection Information has not been always exchanged between police and other sectors Automobile regulation plays a great role Safety and Emission Regulation Improvement of fuel (non lead, desulfurization) Environmental Impact Assessment Act (1997)

17 5. Operational Coordination Operational Coordination Operation of public transport and Urban Expressway is a self-supporting Government: From Regulation to Monetary Incentive (IT) Public Private Partnership ( Risk Sharing) Tax reduction, Congestion Pricing,...

18 6. Human Resource Management Human Resource Management Collaboration with Univ. and Gov. Technical support by Professors However, not be seen transparent (Data availability, decision-making process, ex post evaluation) Transparency is strongly required Administrative Procedure Act(1998) the Free Access to Information Act(1998) Administration Evaluation Act(2001?)

19 7. Conclusions Conclusions(1) - Japanese Experience Spatial Coordination Coordination by central government Local government s activity is financially supported Functional Coordination Land Use, Road, Rail and Bus separate Environmental Goal should be expressed clearly Operational Coordination Government role; Regulation? Monetary Incentive

20 7. Conclusions Conclusions(2) - Japanese Experience Road Specified Fund Earmarked Tax Stable Road construction & maintenance Human Resource Collaboration with Univ. and Public Sector Importance of Transparency Common Information and Knowledge Monitoring, Evaluation System(Third Party)