global science solutions

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1 global science solutions Tim Martin: Riverside Technology, inc. Fort Collins, Colorado, USA 2.4: Water Security Information and Tools to Support Global Water Security International Symposium on Synergistic Approaches to Food and Water Security October 17-19, 2012

2 Water Security A condition of an uninterrupted water supply with sufficient quantity and adequate quality to meet the domestic water needs of a country or region and support its economic activities that depend on water (Findikakis, 2011) Broader definition of water security recognizes concepts: Sustainable development of water resources Protection of water systems Protection of water supply from flood, drought Safeguarding access to water and services for people and the environment

3 Hoekstra and Chapman, 2007 Water Footprint per Capita

4 Key Factors in Water Security: Water Resources, GDP and Population Growth Water Reports 23, FAO, 2003; World Factbook 2004, CIA

5 World Resources Institute and isciences, LLC; Office of the Director of National Intelligence Community Assessment, 2012

6 Estimations for billion people will be living in countries with absolute water scarcity 2/3 of world s population could be living under water stress Most of these countries are economically challenged without resources to mitigate water scarcity Coping with water scarcity, UN-Water Thematic Initiatives, 2006

7 Water Security Perspectives and Challenges Water security depends on situation and perspective and actual usage Village in west Africa: drinking water, cooking, cattle Coors beer: constant supply of high-quality water for manufacturing Country of Egypt: continuation of agreements with upstream countries Main Challenges to achieving global water security (Second WWF, 2000): All people have access to safe and sufficient water and sanitation Equitably allocating water resources to for food production Protecting ecosystems Peaceful cooperation in water sharing countries Managing risks with floods, drought, pollution

8 Importance of Reliable Information and Analysis Tools Basic, reliable technical information is critical as foundation for improving water management River basins and groundwater resources Water quality Water use and efficiencies Build capacity for modeling and analysis Water supply forecasting Flood monitoring, modeling, forecasting Water shortages and drought Pollution and water quality Improve equitable water allocation Support policy for equity Water sharing agreements and conflict resolution Managing water demand Improving efficiency Conservation Assess climate variability and change

9 Riverside s Model for Technology Transfer Clients and Partners Building Expertise Experience gained from US-based projects Expertise in ICTs, e.g.: forecasting, decision support systems System and product development and support Technology Transfer Partnering to secure funding Technical assistance Cooperative design, implementation Leveraging open source solutions Training and capacity development On-job training

10 Morocco Economic Competitiveness Project - Information Management System (IMS) Hydrologic Modeling Real-Time Collection Consumptive Use Modeling Graphical User Interfaces Water Quality Assessment Database Historical Physical Spatial Policy Parametric Scenario User Real-time Reservoir and River Simulation Irrigation Management Precipitation Estimation Meteorological and Climate Models Data Analysis and Display

11 Nile River Basin Watershed includes 10 countries Population 200m; 400m by 2025 Problem: Too much water in some places, too little in others Collaborative approach to problem solving: Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) Inter-governmental organization, owned by the riparian governments, formed in 1999, funded by donors Purpose: develop the resources of the Nile Basin for the benefit of all a mechanism to implement a shared vision for the future.

12 A Solution Example The Nile Basin DSS Time series Spreadsheets GIS MCA/CBA Scenarios Dashboard (web publishing) Optimization Work spaces Ensembles Meta data Scripting Indicators Data base

13 Standard Time Series Manager UI Tools Explorers Data Views Properties Components Dashboard (web publishing) Time series GIS Indicator s Scenario s Scripting Meta data Work spaces Spreadsheets

14 Morocco: Monitoring Consumption and Productivity of Water in the Oum Er Rbia Project World Bank Irrigation Project justification Increased pressure on Oum Er Rbia river basin surface water supplies Groundwater pumping Largely unregulated Depletion of aquifers in many areas Irrigation improvement project $250M investment Canal and ditch improvements Field irrigation distribution system Conversion to more efficient technologies (eg drip irrigation) Riverside satellite ET project objectives Demonstrate unbiased method for CU monitoring Estimate groundwater pumping rates Establish water productivity baseline for pre-, mid- and post-project assessment

15 Evapotranspiration (ET) by Month in Morroco Irrigation District Using Remote Sensing Sep 06 Oct 06 Nov 06 Dec 06 Jan 07 Feb 07 Mar 07 Apr 07 May 07 Jun 07 Jul 07 Aug 07

16 Depth (mm) Annual Water Balance (Sep06 Aug07) Annual Totals '06 - '07 1,200 1, AUEA Arraja AUEA Alittihad AUEA Alomrania AUEA Annour RD N1-2 Oulad Gaid Rd S1.3 Nord-Gharbia Ouest 1 - Gharbia S6-Sidi Smail Sidi Bennour small sectors Z3-Zemamra ET Actual Effective Precipitation Surface Water Irrigation Net Groundwater Abstraction

17 Depth (mm) Monthly Water Balance for Example Irrigation Sector (RD S1.3) Rd S1.3 '06 - ' Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Monthly Avg ET Actual Effective Precipitation Surface Water Irrigation Net Groundwater Abstraction

18 Use of Information Technology for Communication and Dissemination

19 Climate Change Decision Support Tools

20 Water Security Perspectives and Challenges Water security depends on situation and perspective and actual usage Village in west Africa: drinking water, cooking, livestock Coors Brewing: constant supply of high-quality water for manufacturing Country of Egypt: continuation of agreements with upstream countries Main Challenges to achieving global water security (Second WWF, 2000): All people should have access to safe and sufficient water and sanitation Equitable allocation of water resources for food production Protection of ecosystems Ensure peaceful cooperation in water sharing countries Manage risks with floods, drought, pollution

21 Thank You!