Examples of addressing the climate change requirements in Polish Road projects June 2017, Bruxelles

Transcription

1 Examples of addressing the climate change requirements in Polish Road projects June 2017, Bruxelles General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways (GDDKiA)

2 Examples of addressing the climate change requirements in Polish Road projects June 2017, Bruxelles Content of the presentation: - Introduction - How we do it - Something about current projects - Some examples - What we are thinking about for the future

3 Introduction Network of high-class roads (motorways and expressways) current network and development: 1660,55 out of 2027,15 km completed (81.9%) 56,8 km under construction 18,1 km in tender 1506,00 out of 5765,9 km completed (28.3%) 1091,6 km under construction 504,1 km in tender High-class roads: Total network length: 7793,05 km Total length under operation: 3166,55 km Total percentage of completion: 40,6% under construction under operation

4 Introduction Historical data for high-class road network (since 2000): Under construction Under operation Years Estimated costs of investments foreseen for years is about 16 billion Euro.

5 Introduction Traffic density on state roads Motorways Expressways Main trunk roads and trunk roads Road category Length AADT 2010 Length 2015 AADT 2015 Motorways Expressways Main trunk roads Trunk roads TOTAL

6 Seminar on climate change requirements for major projects in the programming period Brussels, 29 September 2015 GDDKiA Poland: a road example Last years experience

7 Climate Change analysis standardisation Mitigation Quantification of GHG emissions and related external costs according to the Blue Book methodology. The methodology is consistent with the carbon footprint calculation methodology used by the EIB. It involves estimating the consequences of the project operating phase (traffic on the road) The cost of climate change (expressed as CO 2 equivalent) this is the total equivalent of CO 2 emissions multiplied by unit cost (same CO 2 cost factors applied in all countries). CO 2 emission factors, depend on fuel consumption, and hence the speed and category of vehicles, as well as the condition of the road surface and geometry. Blue Book provides those values corresponding to the Polish context. Application Form needs to report project relative emissions and project absolute emissions in a standard year of operation. Years Emissions [tco 2 ] W0 Emissions [tco 2 ] WI The difference in emisions [tco 2 ] W0-WI Emissions [tco 2 ] from the project Sum Average

8 Climate Change analysis standardisation Adaptation Vulnerability and Risk Assessment developed as part of the project FS. Vulnerability Assessment: Currently based on the project Development and implementation of a strategic adaptation plan for the sectors and areas vulnerable to climate change with the acronym KLIMADA. The results of this project form the basis for the preparation of a strategic plan for adapting the country to climate change and was divided into two time scales from now on till 2030 and the period Analysis of the impact of climate change was done based on some basic elements of climate, which aggregated Analysis of the impact of climate change was done based on some basic elements of climate, which aggregated Contractual Climate Categories (UKK). For the transport sector in Poland, the following were considered relevant: o Frost: Very low temperature, frost, ice cover on watercourses, glazed; o Snow: Heavy snowfall with low air temperature, snowstorm, snow cover, hail; o Rain: Heavy rainfall in positive air temperature, flooding; o Wind: Very strong wind and lightning (storm, hurricane, whirlwind), atmospheric pressure differences, turbulence; o Heat: Very high temperature, sunshine; o Fog: Phenomena limiting visibility, fog, low cloud base, volcanic dust;

9 Climate Change analysis standardisation Sensitivity analysis for roads from KLIMADA: Adaptation Contractual Climate Categories Infrastructure Mode of transportation Social comfort Frost Snow Rain Wind Heat Fog scale of assessment, vulnerability to climate impacts, where: 0 i.e. neutral conditions favourable or neutral, 1 the conditions obstructing or hampering the functioning of, there are significant obstacles to the operation of the sector, 2 namely burdensome obstacles are, in addition to the conditions which cause injury to the fair operation of the sector, 3 i.e. impossibility conditions to prevent the functioning of that part of the sector. Based on the findings of KLIMADA, the Vulnerability and Risk Analysis is performed with project specific considerations.

10 Risk analysis: Impact Area of risk for the risks associated with wind Impact on operational expenditure on infrastructure No impact Low impact Moderate Critical level Catastrophic level Climate Change analysis standardisation Adaptation Different standards winter maintenance Impact on vehicle operating costs Impact on users costs in time The impact on the cost of road accidents and casualties Impact on the costs of CO2 and noise emissions, The cumulative effect Area of risk for the risk of rain No impact Low impact Moderate Critical level Catastrophic level Impact on operational expenditure on infrastructure Impact on vehicle operating costs Impact on users costs in time The impact on the cost of road accidents and casualties Impact on the costs of CO2 and noise emissions, The cumulative effect Area of risk for risk of snow No impact Low impact Moderate Critical level Catastrophic level Impact on operational expenditure on infrastructure Impact on vehicle operating costs Impact on users costs in time The impact on the cost of road accidents and casualties Impact on the costs of CO2 and noise emissions, The cumulative effect

11 Current projects Operational Programme Infrastructure & Environment Priority Axis III: Development of TEN-T road transport and multimodal transport Measure 3.1 Development of TEN-T road transport and airline network. Priority Axis IV: The road infrastructure of cities Measure 4.1 Increase in transport availability of the urban centres on TEN-T road network and relief for the cities from the extensive road traffic Measure 4.2 Increase in transport availability of the urban centres outisde the TEN-T road network and relief for the cities from the extensive road traffic Information on OPIE at GDDKiA (state as on: ) Projects submitted to European Commision and approved till: 21 Applications for subsidy: 35 Agreements for subsidy: 30 Applications for payment: 182, for the amount of: 3,02 billion worth of eligible expenditure

12 Overview of the projects Localization of the projects Operational Programme Infrastructure & Environment National roads Projects

13 Currently implemented projects, have a very long history of planning and preparation. Majority of project preparation was done before EU requirements were known. e.g. Construction of A1 motorway, section Pyrzowice - Częstochowa - Choice of variant was made in the 1970s (now under realisation). Maturity of Projects Overview of the projects Average time preparation of investment (with construction permit) about 9,5 years Climat Change was not considered in the initial stages of project preparation including in Option Analysis. Nevertheless, the Climat Change analysis has been done at the moment of the preparation of the Application Forms package for EU

14 Overview of the projects The improvements done in the Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Better structuring and further analysis - a Vulnerability and Risk Assessment methodology conisdering: Vulnerability = Sensitivity x Exposure Risk = Likelihood x Impact Adaptation/Resilience analysis Vulnerability assessment based on KLIMADA Adaptation and modification, data from the KLIMADA project, in terms of the entire road network, to the specificity of national roads (national roads represent 5% of all roads, but 60% of all traffic) Currently observed and projected exposure analysis for the infrastructure: All roads National roads L.P. Contractual Climate Category Currently observed Forecast 2070 L.P. Contractual Climate Category Currently observed Forecast Frost Snow Rain Wind Heat Fog Frost Snow Rain Wind Heat Fog 0 0

15 Overview of the projects The improvements done in the Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Table of road projects measures which have climate impacts considerations Climate factor Possible operations Intense rainfall, floods and washes out Design of bridge structures of 300 years. The design of the road on flood risk areas on embankments and building overpasses. Increasing resilience to floods through the use of sustainable drainage and dewatering equipment. To minimise interference with natural retention areas such as bogs, riparian forests, meadows, humid and other natural areas located in the valleys. The route (not located beyond the road lane) wetlands and water bodies. Introduction to the planting of native species of trees and shrubs frost resistance area concerned. Planting of greenery species with improving evotranspiration, fitomeditation (leaf, green Evergreen), for retention tanks. Installation of weather stations collecting information on weather conditions. Management of the traffic route in terms of climate change the National Traffic Management System. Landslides Winds and storms Surface protection and erosion control (e.g. planting of greenery). Properly designed drainage and water channelling to control erosion. Complementing the losses related to the reduction of the surface area of natural forests, forest restoration. The application of the construction standards (building regulations) to ensure resistance to strong winds (bridges, acoustic screens). Design roadside greenery in accordance with applicable guidance in this respect, i.e. in the stack, using native species. Installation of weather stations collecting information on weather conditions. Management of the traffic route in terms of climate change, covering road sections the National Traffic Management System. Heatwaves Making the road resilient to climate change through the deployment of more resilient materials and technologies such as the use of concrete surfaces resistant to low and high temperatures. Monitoring of the state of the surface of the roadways for the relevant road condition diagnosis (SDN). Limitation of actions leading to the fragmentation of the habitats of vulnerable/loss or break ecological corridors; taking measures to preserve the most sensitive habitats The use of road signs resistant to low and high temperatures. Installation of weather stations collecting information on weather conditions. Drought Forest fires in the vicinity of roads The use of planting roadside greenery species resistant to drought. Installation of weather stations collecting information on weather conditions. To properly maintain firebreaks, State Forests Construction of access roads in the vicinity of express and fire roads task of National Parls. The use of refractory building materials. Management of the traffic route in terms of climate change, covering road sections the National Traffic Management System. The freezing of thawed ground cold waves, Making the roads at cold temperatures by more climate resilient materials and technologies such as concrete road surfaces. Strengthening and thermal protection (e.g. an area of vegetation on the slopes) The use of road signs resistant to low and high temperatures. Management of the traffic route in terms of climate change, covering road sections the National Traffic Management System. Rising sea levels, coastal erosion, intrusion saltwater Lack of investment in coastal areas threatened by rising sea levels, coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion.

16 Overview of the projects The improvements done in the Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Historical experience (1997 Millennium Flood, property damage $4.5 billion)

17 Overview of the projects The improvements done in the Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Vulnerability analysis results Sensitivity analysis Frost Snow Rain Wind Heat Fog Damage to and destruction of infrastructure (material damage) The functionality of the infrastructure Decrease in economic efficiency of infrastructure Low Low Average Average Low Low Low Average Average Average Low Low Low Average Average Average Low Low Highest Low Average Average Average Low Low Sensitivity Low Average High

18 Overview of the projects The improvements done in the Vulnerability and Risk Assessment Risk analysis results (as part of the overall project risk assessment)

19 Overview of the projects The improvements done in the Vulnerability and Risk Assessment After analysis of extreme events in design standards, the following aspects are signaled in projects adaptation analysis conclusions mainly concerning operation stage: Key element: good maintenance of infrastructure!!! GDDKiA uses procedures commissioning and maintenance work "Guidelines for the Current Maintenance of National Roads". Maintenance is verified by GDDKiA employees and assess maintenance standards (basis of payment), Growing network video surveillance combined with current data passed by road users and planned National Road Traffic Management System Road Information Points (PID) available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, Good quality of works execution - highly specialized road laboratories from GDDKiA, at every stage of investment implementation, checking the quality of works, Systematic identification of weather changes and service readiness update, responsible for maintenance of roads, GDDKiA works Crisis Management Plan in the analysis, is subject to the possibility of floods, weather anomalies (snowstorms, strong frosts, hurricanes, heavy rains, heat), fire, etc.

20 Climate change considerations at planning stage (e.g. option analysis for S11) Flood risk areas Current and future work Route variants through areas flooded river of Mała Panew

21 Current and future work Strategy on adaptation to climate change On February 2016 GDDKiA started preliminary works on the strategy Climate change is understood as increase in frequency and intensity of extreme weather events First step sensitivity analysis regarding disturbances in traffic flow and damages caused by extreme weather events (based on European Investment Bank model sensitivity x exposure = vulnerability in accordance with International Climate Change Adaptation Framework for Road Infrastructure by PIARC) Questionnaire was sent to all 16 regional branches of GDDKiA responsible for road maintenance Period taken into consideration: January 2004 March 2016 Feedback: information about 3300 extreme weather events, which brought on actions of road service teams described in detail

22 Current and future work Questionnaire scheme 3 main parts: PART 1 - Basic data on time and location and road section of every event PART 2 - Types of the event - 12 different types of events, such as intensive rainfall, lightning discharge, strong winds, flood etc. PART 3 - Effects of the event - 4 main classes Class I damages and defects of road or road infrastructure (no obstacles in traffic flow) Class II obstacles in traffic flow (no damages and defects of road and road infrastructure) Class III total block of traffic flow (no damages and defects of road and road infrastructure) Class 0 no damages and no obstacles, but maintenance team action needed Acquired data adjusted for GIS analyses

23 Current and future work flood (melting and runoff) Types of hazards causing the event strong wind limited visibility (such as fog, smoke) lightning discharge iced road or road infrastructure intensive snowfall heavy hail Questionnaire PART 2 In the case of a single extreme weather event more than one hazard could be selected For all weather hazards, it was possible to select "Yes (ie. the hazard has occurred and caused certain negative effects) or No" (i.e., the hazard did not occur) heavy rainfall temperatures below zero waves of heat/high temperatures fires in the vicinity of roads other agents

24 Current and future work Effects of the event Class I - damages and defects of road or road infrastructure Class II and Class III - traffic flow affected Class 0 no damages and no obstacles, but maintenance team action needed road body and slopes affected bridges and structures affected road signs, greenery, environmental and road safety measures affected other damages and defects Class II - obstacles in traffic flow up to 1 hour from 1 hour up to 12 hours form 12 hours up to 3 days over 3 days Class III total block of traffic flow up to 1 hour from 1 hour uo to 12 hours from 12 hours up to 3 days over 3 days Questionnaire PART 3 Applied approach enabled to report also events, which caused effects compartmentalized to more than one Class. Example: A particular event brought on by intensive rainfall might cause erosion of road body slopes (Class I) and as a result of that one lane of the road must be closed for 3 days to carry out repair works (Class II).

25 Preliminary results - types of events and time of the year when they occured Current and future work Average numer of weather events per 100 km of road (annually) Motorways Expressways Main trunk roads

26 Thank you for attention Grzegorz Obara Monika Hardej Tomasz Lorek www. gddkia.gov.pl

27 27 For info or further questions on this workshop and the activities of the JASPERS Networking Platform, please contact: JASPERS Networking and Competence Centre