Energy Management and Control Systems Handbook Second Edition

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1 Energy Management and Control Systems Handbook Second Edition

2 Energy Management and Control Systems Handbook Second Edition R William Payne and John J. McGowan, CEM Published by THE FAIRMONT PRESS, INe. 700 Indian Trail Lilburn, GA 30247

3 Library oe Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Payne, F. William, Energy management and control systems handbook. Bibliography: p. Includes mdex. 1. Buildings--Energy conservation--handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Heating- Control--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Air conditioning--control--handbooks, manuals, etc. 1. McGowan, John J., Title. TJ163.5.B84P ' ISBN-13: Energy Management and Control Systems Handbook-Second Edition 1988 by The Fairmont Press, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publica Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1988 tion may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any me ans, electronic or n;teclianical, inc!uding photqcqpy,.reco~<!ing, or any infonj;1ation storage and retneval system, Wlthout permlsslon m wntmg from the pubhsher. Published by The Fairmont Press, Inc. 700 Indian Trail Lilburn, GA ISBN-13: : / e-isbn-13: While evety effort is made to provide dependable information, the publisher, authors, and editors cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions. Distributed by Prentice Hall A division of Simon & Schuster Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall International (UK) Limited, London Prentice-Hall of Australia Pty. Limited, Sydney Prentice-Hall Canada Inc., Toronto Prentice-Hall Hispanoamericana, S.A., Mexico Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi Prentice-Hall of Japan, Inc., Tokyo Simon & Schuster Asia Pte. Ltd., Singapore Editora Prentice-Hall do Brasil, Ltda., Rio de Janeiro

4 Preface to Second Edition The original Energy Management and Control Systems Handbook, published in 1984, was a complete source of basic information on computer control systems. This field, however, is expanding, driving ahead, more rapidly than any other practical technology. To keep up with the changes, a comprehensive revision was absolutely necessary. Further, the mood of the controls industry, and the marketplace itself, demands additional information on a whole different series of subjects. This Second Edition includes new data on Direct Digital Control, Automation System Program Management, Non-Energy Related Benefits of Systems Integration, Information Management, Distributed Processing, and (perhaps the hottest topic of the '80's) Standardization and Remote Communication. The editorial support of a co-author with hands-on experience as a Corporate Energy Manager, Energy Consultant, EMC Installer, and Controls System Specialist has been enlisted in order to bring the Energy Management and Control Systems Handbook completely up to date. As a result, this Second Edition is a state-of-the-art guide to building automation and energy management systems that will enable consultants, engineers, and contractors to grasp the complete picture of the latest advances in this fast-moving technology. F. William Payne J ohn J. McGowan, CEM

5 AUTOMA TION THROUGH ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEMS- WHERE WE STAND TODA Y.... by Bill Gerken, Office of Building Energy Research and Development, Us. Department of Energy EMCS Industry and Market Overview Current Issues Education and Training... 6 User Satisfaction, Cost Savings, and Other Benefits... 9 Controls Standardization Design Integration Emerging Issues Trend to Electronic Local Loop Controls Increasing Complexity of Control Strategies Market Absorption of Innovation Utility and Communitywide Energy Monitoring and Control REASONS WHY SOME AUTOMATION (EMC) SYSTEMS DO NOT MEET THEIR PERFORMANCE GOALS THE FIRST STEP TO A SUCCESSFUL EMC SYSTEM: DEVELOP AN INITIAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PLAN The Initial Energy Management Plan Select Buildings to Be Studied Retaining a Consultant Conducting an Energy Audit... 30

6 3 Determine Energy Savings (Con't) Consultant's Report Prioritize ECOs Finalize and Implement the Initial Plan THE SECOND STEP: DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT THE FINAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PLAN First Part Perform an EMC Systems Analysis Three Levels of EMC Systems Implement the Final Plan LEVEL I EMC SYSTEM: MULTIFUNCTION SUPERVISORY AND DEMAND CONTROLLERS Supervisory Load Controller Optimal StartjStop Controller Demand Controller LEVEL II EMC SYSTEM: CENTRAL MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM LEVEL III AUTOMATION SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY Hardware Types Function Categories Computer Computer Fundamentals Central Processing Unit (CPU) PeripheralDe~ces Auxiliary Bulk Storage Personal Computers Field Equipment Multiplexer Panel Sensors... " 91 Distributed Processing... 98

7 7 Data Transmission Links (Con't) Software Computer Languages Types of Software LEVEL III EMCS HARDWARE Computer Technology Peripherals Field Equipment Software Miscellaneous Cost Issues Maintenance Contracts First Cost System Architecture EMC SYSTEM FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS..., 135 Basic Functions Optimizing Functions Operational Functions Other Functions System and Equipment Applications DIRECT DIGITAL CONTROL by Harris Bynum and Roger Henderson, Regional Automation Speeialists, Honeywell, [ne. Definitions Benefits of DDC "Adaptive" DDC Contral EMCS COMMUNICA TIONS AND STANDARDIZATION DDC Interface Process.... Conventional DDC Interface.... Optimum DDC Interface.... Interface Directions for the Future

8 12 DESIGNING A LEVEL III EMC SYSTEM Basic Selection Criteria Technology Issues Drawings SPECIFYING A LEVEL III EMC SYSTEM... " 201 Major Specification Concerns Sam pie Specifications by George R. Owens, PE., CE.M. Detailed Specifications... " 210 by George R. Owens, PE., CE.M. and Terry Simms 14 EMC SYSTEM PROCUREMENT, INSTALLATION, FINE-TUNING AND MAINTENANCE Obtaining Bids " Contractor Selection Post A ward Review Shop Drawing Review On-Site Debugging... " 243 Fine-Tuning and Long-Term Considerations System Documentation System Maintenance TIPS ON EMCS SPECIFICATION, VENDOR SELECTION, OPERATION 249 by George R. Owens, PE., CE.M. Specifications Software Point Selection Configuration and Hardware Selecting a Vendor Installation... " 257 Operation and Maintenance

9 16 TRAINING THE EMC SYSTEM ST AFF EMCS PROGRAM MANAGEMENT Program Management Components Program Management Functions EMC SYSTEM GUIDELINES FOR NEW BUILDINGS LIFE CYCLE COSTING by Albert Thumann, PE., CE.M. Using the Payback Period Method Using Life Cyc1e Costing The Time Value of Money Investment Decision-Making Making Decisions for Alternate Investments Depreciation, Taxes, and the Tax Credit Life Cyc1e Cost Analysis Optimization CASE STUDY I : COMPUTING EMC SYSTEM ENERGY SA VINGS FOR A NEW COMMERCIAL BUILDING by Delbert M. Fowler, P.E. FS Consultants, Inc. 21 CASE STUDY 2: ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEMS IN SUPERMARKETS by Jon R. Haviland, PE., CE.M. Robinson 's Inc. 22 CASE STUDY 3: ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEMS AT PRINCETON UNIVERSITY by Michael E. McKay, Hugh W. Smith Princeton University

10 23 CASE STUDY 4: AUTOMATION... SHEDDING A LITTLE LIGHT ON BUILDING SECURITY APPENDIX A - SOFTWARE DICTIONARY APPENDIX B - ABBREVIATIONS APPENDIX C - SUPPLIERS OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS-BUILDING CONTROLS AND AUTOMATION INDEX

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