Chp. 2 Comparing Forms of Government

Transcription

1 Chp. 2 Comparing Forms of Government

2 Objectives p. 002 In this chapter, the students will classify various political systems analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various political systems and compare the ways in which power is distributed in systems of shared power. compare and contrast constitutional democracies with authoritarian regimes; presidential and parliamentary governments; and federal, confederal, and unitary systems of government. classify and evaluate various economic systems and identify the role of government in each.

3 Preview p In your opinion, which one of the following people or groups should have the power to make the rules at Broad Run (principal, teachers, student council, student body, other) Why? 2. Are there any people or groups in question #1 that should not make the rules at Broad Run? If so, why not? 3. Which group usually makes the rules here? a. Why do you think that is? b. Advantages of this system? c. Disadvantages?

4 Forms of Government in Today s World p. 004 Monarchy A system of government in which a single ruler exercises supreme power based on heredity or divine right efficient way of carrying out decisions and policies clear line of succession loyalty to monarch as unifying power quality of leadership can vary dramatically from one generation to the next job of running modern nation-state has become too big for any but the most exceptional monarchs to do well EX Saudi Arabia

5 Forms of Government in Today s World p. 004 Dictatorship a system of government in which a single person or group exercises supreme power based on its control of the military and police power centralized in the hands of a single military or political leader who can get things done efficiently control of the military and police allows dictator to maintain peace and order power can be used to abuse citizens who oppose the dictator dictators face serious legitimacy problems EX Pakistan Zimbabwe

6 Forms of Government in Today s World p. 004 Theocracy a system of government headed by religious leaders single, state-supported religion encourages political and social unity ensures that political decisions are in line with the people s moral values and beliefs difficult to enforce religious unity religious minorities often marginalized or even persecuted EX Iran

7 Forms of Government in Today s World p. 004 Single-Party State a system of government in which only one political party is allowed by the constitution to govern and power is exercised by the leading members of the party easier to pass laws by avoiding the political wrangling common in multiparty states the views of the party elite may differ from the interests of the people as a whole, leading to social unrest people with differing political views are often shut out of the political process EX China, Cuba

8 Forms of Government in Today s World p. 004 Direct Democracy a system of government in which public decisions are made directly by citizens meeting together in an assembly or voting by ballot each citizen has an equal say in public affairs decisions have widespread support very time-consuming for citizens EX New England Towns

9 Forms of Government in Today s World p. 004 Parliamentary Democracy a system of government in which voters elect lawmakers to represent them in the nation s parliament; the leaders of the executive branch come from the ruling party in parliament members of the legislative majority usually vote with the prime minister on key issues, making it easier to get legislation passed EX United Kingdom, Australia, India, Canada no clear-cut separation between the executive and legislative, so no real check on the prime minister s powers prime minister can be forced to resign, leading to instability

10 Forms of Government in Today s World p. 004 Presidential Democracy a system of government in which voters elect lawmakers to represent them in the legislature and a president to lead the government as head of the executive branch president may be more responsive to the public than to party concerns separation of executive and legislative powers allows each branch to watch over the other to prevent abuses of power fixed terms of office creates stability no easy way to remove an unpopular president from power gridlock may result when a president is not from the party that controls the legislature EX United States, Mexico, France, Russia

11 Forms of Government Map p. 003 Monarchy Theocracy Dictatorship Single-Party State Parliamentary Democracy Presidential Democracy

12 Three Systems of Government in Today s World p. 005 Unitary System a system of promotes national unity government in all parts of the country follow which power is the same laws and policies centralized in the national government; regional governments only exercise powers given by national government broad public policies may not fit the needs of the entire country or population central government officials cannot know the needs of every locality

13 Three Systems of Government in Today s World p. 005 Federal System a system of works well for large, diverse government in countries which power is gives regional governments divided between flexibility in meeting diverse national and needs regional governments patchwork of conflicting or competing laws from region to region may foster conflict between central and regional governments

14 Three Systems of Government in Today s World a system of allows regional governments government in to unite for some purposes which power resides without giving up the power in the regions, which to run their own affairs are independent gives regional governments states; the central flexibility to meet local needs government gets prevents rise of an power from regional authoritarian central governments government Confederal System central government may be too weak to meet the needs of the nation as a whole may lead to conflict between regions p. 005

15 Economic Systems in Today s World p. 005 an economic system tradition and community in which decisions values keep the economy about what goods running smoothly and services to people can provide for produce and how themselves are made on the basis of tradition Traditional Economy very low standard of living limited access to goods and services

16 Economic Systems in Today s World p. 005 an economic system that relies mainly on markets to determine what goods and services to produce and how efficient at meeting people s needs, based on demand competition keeps prices from rising too high business investment helps the economy grow instability; periods of growth usually alternate with recessions unequal distribution of wealth Market Economy

17 Economic Systems in Today s World p. 005 an economic system can ensure full employment that relies mainly on can control prices and bring the central stability to the economy government to distributes income more determine what equally goods and services to produce and how Command Economy workers have little incentive to work hard or to produce quality goods government planners are less efficient than the market at making economic decisions

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