The European Commission s science and knowledge service

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1 The European Commission s science and knowledge service Joint Research Centre Critical Raw Materials for the EU: Summary of JRC support Authors: Presenter: JRC Raw Materials Project Team Fabrice Mathieux Annual Critical Raw Material Event 7 November 2017

2 DG JRC's Vision: "To play a central role in creating, managing and making sense of the collective scientific knowledge for better EU policy." DG JRC's Mission: "As the science and knowledge service of the Commission our mission is to support EU policies with independent evidence throughout the whole policy cycle."

3 The Joint Research Centre (EC's science and knowledge service) at a glance DG JRC Role: facts & figures Established in 1957 Around 3000 Staff 10 Directorates 6 Locations in 5 Member States 42 >1000 Publications per year Large scale facilities

4 Outline JRC contribution to criticality methodology JRC analysis on CRMs and the Circular Economy Conclusions 4

5 JRC contribution to criticality methodology

6 EU list of CRMs JRC s role Revised methodology December 2015 External Contractor implemented Available via Background Report Complements and expands Guidelines Published with Guidelines in July

7 Revised methodology (Approach) Ensure highest possible level of comparability with the 2010 and 2014 lists Intense and active dialogue with stakeholders since an early-stage in the revision Non-forward looking approach in the assessment, i.e. criticality as a snapshot in time Best quality data / average of last 5 years 7

8 Economic Importance

9 Economic Importance EI = s (A s Q s ) SI Main novelties of the refined EI component include: (1)MEGASECTORS NACE-2 (2)More detailed and precise allocation of RM uses to their corresponding NACE-2 sectors (3)Use of a RM-specific substitution index in the calculation of Economic Importance

10 Supply Risk

11 Supply Risk Several novelties of the refined SR component include: (1)Systematic Supply chain approach (bottleneck) (2)More precise picture of Supply concentration (3)Incorporation of Import dependency (4) Trade adjustment (5)Better quality data for Recycling (EU based) (6)More objective calculation of Substitution

12 Revised method to calculate the SUPPLY RISK China 85% TUNGSTEN GLOBAL SUPPLIER COUNTRIES (~73kt in 2010) Portugal 1% Russia 4% Others 6% Austria 1% Bolivia Canada 2% 1% TUNGSTEN ACTUAL SUPPLIERS TO EU28 (ore and conc. 13kt in 2010) Russia 83% Austria 9% Bolivia 2% Portugal 6% - Supply concentration - Poor Governance - Import dependency Recycling Substitution - Trade - Supply chain - Substitution - Recycling

13 Biotic Materials Additional Influences

14 Biotics (B) Minerals (M) X= not investigated in2015 Possible Influences on Criticality (CRM study 2013) Exploration X Ore grade Land use competition Mining Mining Governance X Corporate Concentration Refining Mined & refined prod. By-production dynamics INTEGRATION OF ADDITIONAL INFLUENCES End-Use X Price Volatility Environmental regulation Exploration/ Planning Mining/ Harvesting Post-Mining/ Harvesting Environmental/ Social Issues 1 M+B. Land use competition 2 M. Mining governance 2 B. Sustainable Biomass Management 3 M. By-products 4 M+B. Supply Chain approach (Bottleneck) 3 B. End-use competition 5M.Environmental /Social (Natural Disasters) 5 B. Natural Disasters Bio-threats

15 EU critical raw materials 2017 list of CRMs for the EU Commission's Communication on the 2017 list of Critical Raw Materials for the EU, COM(2017)490, 13 September CRMs (27) Antimony Fluorspar LREEs Phosphorus Baryte Gallium Magnesium Scandium Beryllium Germanium Natural graphite Silicon metal Bismuth Hafnium Natural Rubber Tantalum Borate Helium Niobium Tungsten Cobalt HREEs PGMs Vanadium Coking coal Indium Phosphate rock *HREEs=heavy rare earth elements, LREEs=light rare earth elements, PGMs=platinum group metals

16 JRC analysis on CRMs and the Circular Economy

17 Report = Commitment of the Circular Economy Action Plan (2015); to be issued in December Provide key data sources and identify best practices and options for further action Covering Background Current circular use of CRM and benefits EU policy measures Key actors in the EU Data sources and monitoring Key sectors JRC delivered technical inputs to DG GROW 17

18 Current circular use of CRMs 44% Vanadium 42% Tungsten 35% Cobalt 28% Antimony 17% Phosphate rock 13% Magnesium 11% PGMs 7% LREEs 6% HREEs 3% Natural graphite 2% Germanium Baryte, Bi, Fluorspar, Hf, He, Natural rubber, Ta 1% Be, Borate, Ga, In, Nb, P, Sc, Si-metal 0% 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% End-Of-Life recycling Input Rate (EOL-RIR) - JRC elaboration (EOL-RIR measures recycling s contribution to meeting materials demand, i.e. how much of the total material input into the production system comes from recycling) 18

19 Current circular use of CRMs 19

20 Sectorial analysis Several sectors have been analysed by JRC concerning: Available data Data sources Best practices Sectors analysed: Extractive waste Landfills Electr(on)ic equipment Batteries Automotive sector (mainly e-vehicles) Renewable energy Defence equipment Chemical and fertilisers 20

21 JRC background report JRC background report also to be published in December Looking at CRMs in the Circular Economy proves to be very rich when sectors are considered 21

22 Conclusions

23 RMIS 2.0 launch on 9NOV

24 Thank you! JRC Raw Materials Information System (RMIS):