Least developed countries (LDCs) Less economically developed countries (LEDCs) Newly industrialising countries (NICs) Middle income countries (MICs)

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2 Least develped cuntries (LDCs) Less ecnmically develped cuntries (LEDCs) Nrth-suth divide lineshwing the rich and pr. LDCs- These are the prest cuntries with the lwest quality f life. LEDCs- These are the least ecnmically develped cuntries. NICs- these are rapidly getting richer by mving frm primary t secndary industry. MICs-These cuntries are nt pr but nt rich. MEDCs- These cuntries are the mst ecnmically develped. Newly industrialising cuntries (NICs) Middle incme cuntries (MICs) Mre ecnmically develped cuntries (MEDCs)

3 Climate Happiness Jb security Freedm Husing Fd/ water Natural hazards (vlcanes) Educatin Family/frien ds Health

4 Wmen s place Drinking water Pr trade links Pr sil Scial Limited water supply Child educatin Pr climate Ecnmic Debt Ecnmy based n primary Unstable gvernment Envirnmental War Plitical Few raw materials Natural hazards Crrupt gvernments

5 Increase/decrease with develpment Scial Ecnmic GDP- Grss dmestic prduct. The ttal value f gds and services a cuntry prduces per year. GDP per capita- GDP divide by the ttal ppulatin. Birth rate- measures female educatin and birth cntrl. Death rate- measures healthcare and quality f life. Infant mrtality- measures sanitatin and health care. Peple per dctr- measures access t health care. Literacy rate- measures educatin. Access t safe watermeasures sanitatin. Life expectancy- measures access t health care and quality f life. Calrie intake- measures access t healthy diet. Other Human develpment index- A number calculated using life expectancy, literacy rate, educatinal and GDP per capita. attainment Physical quality f life index- A number calculated using life expectancy, literacy rate and infant mrtality rate.

6 Internatinal aid Official gvernmental aid Vluntary aid Multilateral aid Bilateral aid Lng-term Shrt-term Given by many cuntries and paid ut by an internatinal rganisatin e.g. UN. The gd.. Aid which is lng term can help develpment. Overtime the cuntry can becme less reliant n freign aid. Aid can help cmbat pverty. It can be used t help a bst a cuntries ecnmy. Fr example mney can be used t set up new industry. Given frm ne cuntry t anther. Given fr cnstant imprvement. T help develpment. The bad.. Given t cpe with immediate prblems caused by disasters. The recipient can becme dependent n the aid. Sme aid may nt reach the peple wh need it. Sme aid nly lasts a shrt timewill nt help develpment. Sme aid can be tied. The benefits f aid can take a lng time.

7 Primary industry Secndary industry Ecnmic Cheap land as farming uses large areas f land. Gd transprt rutes t exprt. Envirnmenta l Lts f raw materials. A suitable climate. Gd sil. Ecnmic Suitable lcal market. Gvernment grants given t encurage set up. Lts f wrkers. Gd transprt rutes. Envirnmenta l Clse t raw materials. Plenty f flat land A lcal water supply. Tertiary industry Services Quaternary industry Research develpment. and Ecnmic A suitable lcal market. Gd transprt rutes. Skilled and educated wrkers. Envirnmental Green pen spaces fr a pleasant envirnment. Scial Enugh lcal peple t supprt the service. Ecnmic Near similar businesses s that infrmatin can be shared. Skilled and educated wrkers. Envirnmental Green pen spaces fr a pleasant envirnment. Scial Nice quality husing nearby t encurage wrkers t mve.

8 As a cuntry develps they lse their primary industry and begin t industrialise as the cuntry becmes further develped and the land t expensive the secndary industry is mved. Any secndary industry that is left if carried ut by machines. Tertiary industry then has enugh mney t fully develp.

9 Scial effects Mre peple will die due t extreme weather events. Diseases will spread mre quickly due t htter weather. Sme areas will becme uninhabitable due t becming t ht and dry. Envirnmental effects Sea levels will rise as increasing temperatures leads t expanding ceans and ice melt. Rising temperatures and decreased rainfall will turn sme areas int desert. Ecnmic effects Mre mney will need t be spent n predicting extreme weather events in rder t reduce their impacts as weather events are becming mre extreme. Industries that helps t reduce the effects f climate change will becme bigger and make mre mney. Plitical effects Water will becme scarce and cmpetitin culd lead t war. Gvernments are under pressure t cme up with ways t reduce the effects. Glbal warming is caused by the enhancement f the greenhuse effect. This is dne by creating a layer f greenhuse gases which trap the utging heat. Greenhuse gases: Cws (farming)- releasing methane Cutting dwn trees (frestry)- releasing carbn dixide Cars- creating mre carbn dixide Industry- creating mre carbn dixide

10 Kyt Prtcl Mst cuntries are part f this wrld agreement t cut greenhuse gas emissins. Each cuntry is set a target. Cuntries can trade carbn credits- cuntries meeting their target can sell spare credits t cuntries wh are nt. Cuntries can earn credits by helping pr cuntries reducing their emissins. Transprt strategies Gvernments can imprve public transprt. Fr example they can make peple want t use them by making them faster and cheaper- reducing the cars n the rads. Taxatin Gvernments can increase taxes n cars with high emissins- encuraging peple nt t drive. Cngestin charging Lcal authrities can charge peple fr driving cars int cities during busy perids. Recycling Lcal authrities can recycle waste material by building recycling plants and giving peple recycling bins. Cnserving energy Lcal authrities give mney and advice t make hmes mre energy efficient. If peple use less energy, less energy is prduced which uses carbn dixide.

11 The increasing intercnnectedness f cuntries ecnmically, scially and culturally. Err what des that mean well it just means that we are nt mre linked with ther cuntries and their cultures. Multi-natinal cmpanies- they sell and prduce prducts all ver the wrld. They therefre increase glbalisatin by linking cuntries tgether thrugh prductin and sale f gds. ICT- Imprvements in , internet, mbile phnes and phne lines. This means that it is nw quicker and easier fr businesses t cmmunicate all ver the wrld. Causes Transprt- Imprvements in airprts, trains and larger ships. This has made is quicker and easier fr peple t cmmunicate face t face. It has allwed businesses t distribute their prducts all ver the wrld.

12 Their effects n ecnmic develpment. They create jbs. The wrkers pay tax which increases the wealth f the area and the lcal peple. Taxes are used t imprve infrastructure. This attracts ther MNCs creating even mre jbs. MNCs are ften lcated in LEDCs because f cheap labur, which means that they make a prfit. MNC headquarters and research centres are usually lcated in MEDCs, because f skilled labur. Their general psitive effects. MNC s create jbs where they are lcated. This can lead t mre jbs thrugh the multiplier effect. They create sme skilled jbs in LEDCs. This encurages mre educatin and training. Wrkers can get higher wages and mre reliable incmes cmpared t farming. MNCs spend mney n infrastructure, this helps t develp the cuntry. Lcal cmpanies supply the MNCs with their resurces therefre increasing their incme...and the negative The jbs created are nt always secure. Emplyees may have t wrk lng hurs in pr cnditins. May be paid lwer than MEDCs Lcal cmpanies struggle. Prfits g back t MNCs rigin cuntry. Large sites create pllutin

13 MEDC Glbalisatin has caused industry t mve ut f MEDCs because labur is cheaper. MEDCs have develped their tertiary and quaternary industries- increasing the gap between the rich and the pr. LEDCs and NICs Glbalisatin has caused industry t mve t these cuntries MNCs create jbs which has brught wealth t sme peplewhich increases the gap between the rich and the pr. Imprve peples quality f life especially in LEDCs. Increased trade brings in mre mney and jbs. Lss f culture. Expse t ther cultures. Carbn emissins- transprting gds arund the wrld, increases glbal warming. Waste-peple have access t mre prducts. Defrestatin- cleared frests t make way fr crps. Oil pllutin- prducts being transprted by ship.