Contents / EBP. Martin Ruesch, Dipl. Ing. ETH/SIA/SVI, RAPP AG Ingenieure + Planer

Transcription

1 Contents Today's vehicle park in swiss cities Characteristics and potentials of an urban lorry Economical and ecological effects Barriers, suitable framework conditions and supporting measures Conclusion and outlook Martin Ruesch, Dipl. Ing. ETH/SIA/SVI, RAPP AG Ingenieure + Planer

2 COST 321: Urban goods transport, Project IV in Switzerland: Prove of effects by optimizing measures in urban goods transport: Part A: Data and modelling urban goods transport Part B: Effects of future transformation in goods vehicle parcs in urban areas Duration Objectives of the project: Characteristics of todays vehicle parcs Definition of an Urban Lorry Ecological and economical effects Barriers, suitable framework and supporting measures

3 300' ' ' ' '000 50' % 22% + ~ 400% 24% + ~ 125% 80% 29% 78% 33% 76% 71% 77% 67% 65% 61% 39% 35% 23% Lorries (>3.5 t) Delivery vans (<3.5 t) Source: BFS, 1996

4 100% Basle Berne Geneva Lausanne Lucerne Zurich 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% > 28 t t t t t t t < 1.8 t Source: BUWAL, 1996 BS Conur. BS City BS Stadt BE Agglo. Conur. BE BE Stadt City GE Conur. GE Agglo. GE City GE Stadt LS Agglo. Conur. LS LS Stadt City LU Conur. LU Agglo. LU City LU Stadt ZH Conur. Agglo. ZH ZH Stadt City

5 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% km km km km Total km per day Basle Berne Lucerne Zurich >3.5 t Company traffic >3.5 t Commercial traffic <3.5 t Company traffic <3.5 t Commercial traffic Source: Albrecht & Partner AG, 1997

6 100% t t t t t Total t per day 80% 60% 40% 20% >3.5 t Company traffic >3.5 t Commercial traffic <3.5 t Company traffic <3.5 t Commercial traffic 0% Basle Geneva Berne Lucerne Zurich Source: Albrecht & Partner AG, 1997

7 Source: INFRAS, 1995

8 Changes in commercial traffic demand Logistics concepts of business enterprises Legal framework conditions Local delivery conditions Delivery vans are favoured over trucks

9 Ecological conflicts high air polluting emissions high energy consumption high area utilisation Economical conflicts high vehicle requirement high costs compared to the haulage capacity Need for improvement

10 Transport company Maximum useful load capacity within a weight class Low price High comfort for transhipment High reliability / practical suitability Authorities Inhabitants Low fuel consumption Low energy consumption Safety Low area utilisation Low environmental impact (emissions, noise)

11 Basic type Drive Useful load optimisation Transhipment Car / Combi < ca. 1.8 t electric Minimum battery weight No specific features (no relevant potential) Delivery van < 3.5 t Hybrid drive (electric/diesel) Increase of useful load by 1.3t to a total weight of 5t (Increase of vehicle weight by 10%) Direct access from driver s cabin to stowing area, lowered loading area and access height Lorry / Truck > 3.5 t Natural gas drive None (low improvement potential from lightweight construction) Reduced chassis height and slanting engine for low floor height and loading area

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15 Useful load Transhipment Drive Key parameters Transport efficiency Transport costs Vehicle requirement Mileage Deployment duration Environmental efficiency Air pollutant emissions Energy consumption Noise emissions Area utilisation

16 Optimisation area Potential environmental efficiency Potential transport efficiency DRIVE + + +/- (Reduced pollution and noise, reduced energy consumption) (Reduced fuel consumption, but often extra costs for alternative drives) USEFUL LOAD TRANSHIPMENT + (Pollutant reduction, reduced energy consumption and area utilisation) + (Reduced pollution, reduction of area utilisation, reduction of energy consumption) + (Reduced transport costs, lower vehicle reqirement, shorter deployment time, shorter mileage) + (Reduction of transport costs, lower vehicle reqirement, shorter deployment time)

17 Drive Reduction of the specific air pollutant emissions Noise reduction Useful load Reduction of tours --> reduction mileage -->.... Increase of number of stops --> reduction vehicle requirement Transhipment Increase of number of stops --> reduction vehicle requirement Reduction of area utilisation

18 ACTUAL STATUS (without measures) FORECAST STATUS (with measures) Input Vehicle park and vehicle deployment matrices Effect hypotheses Vehicle park and vehicle deployment matrices Calculation Key parameters Key parameters Indicators of transport and environmental efficiency Effect on the measures package (company level) Indicators of transport and environmental efficiency

19 -20% Example: commercial traffic decentralised logistics concept -15% -10% <3.5t >3.5t <3.5t >3.5t <3.5t >3.5t Drive Transhipment -5% Useful load 0% <3.5t >3.5t +5% Transport costs Vehicle requirement Mileage Duration of deployment

20 -100% -80% -60% <3.5t >3.5t Example: commercial traffic decentralised logistics concept <3.5t Noise reduction: positive effects -40% -20% >3.5t <3.5t >3.5t Drive Transhipment Useful load 0% +20% Air-polluting emissions Energy consumption Area utilisation

21 A Potential estimate Urban lorry level Conurbation Vehicle park at (BFS / BUWAL) Special evaluation GTS 93 (Sub-project I) B Estimate of ecological and economical indicators at city level (ACTUAL STATUS) C Factors at the level of individual companies D Factors at city level E Application of aggregated factors to indicators at city level (FORECAST status) F Effects of measures at city level

22 -10% Transport costs Vehicle requirement Total mileage Total duration of deployment -8% < 3.5 t Max. > 3.5 t -6% Example Zurich Max. -4% Max. -2% Max. Min. Min. Min. Min. Max. Max. 0% ~ 0% +2% Max.

23 -100% Air-polluting emissions Energy consumption Area utilisation Noise -80% < 3.5 t > 3.5 t -60% Max. Example Zurich -40% Min. Max. Min. Max. -20% Min. Noise reduction: positive effects 0% Min. Max. Max. +20% Min. Max.

24 Lack of an external and internal suitable infrastructure tanking stations, service points,... Re-selling problem Non-serial manufacturing of vehicles (high unit costs) Reservations by the transport companies reliability costs pracitcability (refuelling, maintenance,...) reduction of pay load reduction of reach (radius of action) improvement of conventional technologies

25 Specific urban lorries for professional service providers Urban lorry concept as a part of city logistics Linking of bundling effects with the vehicle effect Traffic telematics to improve the productivity of the vehicles Best Practices and Demonstrations ---> Confidence of User

26 Temporal and spatial access regulations for urban lorries (to favour new technologies) Increase in the total allowed weight of delivery vans from 3.5 to 5 tons (Compensation of battery, second drive) Encouragement of collection and distribution plattforms close to city centres Economic incentives Road pricing (considering emissions)

27 Urban lorry can make a contribution to improving the quality of the environment and the efficiency of transportation Integrated Approach (Size, equipment, drive) Reliability and practiability is a crucial point The extra costs for alternative drives can be compensated only in some companies Range limitations are of very secondary importance Supporting measures and incentives are needed at the beginning of implementation

28 Fuell Cell technology Vehicles with box for integration in intermodal transport chains Technoloy transfer need time --> reduction of barriers --> user acceptance

29 Demonstration within the IDIOMA-Project at the Validation Site Zurich untl