Approved baseline and monitoring methodology AM0076

Transcription

1 Approved baseine and monitoring methodoogy AM0076 Methodoogy for impementation of fossi fue trigeneration systems in existing industria faciities I. SOURCE, DEFINITIONS AND APPLICABILITY Sources This baseine and monitoring methodoogy is based on the foowing proposed new methodoogy: NM0264 Baseine and Monitoring Methodoogy for Heavy Fue-Oi Trigeneration prepared by Caraco Knits S.A. de CV. This methodoogy aso refers to the atest approved versions of the foowing toos: Combined too to identify the baseine scenario and demonstrate additionaity; Too to cacuate project or eakage CO 2 emissions from fossi fue combustion; Too to cacuate the emission factor for an eectricity system; Too to cacuate baseine, project and/or eakage emissions from eectricity consumption. For more information regarding the proposed new methodoogies and the toos as we as their consideration by the Executive Board pease refer to < Seected approach from paragraph 48 of the CDM modaities and procedures Existing actua or historica emissions, as appicabe. Definitions For the purpose of this methodoogy, the foowing definitions appy: Trigeneration is the simutaneous production of eectricity, heat and cooing from a singe heat source such as fossi fue. Trigeneration is aso referred to as CCHP (combined cooing, heating, and power generation). Industria faciity consists of a singe site where the manufacturing of goods is carried out. Eectrica compression chier is an eectricay powered equipment used to produce chied water (or water/antifreeze mixture) based on the Joue-Thompson effect, in which the refrigeration effect is produced by a refrigerant that is subsequenty compressed in an eectrica compressor, condensed in a condenser unit, expanded in an expansion vave and evaporated in an evaporator unit. 1/41

2 Absorption chier is a thermay powered equipment used to produce chied water (or water/antifreeze mixture) based on an absorption refrigeration cyce, in which the refrigeration effect is produced through the use of two fuids and heat input, rather than mechanica input as in the vapor compression refrigeration cyce. Absorption chiers can be singe-effect, doube-effect or tripe-effect type. Power consumption function is the reation which correates the specific eectricity consumption of an eectrica compression chier with the chier output, the inet temperature of the condensing water and the outet temperature of the chied water. This function can be either presented as a mathematica function or as a ook-up tabe. Load factor-efficiency curve is the reation that expresses the therma efficiency of boiers as a function of their oad factor. This curve can be either presented as a mathematica function or as a ook-up tabe. Appicabiity This methodoogy is appicabe to project activities that impement fossi fue trigeneration systems, which produce eectricity, steam and chied water as fina outputs to suppy respectivey eectricity, heat and cooing demands in an industria faciity. The foowing conditions appy: The trigeneration system is impemented at an existing industria faciity that, previous to the impementation of the project activity, had a of its eectricity, heat and cooing demands respectivey suppied with eectricity purchased in the eectricity grid, steam produced in existing on-site fossi fue boiers, and chied water produced in existing on-site eectrica compression chiers; A steam produced by the trigeneration system is used on-site to suppy partiay or totay the industria faciity heat demand. Part of the existing on-site fossi fue boiers may remain operating after the impementation of the project activity to suppy the heat demand baance, if the trigeneration system is not abe to suppy totay the heat demand of the industria faciity; A chied water produced by the trigeneration system is used on-site to suppy partiay or totay the industria faciity cooing demand. Part of the existing eectrica compression chiers may remain operating after the impementation of the project activity to suppy the cooing demand baance, if the trigeneration system is not abe to suppy totay the cooing demand of the industria faciity; The eectricity produced by the trigeneration system is used on-site to suppy partiay or totay the industria faciity eectricity demand. After the impementation of the project activity the industria faciity remains connected to the eectricity grid, which is used to suppy the eectricity demand baance, if the trigeneration system is not abe to suppy totay the eectricity demand of the industria faciity; There has been no cogeneration (CHP) or trigeneration (CCHP) systems operating in the industria faciity before the project activity; After the impementation of the project activity, the remaining (od) equipment, i.e. boiers and chiers instaed prior to the project activity and not dismanted, must be ony used for covering the difference between the heat and cooing output of the trigeneration system and the historica 2/41

3 demand eves of heat and cooing of the industria faciity. In case that increased heat and cooing demand occurs for a cumuative period onger than 3 months during the crediting period, additiona to historica eves (up to 10% above the maximum observed in a 3 years period prior to the project activity), and this increased demand is covered by the project trigeneration system and the remaining (od) equipment, project participants cannot caim emission reductions up to the end of the crediting period; 1 The crediting period cannot be onger than the end of the remaining ifetime of the existing on-site boiers or eectrica compression chiers repaced by the project activity, the one that woud occur first, estimated as per the Procedure for estimating the end of the remaining ifetime of existing boiers and chiers in this methodoogy. In addition, the appicabiity conditions incuded in the toos referred to above appy. Finay, this methodoogy is ony appicabe if the most pausibe baseine scenario as determined per the Procedure for seection of the most pausibe baseine scenario is the continuation of the situation existing prior to the impementation of the project activity, i.e. eectricity, heat and cooing demands of the industria faciity woud be suppied respectivey with eectricity purchased in the eectricity grid, steam produced in on-site fossi fue boiers and chied water produced in on-site eectrica compression chiers. Therefore, if the project activity is part of an expansion of eectricity, heat (excuding the heat demand of the absorption chiers) or cooing suppy to the industria faciity, due to an increase in the industria faciity demand, this methodoogy is not appicabe. II. BASELINE METHODOLOGY PROCEDURE Procedure for estimating the end of the remaining ifetime of existing boiers and chiers As stated in the appicabiity conditions, the crediting period cannot be onger than the remaining ifetime of the existing on-site boiers and eectrica compression chiers repaced by the project activity, i.e. the point in time when those equipments woud have been repaced in the absence of the project activity. This point in time shoud be estimated in a conservative manner by choosing the eariest point in time amongst the estimated ends of the remaining ifetime of each one of the existing boiers and chiers that are being repaced by the project activity, based on: (1) The typica average technica ifetime of simiar boier(s) and chier(s) determined on the basis of common practices in the sector and the country (e.g. based on industry surveys, technica iterature, manufacturer s specifications, etc.); (2) The best practices of the industria faciity regarding repacement schedues of that type of equipment (e.g. based on historica repacement records for simiar equipment). 1 In case that project participants wish to expand this methodoogy to potentia capacity expansion projects, a request for revision must be submitted incuding provisions concerning baseine seection and additionaity assessment. 3/41

4 Procedure for seection of the most pausibe baseine scenario and demonstration of additionaity Project participants sha identify the most pausibe baseine scenario and demonstrate additionaity using the atest approved version of the Combined too to identify the baseine scenario and demonstrate additionaity, agreed by the CDM Executive Board, avaiabe at the UNFCCC CDM web site. In appying Step 1 of the too, reaistic and credibe baseine aternatives shoud be composed of aternatives for how eectricity, heat and cooing woud be produced and suppied to the industria faciity in the absence of the CDM project activity. For eectricity production, reaistic and credibe aternatives shoud incude, inter aia: The proposed project activity not undertaken as a CDM project activity; The continuation of the situation existing prior to the impementation of the project activity, i.e. eectricity suppied by the grid; The instaation of a new cogeneration system; Production of eectricity in other (on-site/off-site) eectricity generating equipments based on fossi fues or renewabe sources of energy. For heat production, reaistic and credibe aternatives shoud incude, inter aia: The proposed project activity not undertaken as a CDM project activity; The continuation of the situation existing prior to the impementation of the project activity, i.e. heat suppied by steam produced in on-site fossi fue boiers; Retrofit of the existing on-site boiers firing the same type or different types of fues; The instaation of a new cogeneration system; Production of heat in other (on-site/off-site) heat generating equipments or heat sources, such as biomass boiers, geotherma systems, district heating, etc. For cooing production, reaistic and credibe aternatives shoud incude, inter aia: The proposed project activity not undertaken as a CDM project activity; The continuation of the situation existing prior to the impementation of the project activity, i.e. cod suppied by chied water produced in on-site eectrica compression chiers; Retrofit of the existing on-site eectrica compression chiers; Production of cooing in other (on-site/off-site) cooing generating equipments or cooing sources. During the additionaity assessment, a revenues from potentia export of eectricity to the grid, on ad-hoc basis, sha be incuded. 4/41

5 Project boundary The spatia extent of the project boundary encompasses: (1) the fossi fue based trigeneration system whose outputs are eectricity, steam and chied water suppied to the industria faciity, (2) the eectricity grid to which the industria faciity is connected and (3) the boiers and eectrica compression chiers which remain operating in the industria faciity after the impementation of the project activity. Figure 1: Baseine and Project diagrams 5/41

6 Emissions sources incuded in or excuded from the project boundary are presented in Tabe 1. Tabe 1: Emissions sources incuded in or excuded from the project boundary Source Gas Incuded Justification / Expanation Baseine Project Combustion of fossi fues for production of eectricity in grid connected power pants Combustion of fossi fues for steam production in the existing on-site boiers Combustion of fossi fues for eectricity, steam and chied water production in the trigeneration system Combustion of fossi fues for production of eectricity in grid connected power pants CO 2 Yes Main emission source in the combustion of fossi fues. CH 4 No This emission source is negigibe compared to CO 2 emissions and disregarded both in project and baseine scenarios N 2 O No This emission source is negigibe compared to CO 2 emissions and disregarded both in project and baseine scenarios CO 2 Yes Main emission source in the combustion of fossi fues. CH 4 No This emission source is negigibe compared to CO 2 emissions and disregarded both in Project and Baseine scenarios N 2 O No This emission source is negigibe compared to CO 2 emissions and disregarded both in Project and Baseine scenarios CO 2 Yes Main emission source in the combustion of fossi fues. CH 4 No This emission source is negigibe compared to CO 2 emissions and disregarded both in Project and Baseine scenarios N 2 O No This emission source is negigibe compared to CO 2 emissions and disregarded both in Project and Baseine scenarios CO 2 Yes Main emission source in the combustion of fossi fues. CH 4 No This emission source is negigibe compared to CO 2 emissions and disregarded both in Project and Baseine scenarios 6/41

7 Source Gas Incuded Justification / Expanation Combustion of fossi fues for steam production in the remaining on-site boiers N 2 O No This emission source is negigibe compared to CO 2 emissions and disregarded both in Project and Baseine scenarios CO 2 Yes Main emission source in the combustion of fossi fues. CH 4 No This emission source is negigibe compared to CO 2 emissions and disregarded both in project and baseine scenarios N 2 O No This emission source is negigibe compared to CO 2 emissions and disregarded both in project and baseine scenarios The genera approach for the cacuation of emissions reduction in this methodoogy is to account for tota emissions due to the production of eectricity, heat and cooing to suppy the industria faciity before and after the impementation of the project activity. The methodoogy does not cacuate differentia baseine and project emissions due to the impementation of the project activity, i.e. emissions resuting from the portion of eectricity, heat and cooing suppies that change due to the impementation of the project activity. This is required because there is no baseine scenario identification and additionaity assessment, which take into account, the additiona suppy capacity represented by the project activity. Therefore, project emissions account for a emissions due to the production of eectricity, heat and cooing to suppy the industria faciity in the project scenario, whereas baseine emissions account for a emissions that woud resut from the production of eectricity, heat and cooing to suppy the industria faciity in the absence of the project activity but capped according to historica eves of capacity. Any production of eectricity, heat or cooing which surpasses baseine caps, defined in the corresponding sections beow, wi be attributed a zero emission factor in the baseine and fuy taken into account in the project scenario. If the project activity is part of an expansion of eectricity, heat (excuding the heat demand of the absorption chiers) or cooing suppy to the industria faciity due to an increase in the industria faciity demand, a revision of this methodoogy shoud be requested. 7/41

8 Project emissions Project emissions account for a emissions due to the production of eectricity, heat and cooing to suppy the industria faciity. They are cacuated as foows: PE y = PEtrig, y PEboiers, y + PEgrid, y + (1) Where: PE y = Project emissions in year y (tco 2 ) PE trig,y = Project emissions due to the combustion of fossi fues in the trigeneration system in year y (tco 2 ) PE boiers,y = Project emissions due to the combustion of fossi fues in the boiers that remain operating after the impementation of the project activity in year y (tco 2 ) PE grid,y = Project emissions due to the production of grid eectricity used in the industria faciity in year y (tco 2 /year) y = Year of the crediting period Cacuation of PE trig,y PE trig,y shoud be cacuated as the parameter PE FC,j,y in the atest approved version of the Too to cacuate project or eakage CO 2 emissions from fossi fue combustion avaiabe in the UNFCCC website, making the eement processes j correspond to the combustion of fossi fues for the main and auxiiary suppies of the trigeneration system in year y. Cacuation of PE boiers,y PE boiers,y shoud be cacuated as the parameter PE FC,j,y in the atest approved version of the Too to cacuate project or eakage CO 2 emissions from fossi fue combustion avaiabe in the UNFCCC website, making the eement processes j correspond to the combustion of fossi fues for the main and auxiiary suppies of the boiers that remain operating after the impementation of the project activity, in year y. Cacuation of PE grid,y PE grid,y shoud be cacuated as the parameter PE EC,y in Scenario A in the atest approved version of the Too to cacuate baseine, project and/or eakage emissions from eectricity consumption avaiabe in the UNFCCC website, making the eement j in the parameter EC PJ,j,y of the Too as the industria faciity. 8/41

9 Baseine emissions Baseine emissions account for a emissions that woud resut from the production of eectricity, heat and cooing to suppy the industria faciity in the absence of the project activity and are capped accordingy as defined in the corresponding sections beow. They are cacuated as foows: BE = BE + BE, (2) y ST, y BECW, y + EL y Where: BE y = Baseine emissions in year y (tco 2 ) BE ST,y = Baseine emissions due to the production of steam to suppy the industria faciity in the absence of the project activity in year y (tco 2 /year) BE CW,y = Baseine emissions due to the production of chied water to suppy the industria faciity in the absence of the project activity in year y (tco 2 /year) BE EL,y = Baseine emissions due to the production of eectricity to suppy the industria faciity in the absence of the project activity (excuding eectricity used in the eectrica compression chiers) in year y (tco 2 /year) y = Year of the crediting period Baseine emissions due to the production of steam (BE ST,y ) Baseine emissions due to the production of steam to suppy the industria faciity in the absence of the project activity in year y resut from the combustion of fossi fues in the boiers existing in the industria faciity before the impementation of the project activity. Since the project activity is supposed to dispace ony existing boiers, baseine emissions are capped if the tota production of steam in the project scenario surpasses HG BL,CAP. BE ST, y Where: BE ST,y HG PJ,tota,k HG BL,CAP = EF EF BL,fue,boier η BL,boier ( ) BL, fue, boier K min ( HG, HG ) PJ, tota, k η k= 1 BL, boier BL, CAP = Baseine emissions due to the production of steam to suppy the industria faciity in the absence of the project activity in year y (tco2) = Tota amount of steam used to feed the industria faciity heat oads (excuding absorption chiers), which is produced in the trigeneration system and boiers which remain operating after the project activity, during the monitoring interva k in year y (TJ) = Maximum amount of steam that coud have been produced by a boiers existing on-site prior to the impementation of the project activity during the monitoring interva k (TJ) = Emission factor of the fossi fues that woud be used for steam production in the boiers existing on-site prior to the impementation of the project activity (tco 2 /TJ) = Efficiency from the output-efficiency curve of the boiers existing in the industria faciity prior to the impementation of the project activity (fraction) (3) 9/41

10 Y K k = Year of the crediting period = Time intervas used for monitoring steam production and steam parameters during the year y. The number of monitoring intervas is equa to K = 8760/ k = Length of the monitoring intervas k (hours). This ength has to be ceary stated in the CDM-PDD. The defaut k is 1 hour. A different ength can be proposed, but has to be justified based on the expected time variation of steam production rate (oad factor) and steam parameters Cacuation of HG PJ,tota,k The tota amount of steam produced by the trigeneration system and boiers which remain operating after the project activity used to feed the industria faciity heat oads (excuding absorption chiers) is cacuated as: HG = HG HG, PJ, tota, k PJ, trig, k + PJ, boiers k (4) Where: HG PJ, trig, k =SGPJ, trig, k ( HSPJ, trig, k HFPJ, trig, k ) (5) and [ SGPJ, boiers, n, k ( HS PJ, boiers, n, k HFPJ, boiers, n k )] HG PJ, boiers, k =, (6) Parameters are defined as: n HG PJ,tota,k HG PJ,trig,k HG PJ,boiers,k SG PJ,trig,k HS PJ,trig,k = Tota amount of steam produced in the trigeneration system and boiers which remain operating after the project activity used to feed the industria faciity heat oads (excuding absorption chiers), during the monitoring interva k in year y (TJ) = Tota amount of steam produced in the trigeneration system used to feed the industria faciity heat oads (excuding absorption chiers), during the monitoring interva k in year y (TJ) = Tota amount of steam produced in the boiers which remain operating after the project activity used to feed the industria faciity heat oads (excuding absorption chiers), during the monitoring interva k in year y (TJ) = Tota amount of steam produced in the trigeneration system used to feed the industria faciity heat oads (excuding absorption chiers, if they are suppied with steam produced in the trigeneration system) during the monitoring interva k in year y (tonnes of steam) = Specific enthapy of the steam produced in the trigeneration system during the monitoring interva k in year y (TJ/tonne of steam), dependent on the average temperature (T PJ,trig,steam ) and pressure (P PJ,trig,steam ) of the steam during the monitoring interva k 10/41

11 HF PJ,trig,k SG PJ,boiers,n,k HS PJ,boiers,n,k HF PJ,boiers,n,k y k k = Specific enthapy of the feedwater fed into the trigeneration system during the monitoring interva k in year y (TJ/tonne of feedwater), dependent on the average temperature (T PJ,trig,feed ) of the feedwater during the monitoring interva k = Tota amount of steam produced in boier n which remains operating after the project activity used to feed the industria faciity heat oads (excuding absorption chiers, if they are suppied with steam produced in the boiers) during the monitoring interva k in year y (tonnes of steam) = Specific enthapy of the steam produced in boier n which remains operating after the project activity during the monitoring interva k in year y (TJ/tonne of steam), dependent on the average temperature (T PJ,boiers,steam ) and pressure (P PJ,boiers,steam ) of the steam during the monitoring interva k = Specific enthapy of the feedwater fed into the boier n which remains operating after the project activity during the monitoring interva k in year y (TJ/tonne of feedwater), dependent on the average temperature (T PJ,boiers,feed ) of the feedwater during the monitoring interva k = Year of the crediting period = Time intervas used for monitoring steam production and steam parameters during the year y. The number of monitoring intervas is equa to K = 8760/ k = Length of the monitoring intervas k (hours). This ength has to be ceary stated in the CDM-PDD. The defaut k is 1 hour. A different ength can be proposed, but has to be justified based on the expected time variation of steam production rate (oad factor) and steam parameters Cacuation of HG BL,CAP Since the project activity is supposed to dispace existing boiers, baseine emissions are capped if the tota production of steam in the project scenario surpasses HG BL,CAP. This is equivaent to attributing a zero emission factor in the baseine for any production of steam in the project scenario which surpasses HG BL,CAP as no baseine is seected for capacity increases in this methodoogy. [ CAPBL,boier,n ( HSBL boier, n HFBL, boier n )] HG = k,, (7) BL, CAP n Where: HG BL,CAP CAP BL,boier,n HS BL,boier,n = Maximum amount of steam that coud have been produced by a boiers existing onsite prior to the impementation of the project activity (TJ) = Nomina steam output that the boier n, existing in the industria faciity prior to the project activity, woud be abe to deiver if it woud operate at its maximum output capacity during the monitoring interva k (tonnes of steam/hour) = Specific enthapy of the steam produced in boier n existing in the industria faciity prior to the project activity (TJ/tonne of steam), dependent on the historica average temperature (T BL,boiers,steam ) and pressure (P BL,boiers,steam ) of the steam produced by boier n 11/41

12 HF BL,boier,n k n = Specific enthapy of the feedwater fed into boier n existing in the industria faciity prior to the project activity (TJ/tonne of feedwater), dependent on the historica average temperature (T BL,boiers,feed ) of the feedwater used by boier n = Length of the monitoring intervas k (hours). This ength has to be ceary stated in the CDM-PDD. The defaut k is 1 hour. A different ength can be proposed, but has to be justified based on the expected time variation of steam production rate (oad factor) and steam parameters = Boiers existing in the industria faciity prior to the project activity Cacuation of EF BL,fue,boier Considering that a mix of fossi fues may have been used in the boiers existing on-site prior to the impementation of the project activity, the emission factor EF BL,fue,boier used for baseine emissions can be determined as: Option A: Use a conservative emission factor by choosing the owest emission factor of a fues used in the industria faciity in the most recent three years prior to the impementation of the project activity. Option B: Cacuate an equivaent emission factor as the weighted average, on energy basis, of a fues used in the industria faciity in the most recent three years prior to the impementation of the project activity. BL, fue,boier ( FCBL,boiers,i NCVi EFi ) i ( FCBL,boiers,i NCVi ) EF = (8) i Where: EF BL,fue,boier FC BL,boiers,i NVC i EF i = Emission factor of the fossi fues that woud be used for steam production in the boiers existing on-site prior to the impementation of the project activity (tco 2 /TJ) = Amount of fossi fue i used in the boiers existing on-site prior (3 years) to the impementation of the project activity (mass or voume units) = Net caorific vaue of fossi fue type i (TJ/mass or voume units) = Emission factor for fossi fue type i (tco2/tj) Determination of η BL,boier ( ) The output-efficiency curve η BL,boier ( ) of the boiers existing in the industria faciity prior to the impementation of the project activity is not a singe vaue, rather it is a reation that expresses the therma efficiency of the group of boiers existing in the industria faciity, prior to the impementation of the project activity, as a function of their steam output. This curve can be either presented as a mathematica function or as a ook-up tabe. 12/41

13 Given the output-efficiency curve of a boier, its therma efficiency is estimated by appying the average vaues of the output of the boier, cacuated based on the monitored parameters of the boier during the monitoring intervas, to its output-efficiency curve. For the purpose of determining output-efficiency curve, project participants shoud determine and document in the CDM-PDD the maximum range over which the oad factor of the boiers can vary. Preferaby, historica data records for at east one year shoud be used for this purpose. The range shoud refect the range of year-round ambient conditions and heat demand variations. The foowing options can be used to determine the output-efficiency curve of an individua boier: Option A: Use on-site measurements, foowing the procedure provided in the Annex 1 to this methodoogy. Option B: Use the manufacturer s specification of oad factor-efficiency curves. Option C: Use a constant conservative defaut vaue of 1 irrespective of the output. If more than one boier had been operating before the impementation of the project activity, a singe equivaent output-efficiency curve shoud be used by cacuating the arithmetic average of the efficiencies of the boiers at each output obtained from the individua output-efficiency curves determined as per one of the options above. Baseine emissions due to the production of chied water (BE CW,y ) Baseine emissions associated with the production of chied water to suppy the industria faciity in the absence of the project activity in year y resut from the production of grid eectricity that woud be required to operate the eectrica compression chiers existing in the industria faciity prior to the impementation of the project activity. Since the project activity is supposed to dispace ony existing eectrica compression chiers, if the tota production of chied water in the project scenario surpasses CG BL,CAP, baseine emissions are capped. BE MIN L [ MINCG, PCF eechi ( MINCG Tcond T )] BL,,, in, cw, out, CW, y = EFgrid, y, = 1 CG, ( CG, CG ), (9) 4 min PJ, tota, BL, CAP = (10) 13/41

14 Where: BE CW,y = Baseine emissions due to the production of chied water to suppy the industria faciity in the absence of the project activity in year y (tco2) MIN CG, = Minimum between CG PJ,tota, and CG BL,CAP (TR 2 ) 7.9x10 4 = Conversion factor from TJ/h to TR CG PJ,tota, CG BL,CAP PCF BL,eechi (...) T cond,in, T cw,out, EF grid,y y = Tota amount of chied water produced by the trigeneration system (absorption chiers) and eectrica compression chiers, which remain operating after the project activity, in the monitoring interva in year y (TJ) = Maximum amount of chied water that coud have been produced by a eectrica compression chiers existing on-site previous to the impementation of the project activity (TJ) = Output from the power consumption function of the eectrica compression chiers existing on-site prior to the impementation of the project activity (MW/TR) = Average inet temperature of the condensing water as it enters the condenser unit in the absorption chiers (trigeneration system) during the monitoring interva in year y ( C) = Average outet temperature of the chied water as it eaves the absorption chiers (trigeneration system) during the monitoring interva in year y ( C) = Emission factor for grid eectricity in year y (tco2/mwh) = Time intervas used for monitoring chied water production and chied water parameters during the year y. The number of monitoring intervas is equa to L = 8760/ = Length of the monitoring interva. This ength has to be ceary stated in the CDM- PDD. The defaut is 1 hour. A different ength can be proposed, but has to be justified based on the expected time variation of chied water production rate (oad factor) and chied water parameters (hours) = Year of the crediting period Cacuation of CG PJ,tota, The tota amount of chied water produced by the trigeneration system and eectrica compression chiers which remain operating after the project activity is cacuated as: CG PJ, tota, CGPJ, trig, + CGPJ, eechi, CG PJ, trig, CW, = (11) PJ, trig, cp ( Tcw, trig, in, Tcw, trig, out ) [ CWPJ, eechi, m, c p ( Tcw, eechi, in, m, Tcw, eechi, out, m )] = (12) CG PJ, eechi, =, (13) m 2 One ton of refrigeration (TR) is the amount of power required to freeze one short ton of water at 0 C (32 F) in 24 hours. 1 ton refrigeration = 200 Btu/min = kj/s = kw. 14/41

15 Where: CG PJ,tota, CG PJ,trig, CG PJ,eechi, CW PJ,trig, c p T cw,trig,in, T cw,trig,out, CW PJ,eechi,m, T cw,eechi,in,m, T cw,eechi,out,m, m y = Tota amount of chied water produced by the trigeneration system and eectrica compression chiers, which remain operating after the project activity, in the monitoring interva in year y (TJ) = Tota amount of chied water produced in the trigeneration system (absorption chier) during the monitoring interva in year y (TJ) = Tota amount of chied water produced in the eectrica compression chiers which remain operating after the project activity during the monitoring interva in year y (TJ) = Amount of chied water produced in the trigeneration system (absorption chiers) during the monitoring interva in year y (tonnes of chied water) = Specific heat of the chied water (TJ/tonne of chied water C) = Average inet temperature of the chied water as it enters the absorption chiers (trigeneration system) during the monitoring interva in year y ( C) = Average outet temperature of the chied water as it eaves the absorption chiers (trigeneration system) during the monitoring interva in year y ( C) = Amount of chied water produced by eectrica compression chier m that remain operating after the project activity during the monitoring interva in year y (tonnes of chied water) = Average temperature of the chied water as it enters the eectrica compression chier m that remain operating after the project activity during the monitoring interva in year y ( C) = Average temperature of the chied water as it eaves the eectrica compression chier m that remain operating after the project activity during the monitoring interva in year y ( C) = Eectrica compression chiers that remain operating after the project activity. = Time intervas used for monitoring chied water production and chied water parameters during the year y. The number of monitoring intervas is equa to L = 8760/ = Length of the monitoring interva. This ength has to be ceary stated in the CDM- PDD. The defaut is 1 hour. A different ength can be proposed, but has to be justified based on the expected time variation of chied water production rate (oad factor) and chied water parameters (hours) = Year of the crediting period Cacuation of CG BL,CAP Since the project activity is supposed to dispace existing eectrica compression chiers, baseine emissions are capped if the tota production of chied water in the project scenario surpasses CG BL,CAP. This is equivaent to attributing a zero emission factor in the baseine for any production of chied water in the project scenario, which surpasses CG BL,CAP as no baseine is seected for capacity increases under this methodoogy. 15/41

16 [ CAPBL,eechi,m c p ( TBL cw, in, m TBL, cw, out m )] CG BL, CAP =,, (14) m Where: CG BL,CAP CAP BL,eechi,m c p T BL,cw,in,m T BL,cw,out,m m = Maximum amount of chied water that coud be produced by a eectrica compression chiers existing on-site previous to the impementation of the project activity (TJ) = Nomina chied water output that the eectrica compression chier m, existing in the industria faciity prior to the project activity, woud be abe to deiver if it woud operate at its maximum output capacity during the monitoring interva (tonnes of chied water/hour) = Specific heat of the chied water (TJ/tonne. o C). = Average temperature of the chied water entering the eectrica compression chier m, existing in the industria faciity prior to the project activity ( o C) = Average temperature of the chied water eaving the eectrica compression chier m, existing in the industria faciity prior to the project activity ( o C) = Length of the monitoring interva (hours). This ength has to be ceary stated in the CDM-PDD. The defaut is 1 hour. A different ength can be proposed, but has to be justified based on the expected time variation of chied water production rate (oad factor) and chied water parameters = Eectrica compression chiers existing in the industria faciity prior to the project activity Determination of the power consumption function PCF BL,eechi (...) The power consumption function PCF BL,eechi (...) of the eectrica compression chiers existing on-site prior to the impementation of the project activity is not a singe vaue, rather it is a reation which expresses the power consumption of the eectrica compression chiers as a function of the quantity of chied water produced, the outet temperature of chied water and the inet temperature of condensing water. This curve can be either presented as a mathematica function or as a ook-up tabe. Given the power consumption function of a chier, its power consumption is estimated by appying the average vaues of chied water produced, outet temperature of chied water and inet temperature of condensing water, monitored during the monitoring intervas, to the power consumption function of the chier. For the purpose of estabishing the power consumption function, project participants shoud determine and document in the CDM-PDD the maximum range over which the three key operating parameters (chied water produced, the outet temperature of chied water and the inet temperature of condensing water) can vary in the eectrica compression chiers. Preferaby, historica data records for at east one year shoud be used for this purpose. The range shoud refect the range of year-round ambient temperature and humidity conditions and cooing demand variations. Different ambient conditions (temperature and humidity) are refected through different inet temperature of the condensing water (as the operation of the cooing tower depends on ambient temperature and humidity) and different chier output oads (as the 16/41

17 cooing demand usuay is infuenced by the ambient temperature). The range of the inet temperature of the condensing water can be determined based on data of the wet bub and dry bub temperatures specific to the ocation of the chiers and information on the variation of humidity and ambient temperature, covering each season in the year and variations during days and nights. In the absence of more precise data, it may be assumed that the inet temperature of the condensing water is 4 C higher than the average ambient wet bub temperature. The range of the outet temperature of the chied water shoud be varied according to the cooing process or air conditioning requirements. However, in some appications the outet temperature of the chied water may be kept reativey constant, making the variation of this parameter unnecessary. The foowing options can be used to determine the power consumption function of an individua chier: Option A: Determination of the power consumption function based on measurements, foowing the procedure provided in the Annex 2 in this methodoogy. Option B: Determination of the power consumption function based on manufacturer s data, foowing the guidance provided in Step 5 of the Annex 2 in this methodoogy. Option C: The power consumption function is assumed to be constant (and not dependent on the quantity of chied water produced, the outet temperature of the chied water and the inet temperature of the condensing water). In this case, the vaue for the power consumption function shoud be chosen as the most conservative vaue, i.e. the owest power consumption that is observed over the maximum range of the three operating parameters. This vaue can either be determined based on measurements or manufacturer s data, foowing the guidance provided under Option A or Option B above. If more than one eectrica compression chier had been operating before the impementation of the project activity, a singe equivaent vaue of power consumption shoud be used by cacuating the arithmetic average of the power consumptions of the chiers, obtained from the individua power consumption functions determined as per one of the options above, at each eve of chied water produced, outet temperature of chied water and inet temperature of condensing water. Baseine emissions due to the production of eectricity (BE EL,y ) Baseine emissions associated with the production of eectricity resut from the production of grid eectricity that woud be required to suppy the industria faciity in the absence of the project activity (excuding eectricity used in the eectrica compression chiers) in year y. Since the project activity is supposed to meet existing demand in the industria faciity, if the tota eectricity demand in the industria faciity (excuding eectrica compression chiers) surpasses EC BL,CAP, baseine emissions are capped. ( EGtrig, y EGgrid, y ECeechi, y ECBL, CAP ) EFgrid y, min + ), (15) BE EL y =, 17/41

18 Where: BE EL,y EG trig,y EG grid,y EC eechi,y EC BL,CAP EF grid,y = Baseine emissions due to the production of eectricity to suppy the industria faciity in the absence of the project activity (excuding eectricity used in the eectrica compression chiers) in year y (tco2) = Net eectricity produced by the trigeneration system used to suppy the industria faciity in year y (MWh) = Tota consumption of grid eectricity in the industria faciity in year y (MWh) = Tota consumption of eectricity in the eectrica compression chiers that remain operating after the impementation of the project activity in year y (MWh) = Maximum annua amount of eectricity that the industria faciity woud demand to operate at fu oad capacity prior to the impementation of the project activity (MWh) = Emission factor for grid eectricity in year y (tco2/mwh) Cacuation of EC eechi,y The tota consumption of eectricity in the eectrica compression chiers that remain operating after the impementation of the project activity can be determined as per one of the foowing options: Option A: Directy monitored in the eectrica compression chiers. Option B: Estimated from the monitored amount of chied water produced in those chiers and their power consumption function, as per the foowing equation: EC ( CG, T T ) L 4 PJ, eechi, m, eechi, y = PCFPJ, eechi, m PJ, eechi, m, cond, eechi, in, m,, m = 1 CG ( T T ) CG PJ, eechi, m, CWPJ, eechi, m, c p cw, eechi, in, m, cw, eechi, out, m, cw, eechi, out, m, = (17) Where: EC eechi,y = Tota consumption of eectricity in the eectrica compression chiers that remain operating after the impementation of the project activity in year y (MWh) CG PJ,eechi,m, = Tota amount of chied water produced in the eectrica compression chier m which remain operating after the project activity during the monitoring interva in year y (TJ) PCF PJ,eechi,m (...) = Power consumption function of the eectrica compression chier m which remain operating after the impementation of the project activity (MW/TR). T cond,eechi,in,m, = Average inet temperature of the condensing water as it enters the condenser unit in the eectrica compression chier m during the monitoring interva in year y ( C) T cw,eechi,out,m, = Average outet temperature of the chied water as it eaves the eectrica compression chier m that remain operating after the project activity during the monitoring interva in year y ( C) 7.9x10 4 = Conversion factor from TJ/h to TR (16) 18/41

19 CW PJ,eechi,m, T cw,eechi,in,m, = Amount of chied water produced by eectrica compression chier m that remain operating after the project activity during the monitoring interva in year y (tonnes of chied water) = Average inet temperature of the chied water as it enters the eectrica compression chier m that remain operating after the project activity during the monitoring interva in year y ( C) c p = Specific heat of the chied water (TJ/tonnes. o C) m y = Time intervas used for monitoring chied water production and chied water parameters during the year y. The number of monitoring intervas is equa to L = 8760/ = Length of the monitoring interva. This ength has to be ceary stated in the CDM-PDD. The defaut is 1 hour. A different ength can be proposed, but has to be justified based on the expected time variation of chied water production rate (oad factor) and chied water parameters (hours) = Eectrica compression chiers that remain operating after the project activity = Year of the crediting period Cacuation of EC BL,CAP Maximum annua amount of eectricity that the industria faciity woud demand to operate at fu oad capacity prior to the impementation of the project activity (MWh). This parameter shoud be either: Option A: Estimated based on the namepate eectricity demand of a eectrica oads existing in the industria faciity prior to the impementation of the project activity, had the industria faciity operated at fu oad capacity. Option B: Chosen as the highest eectricity consumption that was observed in the industria faciity over the most recent three years previous to the impementation of the project activity. Determination of the power consumption function PCF PJ,eechi,m (...) The power consumption function for eectrica compression chiers which remain operating after the impementation of the project activity can, simiary to PCF BL,eechi (...), be determined as: Option A: Determination of the power consumption function based on measurements, foowing the procedure provided in the Annex 2 to this methodoogy. Option B: Determination of the power consumption function based on manufacturer s data. Option C: The power consumption function is assumed to be constant by choosing the most conservative vaue, i.e. the highest power consumption that is observed, based on measurements or manufacturer s data, foowing the guidance provided under Option A or Option B above. Emission factor for grid eectricity (EF grid,y ) The emission factor for grid eectricity in year y (tco2/mwh) shoud be cacuate using the atest version of the Too to cacuate the emission factor for an eectricity system. EF grid,y corresponds to the parameter EF grid,cm,y in the too referred to above. 19/41

20 Leakage The ony source of eakage considered are upstream emissions due to the suppy of fossi fues. Leakage is conservativey cacuated as the difference in fugitive CH 4 emissions associated with the production, transportation and distribution of the fossi fues used on-site in the baseine and project scenarios, disregarding the impact of the project activity in the use of fossi fues in grid connected power pants. LE min ( HG, HG ) K PJ, tota, k y = FCPJ, i, y NCVi EFi, upstreamch, 4 i k= 1 ηbl, boier BL, CAP EF FF, upstreamch, 4 GWP CH 4 (18) Where: LE y = Leakage emissions in year y (tco 2e ) FC PJ,i,y = Amount of fossi fue type i combusted in the industria faciity (trigeneration system and boiers) in year y (mass or voume unit) NCV i = Net caorific vaue of fossi fue type i (TJ/mass or voume unit) EF i,upstream,ch4 = CH 4 upstream emission factor of fossi fue type i (tch4/tj) HG PJ,tota,k = Tota amount of steam produced in the trigeneration system and boiers which remain operating after the project activity used to feed the industria faciity heat oads (excuding absorption chiers), during the monitoring interva k in year y (TJ) HG BL,CAP = Maximum amount of steam that coud be produced by a boiers existing on-site prior to the impementation of the project activity (TJ) η BL,boier ( ) = Efficiency from the oad factor-efficiency curve of the boiers existing in the industria faciity prior to the impementation of the project activity (fraction) EF FF,upstream,CH4 = Highest CH 4 upstream emission factor amongst a fossi fues type i used in the industria faciity prior to the impementation of the project activity (tch4/tj) GWP CH4 = Goba warming potentia of methane vaid for the reevant commitment period (tco2/tch4) y = Year of the crediting period k = Time intervas used for monitoring steam production and steam parameters during the year y. The number of monitoring intervas is equa to K = 8760// k k = Length of the monitoring intervas k (hours). This ength has to be ceary stated in the CDM-PDD. The defaut k is 1 hour. A different ength can be proposed, but has to be justified based on the expected time variation of steam production rate (oad factor) and steam parameters Where reiabe and accurate nationa data on fugitive CH 4 emissions associated with the production, transportation and distribution of the fues is avaiabe, project participants shoud use this data to determine average emission factors by dividing the tota quantity of CH 4 emissions by the quantity of fue produced or suppied respectivey. 3 Where such data is not avaiabe, project participants may use the defaut vaues provided in Tabe 2 beow, appying adequate unit conversion factors. 3 GHG inventory data reported to the UNFCCC as part of nationa communications can be used where countryspecific approaches (and not IPCC Tier 1 defaut vaues) have been used to estimate emissions. 20/41

21 Tabe 2: Defaut emission factors for fugitive CH 4 upstream emissions Activity Unit Defaut emission factor Reference for the underying emission factor range in Voume 3 of the 1996 Revised IPCC Guideines Coa Underground mining t CH4 / kt coa 13.4 Equations 1 and 4, p and Surface mining t CH4 / kt coa 0.8 Equations 2 and 4, p and Oi Production t CH4 / PJ 2.5 Tabes 1-60 to 1-64, p Transport, refining and storage t CH4 / PJ 1.6 Tabes 1-60 to 1-64, p Tota t CH4 / PJ 4.1 Natura gas USA and Canada Production t CH4 / PJ 72 Tabe 1-60, p Processing, transport and distribution t CH4 / PJ 88 Tabe 1-60, p Tota t CH4 / PJ 160 Eastern Europe and former USSR Production t CH4 / PJ 393 Tabe 1-61, p Processing, transport and distribution t CH4 / PJ 528 Tabe 1-61, p Tota t CH4 / PJ 921 Western Europe Production t CH4 / PJ 21 Tabe 1-62, p Processing, transport and distribution t CH4 / PJ 85 Tabe 1-62, p Tota t CH4 / PJ 105 Other oi exporting countries / Rest of word Production t CH4 / PJ 68 Tabe 1-63 and 1-64, p and Processing, transport and distribution t CH4 / PJ 228 Tabe 1-63 and 1-64, p and Tota t CH4 / PJ 296 Note: The emission factors in this tabe have been derived from IPCC defaut Tier 1 emission factors provided in Voume 3 of the 1996 Revised IPCC Guideines, by cacuating the average of the provided defaut emission factor range. Emission reductions Emission reductions are cacuates as foows: ER y = BE y PE y LE y (19) Where: ER y = Emissions reductions of the project activity during the year y (tco 2 ) BE,y = Baseine emissions during the year y (tco 2 ) PE y = Project emissions during the year y (tco 2 ) LE y = Leakage emissions in the year y (tco 2 ) y = Year of the crediting period 21/41

22 Data and parameters not monitored In addition to the parameters isted in the tabes beow, the provisions on data and parameters not monitored in the toos referred to in this methodoogy appy. Description: Description: Description: Description: CAP BL,boier,n tonnes of steam/hour Nomina steam output that the boier n, existing in the industria faciity prior to the project activity, woud be abe to deiver if it woud operate at its maximum output capacity during a time interva equa to k Manufacturers data HS BL,boier,n TJ/tonne of steam Specific enthapy of the steam produced in boier n existing in the industria faciity prior to the project activity Historica average measurements (3 years) of temperature (T BL,boiers,steam ) and pressure (P BL,boiers,steam ) of the steam produced by boier n. HF BL,boier,n TJ/tonne of feedwater Specific enthapy of the feedwater fed into boier n existing in the industria faciity prior to the project activity Historica average measurements (3 years) of temperature (T BL,boiers,feed ) of the feedwater used by boier n. CAP BL,eechi,m tonnes of chied water/hour Nomina chied water output that the eectrica compression chier m, existing in the industria faciity prior to the project activity, woud be abe to deiver if it woud operate at its maximum output capacity during a time interva equa to k. Manufacturers data 22/41