Jens Froese Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg. Harburg. Bangkok 27 th October Container Security TUHH TUHH. Maritime Logistics

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1 Jens Froese Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg Harburg Bangkok 1

2 Shipping Threats 2

3 Shipping Threats Challenges to container security include attacks to truck drivers illegal immigration illegal transport of hazardous substances drugs theft smuggling Container misuse to transport chemical biological radiological nuclear (CBRN) weapons. 3

4 Scenarios Hijacking intercept a legitimate consignment and tamper with it Measures: ensure container integrity Seals Tracking & Tracing Trojan Horse usurp a legitimate trader identity or develop such an identity to ship an illegitimate consignment Measure: effective customs checks. 4

5 Rules and Recommendations International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS)/International Port Security Program SOLAS 24-Hour Advanced Manifest Rule Initiative (CSI) Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) Operation Safe Commerce (OSC) Smart Box Initiative ( tamper evident ) Ship Security Alert System (SSAS) Automated Targeting System (ATS) 96-Hour Advance Notice of Arrival Automatic Identification System (AIS). 5

6 Customs and Border Protection (CBP) CBP-team boarding vessel for inspection 6

7 The most important drivers of an effective European programme in container security will be public-private initiatives that must be supported by all global trade supply chain constiuencies in Europe, als well as national and international standards and initiatives supported by the broader group of participants in a globally co-ordinated approach to container security. For European stakeholders and their peers around the world the bottom line in global container security practices is clear: European View Processes driven by efficient, accurate, and timely information can help create win-win opportunities to improve performance while also reducing risks. Sources: Jim Havelka, Vice President Global Trade Manageme Gunnar Pfitzer, Managing Director Bearing Point 7

8 European Requirements Improved information on actors and cargo shall not only improve security but also safety and logistics operational processes. Application of new technologies shall improve logistics chain processes but at the same time complicate the logistics of terrorists. 8

9 Compatibility of European law versus national laws. Extension of the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code: national ports without international trade vessels <500 RT Compatibility with non-european approaches European Problems April 2004 European Community and U.S. Department of Homeland Security signed agreement to improve container security and expand CSI. 9

10 European Directive Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on enhancing port safety Draft expected end of this year Aim is improved security management recommendations not mandatory rules involving all actors of the supply chain incentives for those contributing to better manage the supply chain security voluntary certification by accredited auditors on basis of standards ISO Security Management Systems for the Supply Chain ISO Best Practices for Custody in Supply Chain Security ISO General Guidelines on Principles, Systems and Supporting Techniques. 10

11 Standards Standards are being developed in close partnership to Other ISO bodies: Freight Containers (TC 104) RFID for Containers (TC 104/TC 122) Processes, data elements and documents in commerce, industry and administration (TC 154) Intelligent transport systems (TC 204) Information technology (ISO/IEC JTC1) International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Industry Administrations International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Labour Organization (ILO) World Customs Organization (WCO) International Innovative Trade Network (ITN) Strategic Council on Security Technology (SCST) etc. 11

12 International International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 (JTC 1) Standards Organizations International Telecommunications Union (ITU) (United Nations) United Postal Union (UPU) (United Nations) TC 122 Packaging TC 104 Freight Containers TC 8 Ships & Marine Tech Regional Comité Européen Normalisation (CEN) National Standards Australia (SAA) SC 31 Automatic Data Capture British Standards Institution (BSI) WG 1 - Symbology WG 2 - Data Content WG 3 - Conformance WG 4 - RFID ODETTE AFNOR SC 17 IC Cards ECMA ITU-T (fka CCITT) Telecommunications ITU-R (fka CCIR & IFBR) Radio-frequency Issues ITU-D (fka BDT) Telecommunications Development Comité Européen Normalisation Electrotechnique (CENELEC) ANSI Deutches Institut fur Normung (DIN) Comité Européen Postal & Telegraph (CEPT) JISC MHI AIM UCC EIA IEEE INCITS Other Industry T6 B10 CompTIA ATA EIA AIA HIBCC AIAG UCC Other VDA 12

13 United Nations Economic and Social Council Economic Commission for Europe Transport Division UNECE Transport Committees 13

14 The initial objective is to set up a telematic network between the maritime administrations/bodies of member states in order to facilitate the implementation of EC maritime legislation. EU SafeSeaNet A longer term objective is to set up an European platform for maritime data exchange making available to a large number of maritime users all relevant information concerning ships movements and their cargoes. 14

15 Secure communication platform Supply chain security training Involvement of all supply chain business partners Sharing information and best practices Development of minimum security practices Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism C-TPAT Smart containers = C-TPAT + 15

16 RFID e-seale Example Barrier-type bolt seal RFID: ID-number + integrity Bar code Battery 1 year transmitting 50 cycles Range up to 50 meters 915 MHz GHz Data transmission rate 500 kbps Storage 64 bytes 16

17 Long Range Tamper Signal 17

18 Tamper Evident Secure Container (TESC) World Shipping Council agreed on a mass testbed in 2006 to result in applicable products in 2007 organized by Terminal operators Motorola Transcor Savi Technologies 18

19 Which data should be made available? Tamper Evident Secure Container (TESC) Container number e-seal number container atmosphere (e.g. carbon dioxide)? cargo data? position? 19

20 Checking Seal at Terminal Gate JF 20

21 Container Bolt Seal JF 21

22 Container Bolt Seal JF 22

23 Terminal Gate JF 23

24 Terminal Gate Truck Surveillance JF 24

25 Seal Discrepancies Seal discrepancies at terminal gate will be noticed by comparison of container data sets between terminal and shipping company and result in a red alert status. Customs may check containers throughout the whole transport chain. Seals will be replaced and notice provided to party in custody. 25

26 Future Aspects US will require e-seals from 2007 on 433 MHz? seal number + container number +??? smart tag: + cargo data, atmosphere, position??? Too many data need to be avoided but effective event/exception management is required Exploitation of information beyond security to foster interoperability of logistics processes and intralogistics Protection of commercial data important. 26

27 X-Ray for Risk Containers Hub ports only containers/day 15 minutes per container (remains on truck) very successful in smuggling detection. 27

28 Hamburg Container Terminal Altenwerder (CTA) Hamburg Trial? 28

29 Thank you very much for listening! S I hope hope your questions are not too complicated! 29