HYDROGEN INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION MARKET PLACE IN JAPAN

Transcription

1 HYDROGEN INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION MARKET PLACE IN JAPAN October, 2004 Fuel cell transit bus in Tokyo ENGINEERING ADVANCEMENT ASSOCIATION OF JAPAN (ENAA)

2 岡野一清岡野一清 : 岡野一清 : 岡野一清 :: PRESENTATION OVERVIEW Japan policy and strategy for fuel cells and hydrogen R&D targets, funding and scenario for fuel cell commercialization Deregulation R&D structure and current R&D status Hydrogen demand and supply potential An idea of hydrogen highways Market steps for FCVs and fueling stations Perspective on hydrogen economy

3 JAPAN S HYDROGEN ENERGY POLICY Increase of CO 2 emissions Oil dependence : 50% Oil from Mid-East : 86% Japan s energy and environmental situation Renewable energies (Long-term) Climate change Air pollution Energy security Key drivers favoring hydrogen Clean alternative fuels Hydrogen Economy Transitional resources: Fossil fuels (Short & mid-term) Hydrogen infrastructure Hydrogen utilization Hydrogen FCVs FC & Power Plants

4 岡野一清岡野一清 : 岡野一清 : 岡野一清 :: JAPAN S STRATEGY FOR FC AND HYDROGEN METI s strategy Focus on early commercialization of PEFC and hydrogen FCVs Key actions Develop practical technologies Research on hydrogen safety Validate current technology METI s National Projects METI s National Projects R&D for fuel cells and fuel cell related technologies R&D for hydrogen safety and practical technologies JHFC demonstration project (FCVs and FCs) Review of 6 laws for deregulation

5 R&D TARGETS FOR HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES Targets Current Hydrogen production: H2 fuel cost Hydrogen storage: H2 storage capacity On-board H2 storage JPY/Nm 3 JPY /Nm 3 > 6 wt% 2.6wt% > 7kg 5kg Hydrogen utilization: Life time of vehicular FC Start & stop cycle FC stack cost for FCV Tank to wheel efficiency > 5,000h > 60,000 cycle > JPY4,000/kW > 60% 3,000h-10,000h? > Yen 1M./kW > 50%

6 R&D FUNDING FOR FUEL CELLS AND HYDROGEN R&D budgets for fuel cells and hydrogen are growing JPY B ( ): US$. M (200) Total budget 30.7 (279) 32.9 (299) 35.5 (323) Major R&D Items in FY2004 R&D for H 2 safety and practical technologies: Y6.35B ($57.7M) R&D for gas purification and membrane: Y1.75B ($15.9M) H2 production by steel process gas: Y0.52B ($4.7M) JHFC demo: Y3.0B ($27.3M) 10 0 FY Exchange rate: $1 = JPY110 (Requested) PEFC: Y6.55B ($59.5M) MCFC, SOFC: Y4.3B ($39.4M) Other R&D: Y10.4B ($94.4M) Total : JPY32.9B (US$299M)

7 US$ M. 60 R&D FUNDING FOR HYDROGEN Exchange rate : $1 =Yen 110 New hydrogen projects (excl. JHFC demo project) WE-NET Hydrogen Project (R&D for hydrogen production, transportation, storage and utilization) FY Yen B

8 TARGET VOLUMES FOR MARKET INTRODUCTION METI has set the target volumes for market introduction. Year FC vehicles H2 demand H2 stations , B.Nm 3 (36,000t) M. 6.5B.Nm 3 (580,000t) 3, M. 17B.Nm 3 (1.51M.t) 8,500 By METI s Fuel Cell Strategy Advisory Panel

9 METI S SCENARIO FOR FC COMMERCIALIZATION Technology validation Market introduction Diffusion Limited sales Acceleration Enlarge market JHFC demonstration & validation tests ( ) Targets FCV:50,000 FC:2,100MW Targets FCV:5million FC:10,000MW Deregulation Incentives by Gov. Fuel infrastructure Initiative by industry R&D on fuel cells and hydrogen technologies R&D Further improvement and cost reduction

10 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE FOR DEREGULATION Deregulation will be completed by the end of March in Steering Committee METI/NEDO MLIT. FDMA Request FCCJ Industry METI/NEDO, MLIT Safety research Hazard analysis Experiments on safety Committee Recommendations Research data H 2 storage and fuel cell vehicles JAMA, JARI H 2 fueling stations PEC, PAJ, JGA JAIGA Residential FC JEMA, JIA 6 laws (28 items) Review High Pressure Gas Safety Law Fire Service Law Building Standard Law Road Vehicle Act Road Traffic Law Electricity Safety Law

11 Safety research R&D STRUCTURE FOR HYDROGEN 1. FC vehicles (On-board and whole vehicle) - Numerical simulation (H 2 dispersion in tunnel) - Safety tests for H 2 cylinders - Construction of safety tests facility Hy-SEF 2. Hydrogen fueling stations - Hazard analysis, Numerical simulation - Structural design of wall and building - Safety tests - Large scale release and deflagration of hydrogen 3. Basic research on materials and hydrogen sensors - Material tests under high pressure hydrogen.

12 R&D STRUCTURE FOR HYDROGEN Practical technology development 1. 70MPa technologies - Hydrogen cylinders and in-tank valves - Hydrogen compressor, storage and dispenser 2. Hydrogen production, storage, distribution and utilization - Advanced membrane reformers and purifiers - Biomass and other hydrogen production - Hydrogen storage materials and systems - Liquid hydrogen pumps and transportation containers - Many other items 3. Codes and standards, international cooperation

13 H2 AND FCV SAFETY EVALUATION FACILITY FCV Hy-SEF at JARI in Ibaragi Hydrogen supply facilities : 95MPa, 200Nm 3 /h Hydraulic pressure test facilities:300mpa. Source: JARI Inside of the dome Inner dia. :18m Height :16m Wall : 1.2m thick

14 HYDROGEN FILLING STATIONS IN JAPAN WE-NET, JHFC and private sector Osaka WE-NET Tokyo Kasumigaseki Tokyo Ariake Hadano Takamatsu WE-NET Yokohama Tsurumi WE-NET Yokohama Daikoku Tokyo Senjyu Sagamihara Aichi Toho GAS Private Yokohama Asahi Kawasaki Ohme

15 岡野一清岡野一清 : 岡野一清 : 岡野一清 :: MOBILE HYDROGEN FUELING STATIONS Portable H 2 station (Tatsuno) Portable H 2 station (Iwatani) Mobile electrolysis H 2 generator (JHFC) Mobile NG reforming station (JHFC)

16 REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMERCIAL HYDROGEN FUELING STATIONS Safe and reliable systems for long time operation Low cost systems (< JPY300M: $3M) High efficiency systems Compact systems Long life and short start-up time Beautiful design harmonized with urban landscape

17 HYDROGEN SUPPLY OPTIONS FOR FC VEHICLES H 2 Sources Off-site H 2 production By-product H2 Reforming Electrolysis Biomass Wastes Nuclear heat Natural gas, LPG Methanol, Naphtha kerosene Electricity LH 2 GH 2 LH 2 tank (Vaporizer) GH 2 storage On-site reforming On-site electrolysis H 2 fueling station GH 2 LH 2 Compressor H 2 storage (40MPa) LH 2 fueling Dispenser GH 2 fueling Dispenser (35MPa)

18 CHOICE OF PATHWAY FOR HYDROGEN SUPPLY Key factors: Availability of primary energy sources Total energy efficiency Hydrogen fuel economy Environmental evaluation Customer s expectation of fueling station Best choice for each fueling station On-site production Fuel reforming Electrolysis Off-site production large-scale production

19 HYDROGEN DEMAND AND SUPPLY POTENTIAL (FOR FUEL CELL VEHICLES) 60 (B.Nm 3 /Year) Hydrogen Supply Potential 40 Hydrogen demand? 3.5 On-site and off-site production - Reforming - Electrolysis Oil refineries 20 0 Marchant hydrogen million FCVs million FCVs By-product H 2 - Chlor-alkali plants - Cokes oven plants Biomass & waste - Gasification - Fermentation

20 BY-PRODUCT HYDROGEN PLANTS By-product hydrogen available for FCVs: Chlor-alkali Plant: 1.2B. Nm 3 /Year Cokes Oven Plant: 5.3B. Nm 3 /Year Chlor-alkali Plant Cokes Oven Plant Source: WE-NET Task1

21 OIL REFINERIES IN JAPAN Hydrogen supply potential by 23 oil refineries: 3.5 B.Nm 3 /year

22 CONVENTIONAL FUEL INFRASTRUCTURES Large scale conventional fuel infrastructures can be used for on-site hydrogen production. Natural gas is available for : 45% of houses (22 million houses) LP Gas is available for: 55% of houses (27 million houses) Kerosene is available for: 85% of houses (42 million houses)

23 AN IDEA OF HYDROGEN HIGHWAYS 233 hydrogen fueling stations will cover all national highways in Japan. (Total 7,000km, 1 station every 30km) Hokkaido Large number of vehicles are concentrated in metropolitan areas. Kyushu Highways : Total 7,000km Takamatsu Yakushima Osaka Aichi (Tokai)+( EXPO 2) Kanagawa (Sagamihara, Hadano) Tokyo (Kasumigaseki, Senju, Ariake, Ohme) Kawasaki Yokohama (Tsurumi, Daikoku, Asahi) 14 H 2 stations +2 (under const.)

24 Volume MARKET STEPS FOR H-FCV AND HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE 50,000 FCVs 5 million FCVs 15 million FCVs 500 stations 3,500 stations 8,500 stations Incentives by the government Mass market (Commercialization) Demonstration Fleet market Fleet vehicles Transit buses Delivery vehicles Service vehicles

25 HYDROGEN BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES AND PLAYERS Economic impact for hydrogen infrastructure by 2020 is JPY1,100B. Player Industrial gas co. Oil companies Gas Utilities Plant makers Steel makers Chlor-alkali co. Other companies Hydrogen business Construction of large H 2 production and liquefaction plants Construction of H 2 fueling stations H 2 sales at factories and fueling stations Economic Impact JPY100B ($0.83B) JPY1,000B ($8.3B) JPY434B/Year ($3.6B /Year)

26 PERSPECTIVE ON HYDROGEN ECONOMY Year Fossil fuel age Hydrogen age Hydrogen Sources By-product H 2. Reforming. Electrolysis. H 2 from biomass & wastes. H 2 from renewable and nuclear energies H 2 filling stations Pipelines Hydrogen Utilization Demo. FCV (Buses, Fleet vehicles, Passenger cars) PEFC (Industrial and residential) (Railway, ships, portable) H 2 engine co-generation H 2 combustion turbines

27 岡野一清岡野一清 : 岡野一清 : 岡野一清 :: CHALLENGES FOR THE HYDROGEN FUTURE Elimination of barriers is the key to establish hydrogen economy. Fossil Fuel Economy Market Barriers Institutional Barriers Economic Barriers Technical Barriers Hydrogen Economy Technical Barriers: - Durability of PEM-FC - Hydrogen storage Economic Barriers: - FC and H 2 fuel cost Institutional Barriers: - Safety assurance - Codes and standards - Education for public Market Barriers: - Investment for H 2 infrastructure