WELCOME TO WASCAL. Climate Diplomacy Day 2015 Accra, June 17, Mamadou I. Ouattara

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1 WELCOME TO WASCAL Climate Diplomacy Day 2015 Accra, June 17, 2015 Mamadou I. Ouattara

2 ESTABLISHMENT OF WASCAL: WEST AFRICA & GERMANY February 10, 2012: Signing of a cooperation agreement by ten West African countries and Germany for establishing WASCAL To date: all 10 African countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, The Gambia, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal and Togo) have ratified its constitution

3 Talks have started for WASCAL to cover all countries of West African, under the auspices of ECOWAS

4 CLIMATE CHANGE AND POSSIBLE IMPACTS (WEST AFRICA including GHANA) Sea Level Rise Ocean Warming Increased Temperature Rainfall Variability Increased Evaporation Increased Occurrence of Extreme Events Disappearing Coastal lands Salt Water Intrusion Decline in Fisheries Harvest Loss of Biodiversity Increased Fire Risk Increased Disease Risk, Range Floods and Land Slides Changes in Planting Season Drought, Food Security Transport Vulnerability Food and Water Scarcity

5 CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTSIN GHANA AND WEST AFRICA The impact of climate change and climate variability on rainfall is one of the most important challenges facing West African populations: Long-term decrease in annual rainfall amount since 1970's (about 15 to 35%); Decrease in annual number of rainy days; Shift in isohyets distribution; Increase in extreme events; High variability of the beginning of rainy season; High spatial and inter-seasonal variability of rainfall

6 CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS IN GHANA AND WEST AFRICA: Modelled future impacts The length of the growing season will be reduced by between 10 and 20 days over most part of West Africa. This reduction is consistent with the delayed onset and almost normal cessation of rainfall. (From Jerome Omotosho, FUTA, 2011)

7 CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS IN GHANA AND WEST AFRICA: Extreme Events (Floods / droughts)

8 Climate Change Impacts: Health Risks Climate Change Human exposures Regional weather changes Heat waves Extreme weather Temperature Precipitation Sea-level rise Modulating influences Microbial Contamination changes: pathways Contamination paths Transmission dynamics dynamics Changes in agroecosystems, hydrology Socioeconomic and demographic disruption Health effects Effects Temperature-related illness and death Extreme weatherrelated (floods, weather- storms, Extreme related etc.) health health effects effects Air pollution-related health effects Water and food-borne diseases Vector -borne and rodent- borne diseases Effects of food and water shortages Mental, nutritional, infectious-disease and other effects J. Bayo Omotosho, 2nd Introductory Seminar for New Wascal Students, Accra, Ghana 5 8 February, 2013

9 CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS IN GHANA AND WEST AFRICA: raising sea level and coastal erosion

10 Need for West Africa to have a scientific institution to address the questions from public and private sectors concerning issues elated to climate change (early warning, infrastructure, human security, sustainable land management and preservation of environment)

11 A Climate Service Center for Resilience in Land Use in West Africa

12 INCREASED LAND DEGRADATION IN ALL WEST AFRICA deforestation and land degradation. deforestation and land degradation.

13 CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS IN GHANA AND WEST AFRICA

14 Climate models in the 4th IPCC Report Models country Models country BCC CM1 China GISS AOM USA BCCR BDM2.0 Norway GISS EH USA CCSM3 USA GISS ER USA CGCM3.1 (T.47) CGCM3.1 (T.63) CNRM.CM3 CSIRO MK3.0 Canada Canada France australia INM CM3.0 IPSL CM4 MIROC3.2 (hires) Russia France Japan ECHAMS / MPI OM ECHO G Germany Germany-Korea MIROC3.2 (medres) MRI CGCM2.3.2 Japan Japan FGOALS g1.0 China PCM USA GFDL CM2.O USA UKMO Had CM3 UK GFDL CM2.1 USA UKMO Had GEM1 UK

15 OBJECTIVES OF WASCAL significantly improve the climate change research infrastructure and capacity in West Africa, explore science-based scenarios and options for enhancing the resilience of human and environment systems in the face of climate change, assist policy and decision makers in design and implementation of land use patterns that ensure the provision of the essential ecosystem services while supporting the livelihoods of local communities, and help educate the next generation of scientists and policy makers that have intimate knowledge of the different climate related issues and can help the region in developing suitable coping strategies

16 THE WASCAL COMPETENCE CENTER The Observation (Data) Network The Research Program

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18 Concept of WASCAL Competence Centre observatory network West African Science Service Center on Climate Change & Adapted Land Use

19 West African Science Service Center on Climate Change & Adapted Land Use Research Clusters Climate and Weather e.g. Interactions between land surface changes and regional climate Landuse Dynamics and the Social-Ecological System e.g. Adapting to water scarcity, effect of changing climate patterns Agricultural Systems e.g. Locally-evolved land management options as coping measures Markets and Livelihood Diversification e.g. Demography and land use under increasing climate variability Risk Management e.g. Economic evaluation of risk management strategies Integrated Assessment e.g. Agent-based models for scenario analysis under climate change conditions

20 Hydro-Climatological Observatory Ongoing State of the Art from July 2012 West African Science Service Center on Climate Change & Adapted Land Use Total & photosynthetically active radiation Automated weather station Weir for runoff measurement Scintillometer: heat flux Eddy covariance

21 THE WASCAL CAPACITY BUILDING PROGRAM The Graduate Research Programs The Professional Training Programs

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28 CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTSIN GHANA AND WEST AFRICA

29 THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION