GOVERNMENT & CITIZENSHIP CORE CONCEPT PART 8

Transcription

1 GOVERNMENT & CITIZENSHIP CORE CONCEPT PART 8

2 FOUNDATIONS OF GOVERNMENT Government = a group of people who have the power to make and enforce laws for a country or area. Purpose of Government 1. Protect the common good (well-being) of citizens 2. Keep order 3. Provide services

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4 FOUNDATIONS OF GOVERNMENT Limited Government = government is limited by law; protect citizens rights. Constitution = a system of basic rules and principles by which a government is organized; identifies the powers a government has. Unlimited Government = there is not limit on government actions; a ruler or small ruling group has power to make all decisions for the country or society; don t protect citizens rights Tyranny = unjust use of power

5 40 th U.S. President Kim Jong-Un, leader of North Korea

6 1. How do constitutions limit the powers of government? THINK ABOUT IT 2. How would school be different if the authority of your teachers was not limited?

7 POLITICAL SYSTEMS State = a region that shares a common government. The first real states were city-states that developed in Southwest Asia more than 5,000 years ago. City-State = an independent state made up of a city and its surrounding territory.

8 POLITICAL SYSTEMS Later, military leaders conquered large areas and ruled them as empires. Empire = a state containing several countries. Today, most states are nation-states. Nation States = a state that is independent of other states; referred to as nation or country

9 NATION-STATES The U.S. is an example of a nation-state. Common Features of Nation-States 1. Specific territory with clearly defined borders. 2. Governments, laws, and authority over citizens. 3. Most are divided into smaller states or provinces that contain cities/towns.

10 NATION-STATES CANADA U.S.A.

11 FORMS OF GOVERNMENT There are many different types of government. Throughout history, most states were autocracies ruled by a single person. Or oligarchies ruled by a small group of people. Let s look at the 3 main forms of government in use today!

12 Democracy = form of government in which citizens hold political power; citizens are the ultimate source of government power and authority. Direct democracy citizens vote directly to pass laws and select leaders. Representative democracy citizens elect representatives to make government decisions. LIMITED GOVERNMENT!

13 DEMOCRACY

14 3 KEY DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES: DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES 1. Government follows the rule of law government actions defined by laws that LIMIT its actions 2. Government decides issues by MAJORITY rule. 3. Rights/Freedoms of minority groups cannot be taken away by majority Gov t must balance majority rule with minority rights

15 DIRECT DEMOCRACY Ancient Athens DEMOCRACY EXAMPLES REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY United States

16 Monarchy = form of government in which the state is ruled by a monarch (king/queen) Power is inherited by family Absolute Monarchy = UNLIMITED Constitutional Monarchy = LIMITED by law and share powers with other branches of government

17 ABSOLUTE MONARCHY Saudi Arabia MONARCHY EXAMPLES CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY United Kingdom

18 AUTHORITARIAN GOVERNMENT Authoritarian = government in which all power is held by a single person or a small group; UNLIMITED. Government may control all aspects of life. Communism = political/economic system in which government owns all property and makes all economic decisions (COMMAND).

19 COMMUNIST LEADERS Xi Jinping is a Chinese politician who currently serves as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, the President of the People's Republic of China, and the Chairman of the Central Military Commission. Raúl Castro, is a Cuban politician and revolutionary, who has been President of the Council of the State of Cuba since Castro is Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces and has also been leader of the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC) since 2011.

20 THINK ABOUT IT 1. What are states, city-states, and nation-states? 2. Which form of government relies most on its citizens? Explain.

21 POLITICAL STRUCTURES Countries distribute (divide up) power between the central government and smaller units of government. Governments can distribute power in 3 basic ways: 1. Unitary System 2. Federal System 3. Confederal System

22 POLITICAL STRUCTURES Unitary System = a central government makes all laws for the entire country. Federal System = power is divided up among central, regional, and local governments. Confederal System = a group of independent states join together and give limited powers to a common government. Which is the United States???

23 POLITICAL STRUCTURES Most countries have a UNITARY system! The U.S. and some other countries have FEDERAL system. The confederal system is RARE. U.S. Capitol Oklahoma Capitol Moore Town Hall CENTRAL GOVERNMENT Responsible for national affairs REGIONAL GOVERNMENT State or Provincial governments LOCAL GOVERNMENT County, City, & Town governments

24 BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT Under the U.S. Constitution, power is divided among 3 branches of government: 1. Legislative 2. Executive 3. Judicial SEPARATION OF POWERS!

25 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH Establishes laws In Representative democracy, legislators are elected to represent citizens Imposes Taxes To pay for government services & Public goods (roads, parks, fire departments, military)

26 U.S. CONGRESS LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

27 EXECUTIVE BRANCH Carries out, or enforces, laws Provides for countries defense Manages foreign policy (relations with other countries) Handles day-to-day affairs of country. President/Prime Minister

28 EXECUTIVE BRANCH Barack Obama, U.S. President Theresa May, Prime Minister of England

29 JUDICIAL BRANCH Makes decisions about disputes through courts of law. Local, criminal courts highest courts in the land. Highest court in U.S. = SUPREME COURT Interprets the law and judges whether a law violates the Constitution.

30 JUDICIAL BRANCH

31 CONFLICT AND COOPERATION Sovereignty = supreme authority or power Foreign policy = set of goals describing how a country s government plans to interact with other countries governments. A country s foreign policy can lead to conflict with other countries. Wars and fighting begin for many reasons, including: 1. Land/Resources 2. Religion 3. Politics

32 The U.S. Secretary of State is a senior official of the federal government whose focus is foreign policy. This official is considered to be the U.S. government's equivalent of a Minister of Foreign Affairs. SECRETARY OF STATE

33 COOPERATION Treaty = formal agreement between two or more countries. United Nations (UN) = the largest international organization that works for peace. Nearly every country in the world belongs to the UN. Governments send diplomatic representatives to the UN Diplomacy = managing communication and relationships between countries.

34 COOPERATION PUBLIC HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS International Red Cross & Red Crescent Movement Provides medical aid, food, and other relief services to victims of war or natural disasters. World Health Organization Fights disease, especially among the world s poor, by providing health information, medical training, and medicine.

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36 HUMANITARIAN ORGANIZATIONS United Nations (UN) COOPERATION Seeks to encourage international cooperation and achieve world peace; sometimes faces criticism. CARE International Seeks to end world poverty through development and selfhelp.

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38 COOPERATION ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS World Bank Provides loans for projects aimed at promoting economic development. International Monetary Fund (IMF) Seeks to prevent and resolve economic crisis by offering advice, information, technical training, and loans.

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40 THINK ABOUT IT 1. Why is foreign policy important to a government? 2. What are two examples of cooperation among countries?

41 CITIZENSHIP The U.S. is a representative democracy. In a democracy, all political power comes from the citizens. Citizen = a legal member of a country Most people become citizens by birth Immigrants can become citizens through legal process known as naturalization

42 RIGHTS OF CITIZENS Bill of Rights Part of the U.S. Constitution (1 st TEN Amendments) Protect basic freedoms (speech, religion) If government violates these, citizens can go to court.

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44 RESPONSIBILITIES OF CITIZENS We have the right to speak freely, but we also have the responsibility to allow others to say things we may not agree with. Voting is BOTH a right/responsibility!!! Participate in government & civic life activities having to do with one s society and community.

45 Keeping informed about local, state, and national issues Joining a political party a group that supports candidates for public offices Voicing opinions at town meetings Taking part in public gatherings, protests, or demonstrations CIVIC PARTICIPATION Running for public office Joining an interest group a group that seeks to influence public policy on certain issues Contacting elected representatives, such as a state legislatures or members of Congress

46 THINK ABOUT IT 1. What is main document providing U.S. citizens with their basic rights? 2. What are some basic rights that citizens in a democracy have? 3. What are some basic responsibilities citizens in a democracy have?