Role of Civil Engineering for Smart City Development: A Review

Transcription

1 International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Sciences and Technology: Civil, volume. 2, issue.1 ISSN: Role of Civil Engineering for Smart City Development: A Review Mr. Nikhil Patil 1 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engg., SND COE,Yeola,India Abstract The construction industry is second largest industry for countries financial growth after agricultural. Development of civil engineering in today s context is now become popular as it has very large exposure to overall countries development. The smart development of cities from the government s initiatives becomes so crucial and important because it is creating very new hopes and opportunities for the people working in the area of construction industry. Recently Government of India through their survey has selected 100 cities throughout the country to develop them as Smart cities. This is also an great opportunity for Civil Engineering fraternity and many of the civil engineers throughout the country. This paper deals with the various points discussed for the development of Smart cities according to civil engineering point of view. It can be stated here as the development of Smart cities will not be competed without considering role of civil engineering and civil engineers throughout the country. Keywords: Smart city Development, Civil Engineering. 1. INTRODUCTION The civil engineering is not only related to the construction of buildings that may be used for several purposes like Residential, Industrial of any other in similar way but also as we know it is also related to the infrastructural development which includes the development of transportation systems, sanitary and water supply system or various infrastructural facilities which are required to every human being in day to day activities. Before considering the role of every professional body which are required for the successful development of smart city, we as an reviewer of it has to consider, various essential parameters which are crucial and important for development of any city as smart. There are many parameters, on which smart cities are based on, like development of each and every human being in the social, environmental, infrastructural and educational aspect of life that truly means the development of any city in smarter way is not to develop only infrastructural needs, or just the construction of various facilities in the surroundings, but as an reviewer we need to consider all above stated aspects of life. Infrastructural development of city can be a first step towards development of smart city. The civil engineering or civil engineers role is not only limited to the infrastructural development of city but also other aspects like social, educational and environmental are also taken care of by civil engineers, as civil engineering or civil engineers are more faced by the people. So it is a foremost and important duty of civil engineers to take care of all aspects of development of smart cities. The various professionals like doctors, teachers, architects, lawyers and labors are having equal weightage and share for the successful development of city in smarter way. But it can be said that from above all the role of Civil Engineering or civil engineers are important and crucial as compare to all above professionals. The various role or aspects of civil engineers in the development of cities in smarter way is discussed below in the three broad ways as: 1

2 1. Planning Stage 2. Execution Stage, and 3. Maintenance after completion. 1.1 Planning Stage for Development of Smart City and Role of Civil Engineers: The planning stage for the development of smart city is the first and important stage of successful execution of work. In this stage two things are needed to be considered carefully. One of them is to look whether the city is planned city or unplanned city, and other is, if city is not the planned city then steps required to rectify the existing problems in the city. Currently, among the 100 selected cities there very few cities are there, which are properly planned and maintained. But the problems are now related to the development of unplanned cities, for which extra work and efforts are required. In the stage of planning various things are included, starting from the identification of the problems in the existing city, adaptation of suitable methods to solve all existing problems. Along with this various planning required developing the each every aspect of smart city development and also the simultaneous development of the similar aspects with proper planning and care need to be considered. The role of civil engineers in the stage of planning is very important, as the first step towards the development of smart city is the development of infrastructure required along with development of some basic infrastructural needs in the many of the selected cities. So it is the role of civil engineers to adopt proper planning to develop each and every aspect of development of smart cities along with fulfillment of some basic needs in many of the cities. 1.2 Execution Stage for Development of Smart City and Role of Civil Engineers: The execution stage of development is second important stage after the planning. The successful completion of this stage is depends on proper care taken in the planning stage. In this stage all works which truly related to the execution which will be consisting of various construction of infrastructure like roadways, railways or any other advanced methods of transportation including metro, monorail or to be specific The Bullet train. Execution of all of these facilities at a single time is not practically possible but it can be a first step towards smart city development. Along with the facilities in transportation system, other facilities like proper supply of drinking water and proper system for sanitation is also an important thing to be executed properly. The role of civil engineers in the stage of execution is very important as the execution of any work must be completed as per plan, so it s a job of civil engineers. Much work in the development of city is related to infrastructures or constructions of facilities, the number of civil engineers with quality knowledge will be required to execute all work. 1.3 Maintenance Stage for Development of Smart City and Role of CivilEngineers: Now a day s government is looking for the development of the cities in smarter ways, which does not means that we are not having any developed cities in smarter way. The answer for this is yes we are having many of the cities which are developed in much planned manner. But the main question is the cities which are well planned and executed, are maintained as they were? So it is a job of the government to maintain the development work effectively with the help of all users of the city. We 2

3 as a civil engineer must have to think about the long life and durable development of the city, as the smart development must be accompanied with reliable and durable development of the city. The role of civil engineers for this stage is such that the work which is executed with the proper planning must be as possible as maintenance free or having less maintenance. Along with this it is job of the engineers to provide the regular maintenance where ever required for the sustainable and reliable growth of the city. The various sectors that are to be developed for the successful development of the smart city are as follows: 2. DEVELOPMENT OF SECTORS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SMART CITY AND ROLE OF CIVIL ENGINEERS The various factors which are required to be considered for the development of smart cities are enlisted below: 1. Transportation Sector 2. Water Supply Sector 3. Sanitary and Sewage Disposal Sector 4. Services Sector 2.1 Transportation Sector: As discussed above the transportation sector is one of main sector for the development of the city. Many cities in the country are already metropolitan cities. The development of transportation sector includes development of all modes of transportation which may include Roadways, Railways Airways and Waterways throughout the country. To be specific development of roadways means the construction of expressways with all facilities throughout the country. In the current scenario the facilities which are available with us may not sufficient, if we are thinking of smart cities, we must have to adopt some of the advanced technologies regarding the transportation sector. The role of civil engineers in the transportation sector is begins right from the planning work and it will continue forever for the regular maintenance of the executed work. As the technical study of the transportation engineering the specialized subject, which is only available in the field of civil engineering, So it is a job and responsibility of the civil engineers to develop the transportation sector in the smarter way for the development of smart cities. 2.2 Water Sector: To develop water supply sector is not only the responsibility of the government agencies like municipal water supply scheme or state water supply scheme but also it is the duty of all citizens to use water carefully and to reserve for tomorrow. Development of smart city cannot be fully successful without the development of water supply sector for village level to national level. Water supply sector is accompanied with supply of water for all purposes which include water for drinking, daily use, agriculture, institutional and industrial. For the development of smarter city the demand of water for these purposes must be fulfilled with the time as we know that the demand will increased 3

4 with the time and development of city. Negligence of this sector can be the reason of the unsuccessful implementation of the smart city development program. To fulfill the increasing demand of the water, with development of the city, steps to increase water storage and water preservation must be adopted in the form of Rain water harvesting system or the reduction evaporation losses from existing water bodies. It is the job and responsibility of the civil engineering fraternity to take research project in this area or to increase awareness among the peoples about water preservation. Another way to increase the water storage is by constructing small check dams on non-perennial rivers or to construct the dams, but construction of check dams or dams sometimes can be costliest affair. 2.3 Sanitary and Sewage Disposal Sector: Sanitary and sewage disposal sector is one of the major sectors to be taken care of. As this sector is directly related with the environmental issues of the country. Many of the cities which are in the list of selected 100 cities of smart development are majorly suffering from the issue of sewage disposal and sanitary systems. Many people are now facing with the problem of artificial hills which are made up of sewage disposal. Hence the development of any city will not be completed fully without solving these kinds of problems which are the major issues now days. The proper water supply scheme is considered as successful only when the sanitary water disposal system is not at all harmful to the environment or surrounding of the city. None of the city will be taken for the development at the cost of environmental degradation. Hence it the first and foremost duty of the civil engineers and the civil engineering fraternity to conduct the development in such fashion that, it will not be harmful to the surrounding or any of the environment of the city or country at large. Civil engineers also have to conduct research in the area of the development of smart city which is environmental friendly or not harmful to the environment. Many issues or problems related to the sewage disposal among many of the cities before going for smart development are needed to rectify and it is the opportunity for all civil engineering fraternity to take this as the social responsibility. 2.4 Services Sector: Service Sector which may include the various service provider, which may not be considers as major sector in the view of the development of city in smarter way directly, but indirectly the service sector is to provide various opportunities in the employability creation which ultimately helpful for the development of the city in the smarter direction. The role of civil engineers in this type of sectors is to provide various facilities and working environment for the betterment of the sector. The service sector includes various sub sectors like Information Technology, Energy sector and many more in the row. Hence the development of this sector will also be important, when we as a civil engineers looking for the development of the cities in the smart approach. 4

5 3. CONCLUSION The conclusion of this review paper drawn as follows: The development of the smart city cannot be completed without the major involvement of civil engineers and civil engineering fraternity, so it is the great opportunity to all civil engineers especially throughout the country. In this paper the review has been taken right from planning stage to the maintenance stage of the execution work for development of smart city. For the successful development of smart cities, various sectors mentioned in the paper need to be carefully considered along with the infrastructural sector, but the infrastructural sector can be first step towards the development of cities. That is why the role of civil engineers and all civil engineering fraternity is very crucial and important with the many great opportunity of work for the national cause. References [1] "SMART cities are key to India s economic and social growth". India Transport Portal. [2] Cabinet nod To Rs 1 lakh Cr. for urban renewal, 100 smart cities to take off, New Delhi: Business Standard, BS Reporter, 30 April [3] List of 98 Smart Cities, The Times of India. [4] "Smart Cities in India". [5] Ministry of Urban Development. [6] Smart Cities: Mission Statement & Guidelines. About the Authors Nikhil Patil is Assistant Professor at S.N.D. College of Engineering and Research Center, Yeola and also pursuing his post-graduation at Department of Civil Engineering, K.K.W. Institute of Engineering Education and Research, Nashik. His research area includes Structural Engineering, Ferrocement Technology, Earthen Dam Analysis. 5